Populus tremuloides

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms:

1. Populus aurea Tidestrom
2. Populus cercidiphylla Britt.
3. Populus polygonifolia Bernard
4. Populus tremula subsp. tremuloides (Michx.) A.& D. Löve
5. Populus tremuloides var. aurea (Tidestrom) Daniels
6. Populus tremuloides var. cercidiphylla (Britt.) Sudworth
7. Populus tremuloides var. intermedia Victorin
8. Populus tremuloides var. magnifica Victorin
9. Populus tremuloides var. rhomboidea Victorin
10. Populus tremuloides var. vancouveriana (Trel.) Sarg.
11. Populus vancouveriana Trel.

Notes:

Publishing author: Trel. in Piper & Beattie Publication: Fl. N.W. Coast [Piper & Beattie] 118 1915

Publishing author: Sarg. Publication: Bot. Gaz. 67: 208 1919

Publishing author: Vict. Publication: Contr. Lab. Bot. Univ. Montreal no. 16: 10, fig. 2 1930

Publishing author: Vict. Publication: Contr. Lab. Bot. Univ. Montreal no. 16: 8, fig. 2 1930

Publishing author: Sudw.

Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication: Fl. bor.-amer. 2:243. 1803

Name verified on 07-Nov-1985 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 22-May-1997

Physical Description

Family Salicaceae:

Trees or shrubs, deciduous or rarely evergreen, dioecious, rarely polygamous. Leaves alternate, rarely subopposite, usually petiolate, simple; stipules persistent or caducous. Catkins erect or pendulous; each flower usually with a cupular disc or 1 or 2(or 3) nectariferous glands. Male flowers with 2-many stamens; filaments filiform, free or united; to connate; anthers 2(or 4) -loculed, dehiscing longitudinally. Female flowers with 1 pistil, sessile or stipitate; ovary superior, 1- or 2-loculed; ovules several to many, anatropous, with a 1 integument; style 1, 2 in Chosenia; stigmas 2-4. Capsule dehiscing by 2-4(or 5) valves; placenta and inside wall of ovary with long hairs. Seeds 4-numerous, glabrous; hairs and seeds simultaneously deciduous when capsule matures.

Three genera and about 620 species: mainly N hemisphere, a few in S hemisphere; three genera and 347 species (236 endemic) in China, including at least nine hybrids and at least one introduced species.^[1]

Genus Populus:

Trees; trunk usually straight; bark furrowed or smooth, often gray or tan; pith mostly 5-angled in cross section. Terminal bud terete or angled; bud scales several, unequal. Stipules small, deciduous; petiole terete or laterally compressed; leaf blade usually ovate to deltoid-ovate. Flowering precocious; catkins pendulous. Flowers anemophilous; bracts apically lobed or laciniate, membranous, caducous; flowers with disc obliquely cupular. Male flower: stamens 4-many; filaments short, free; anthers dull red. Female flower: ovary 1-loculed; style 1, short or not; stigmas 2-4. Capsule 2-4(or 5) -valved. Seeds few to numerous, small. Cotyledons elliptic.

About 100 species: N Africa, Asia, Europe, North America; 71 species (47 endemic) in China, including at least nine hybrids.

The taxonomy of Populus in China, at species level, is at a preliminary stage. To reach an adequate understanding, it is necessary to make direct observations in natural populations of all morphological variations between individuals, for all species and at all seasonal developmental stages. Moreover, other methods beyond morphological studies need to be applied, especially anatomic and chemotaxonomic analyses.^[2]

ID Features: Terminal, imbricate, conical, sharp-pointed buds. Buds are resinous and reddish brown. Narrow, conical habit. Finely, serrated leaf margins. Slender, reddish, brown twigs. •

Habit: A deciduous tree, narrow, conical in youth maturing into a rounded crown.

Flowers: Not ornamentally important. • Bloom Period: January, February.

Seeds: Fruit: Not ornamentally important.

Foliage: Summer foliage: Alternate leaf arrangement. Simple, deciduous leaves. Orbicular leaf shape. 1.5" to 3" long. Finely serrated leaf margins. Glacescent leaf underside. Dark green leaf color. • Fall foliage: Yellow fall color.

Images:

Distribution

Range and Population

Vancouver Island, Washington North America

Native: Alberta, Arizona, British Columbia, California, Coahuila, Colorado, Connecticut, Durango, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Manitoba, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Newfoundland, North Dakota, Nova Scotia, Nuevo Leon, Ohio, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Rhode Island, San Luis Potosi, Saskatchewan, Sonora, South Dakota, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming.

Landscaping

Landscape Uses: Lumber. Interesting form. • Liabilities: Do not plant near sewers, septic tanks, drains or sidewalks. Suckers. Canker. Short-lived. Too many to name.

Habitat

Hardy to zone 1.

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Prefers wet soils. Full sun. Soil tolerant.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 1, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Similar Species

Members of the genus Populus:

There are approximately 802 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them: P. fremontii wislizeni · P. mexicana dimorpha · P. tremula grandidentata · P. albo-tremula · P. ambigua · P. andrewsii · P. barnesii · P. bernardii · P. berolinensis · P. brayshawii · P. charbinensis · P. charkowiensis · P. dutillyi · P. gileadensis (Poplars) · P. heimburgeri · P. hybrida · P. inopina · P. intercurrens · P. jackii · P. jrtyschensis · P. parryi · P. polygonifolia · P. pseudocanadensis · P. robusta · P. rouleauana · P. rouleauiana · P. sennii · P. smithii · P. steiniana · P. wettsteinii · P. wilsocarpa · P. xiaohei · P. xiaozhuanica · P. '#6' (Brooks Poplar) · P. 'Balsam Spire' · P. 'Brenta' · P. 'Ellert' · P. 'Grimmage' · P. 'Hazendans' · P. 'Hees' · P. 'Hoogvorst' · P. 'Koster' · P. 'Lambro' · P. 'Lena' · P. 'Mella' · P. 'Muur' · P. 'Neva' · P. 'Oudenberg' · P. 'Patrizia Invernizzi' · P. 'Pegaso' · P. 'Rumford' · P. 'Serotina Aurea' · P. 'Soligo' · P. 'Tacatricho 32' · P. 'Taro' · P. 'Timavo' · P. 'Vesten' · P. acerifolia · P. aceroides · P. acladesca · P. acuminata (Lanceleaf Cottonwood) · P. adamantea · P. adamentea · P. adenopoda · P. adenopoda f. cuneata · P. adenopoda f. microcarpa · P. adenopoda var. microphylla · P. adenopoda var. nanchaoensis · P. adenopoda var. platyphylla · P. adenopoda var. rotundifolia · P. aegyptiaca · P. aff yunnanensis · P. afghanica · P. afghanica var. cuneata · P. afghanica var. tadishistanica · P. alaschanica · P. alba (Silver Poplar) · P. alba 'Bolleana' · P. alba 'Nivea' · P. alba 'Raket' · P. alba 'Richardii' (Silver Poplar) · P. alba f. brandegeei · P. alba f. pyramidalis · P. alba pyramidalis (Bolleana Poplar) · P. alba Rocket · P. alba subsp. pyramidalis · P. alba var. alba · P. alba var. nutans · P. alba var. pendula · P. alba × grandidentata · P. alba [infrasp.unranked] umbraculifera · P. albocanescens · P. alexanderi · P. alexanderii · P. americana · P. amurensis · P. amygdalaceifolia · P. angulata var. serotina · P. angulosa · P. angustifolia (Narrow-Leaf Cottonwood)

Bibliography

• Boutelje, J. B. 1980. Encyclopedia of world timbers, names and technical literature. (Ency WTimber)
• Brown, R. G. & M. L. Brown. 1972. Woody plants of Maryland. (WPl Mary)
• Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. (CRC MedHerbs ed2)
• Erhardt, W. et al. 2000. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 16. Auflage. (Zander ed16)
• Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: Higher plants of California. (F CalifJep)
• Hitchcock, C. L. et al. 1955–1969. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest. (F Pacif NW)
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. (Dict Gard)
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
• Little, E. L., Jr. 1978. Important forest trees of the United States. (AH 519)
• Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541. (Trees US)
• McGregor, R. L. et al. (The Great Plains Flora Association). 1977. Atlas of the Flora of the Great Plains. (Atlas GPlains)
• McGuffin, M. et al., eds. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. (Herbs Commerce ed2)
• Scoggan, H. J. 1978–1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol. (F Canada)
• Seymour, F. 1969. The flora of New England. (F NEng)
• Steyermark, J. A. 1977. Flora of Missouri. (F Missouri)
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Notes

Contributors:

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 2, 2007.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed July 12, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 24, 2008)

Data Sources:

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 22, 2007:

• Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Berkeley Natural History Museums, University of California Museum of Paleontology DiGIR provider
• Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
• University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium
• University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
• Utah Valley State College
• , Utah Valley State College Herbarium

Identifiers:

• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 195773
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13772729
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:776887-1
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: POCE6
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 11536

Footnotes:

1. Cheng-fu Fang, Shi-dong Zhao & Alexei K. Skvortsov "Salicaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 4 Page 139. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
2. "Populus". in Flora of China Vol. 4 Page 139. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.