Pittosporum crassifolium

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Pittosporaceae

Trees or shrubs , evergreen , glabrous or pubescent , occasionally spiny . Leaves alternate, occasionally opposite, estipulate; leaf blade mostly leathery, margin entire, rarely dentate or lobed . Inflorescences umbellate , corymbose , paniculate , or a solitary flower, bracteate and bracteolate . Flowers usually bisexual , sometimes polygamous, actinomorphic , rarely zygomorphic, usually 5-merous (except ovary) . Sepals usually free or slightly connate . Petals free or connate, white, yellow, blue, or red. Stamens opposite sepals; filament filiform ; anther basifixed or dorsifixed , 2-loculed, dehiscing longitudinally or by pores . Ovary superior, of 2 or 3( 5) carpels, usually 1-loculed or incompletely 2 5-loculed; ovules numerous , anatropous ; placentation parietal , axile , or basilar. Style short, simple or 2 5-lobed, persistent or deciduous. Fruit a capsule dehiscing by adaxial suture, or a berry. Seeds numerous; testa thin; endosperm well developed; embryo small.

Nine genera and ca. 250 species: tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Australia, and Pacific Islands, especially Australia; one genus and 46 species (33 endemic) in China.[1]

Genus Pittosporum

Trees , shrubs , or sometimes subshrubs , evergreen , pubescent or glabrous . Leavs alternate, appearing opposite or pseudoverticillate , usually clustered at branchlet apex; leaf blade leathery or sometimes membranous, margin entire, undulate-dentate, or rugose . Inflorescences terminal or axillary , umbellate , corymbose , paniculate , or a solitary flower. Flowers bisexual , rarely polygamous. Sepals 5, free , usually short and small. Petals 5, free or partly connate . Stamens 5; filament glabrous; anther dorsifixed , ± sagittate , longitudinally dehiscent . Ovary superior, usually stipitate , of 2 or 3(-5) carpels, 1-loculed or incompletely 2-5-loculed, pubescent or glabrous; ovules usually numerous , sometimes 1-4; placentas parietal and equal in number to carpels, or basilar owing to reduction of ovules. Style short, simple or 2-5-lobed, usually persistent . Capsule ellipsoid or globose , sometimes compressed , dehiscing by 2-5 valves ; pericarp woody or leathery, usually with horizontal striae adaxially. Seeds usually surrounded by glutinous or greasy material .

About 150 species: Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sikkim, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; tropical and S Africa (including Madagascar), SW Asia (Yemen), Atlantic Islands (Madeira ), Australia, Indian Ocean Islands (Mascarenes, Seychelles), Pacific Islands; 46 species (33 endemic) in China.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found in water with a depth of 0 to -81 meters (0 to -266 feet).[3]

Biome: Marine .

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Taxonomy

Notes

Publishing author : Banks & Sol. ex A.Cunn. Publication : Ann. Nat. Hist. 4(22): 106 1839 [1840 publ. Oct 1839]

Similar Species

Members of the genus Pittosporum

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 42 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

P. argentifolium (Hawai'i Poisonberry Tree) · P. bicolor (Cheesewood) · P. confertiflorum (Ho'awa) · P. crassifolium (Karo) · P. eugenioides (Lemonwood) · P. flocculosum (Waianae Range Cheesewood) · P. gayanum (Waialeale Cheesewood) · P. glabrum (Ho'awa) · P. hawaiiense (Hawai'i Cheesewood) · P. hosmeri (Kona Cheesewood) · P. illicioides (Hai Jin Zi) · P. kauaiense (Kauai Cheesewood) · P. monae (Mona Cheesewood) · P. napaliense (Royal Cheesewood) · P. napaulense (Bhutan Pittosporum) · P. obcordatum (Heart-Leaved Kohuhu) · P. pentandrum (Taiwanese Cheesewood) · P. phylliraeoides (Weeping Pittosporum) · P. ralphii (Ralph's Desertwillow) · P. resiniferum (Petroleum Nut) · P. revolutum (Brisbane Laurel) · P. tenuifolium (Tawhiwhi) · P. tenuifolium tenuifolium (Tawhiwhi) · P. tenuifolium 'Brockhill Compact' (Tawhiwhi 'brockhill Compact') · P. tenuifolium 'Emerald Star' (Tawhiwhi 'emerald Star') · P. tenuifolium 'Garnettii' (Frosted Tawhiwhi) · P. tenuifolium 'Golf Ball' (Golf Ball Kohuhu) · P. tenuifolium 'Irene Patterson' (Kohuhu) · P. tenuifolium 'Silver Sheen' (Silver Sheen Kohuhu) · P. tenuifolium 'Tom Thumb' (Kohuhu) · P. terminalioides (Cream Cheesewood) · P. tobira (Australian Laurel) · P. tobira 'Shima' (Cream De Mint" Dwarf Mock Orange) · P. tobira 'Turner's Variegated Dwarf' (Turner's Pitt" Mock Orange) · P. tobira 'Variegata' (Australian Laurel) · P. tobira 'Variegatum' (Variegated Japanese Mock Orange) · P. tobira 'Wheelers Dwarf' (Australian Laurel) · P. undulatum (Australian Cheesewood) · P. undulatum 'Victoria' (Sweet Pittosporum) · P. viridiflorum (Cape Cheesewood) · P. 'Stephens Island' (Pittosporum) · P. 'Trim's Hedger' (Pittosporum 'trim's Hedger')

More Info

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Further Reading

• A contribution to our knowledge of seedlings; by the Right Hon. Sir John Lubbock. London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner, & co., ltd., 1892. url p. 200, p. 202, p. 203.
• A practical guide to garden plants, containing descriptions of the hardiest and most beautiful annuals and biennials, hardy herbaceous and bulbous perennials, hardy water and bog plants, flowering and ornamental trees and shrubs, conife London;Longmans, Green, 1901. url , , p. 112, p. 236.
• Art album of New Zealand flora. By Mr. & Mrs. E.H. Featon. Wellington, N.Z.Bock & Cousins[1889] url p. 34.
• Climbing plants, by William Watson; with introduction by W. Robinson. London [etc.]T. C. & E. C. Jack[1915] url p. 129, p. 129.
• Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers and ornamental plants sold in the United by L. H. Bailey. .. assisted by William Miller. .. and many expert cultivators and botanists. London: The Macmillan company, 1909. url p. 1846.
• Florists' review Chicago: Florists' Pub. Co. url .
• Genesis and development of sand formations on marine coasts, Rock Island, Ill., Augustana Book Concern, Printers, 1910. url .
• Hand-list of Coniferae: grown in the Royal botanic gardens. London: Printed for H. M. Stationery off. by Darling & son, Ltd., 1903. url p. 49.
• Hand-list of trees and shrubs, excluding Coniferae, grown in Arboretum. LondonPrinted for H.M. Stationery Off., by Darling1902 url p. 49.
• Henderson's Handbook of plants and general horticulture / By Peter Henderson. New York, P. Henderson & Co., 1910. url p. 303.
• Hooker, J. D. The botany of the Antarctic voyage of H.M. discovery ships Erebus and Terror in the Years 1839-1843: under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross /by Joseph Dalton Hooker. 2 1855 London: Reeve Brothers, 1844-60. url p. 202, p. 23.
• Illustrations of the New Zealand flora / edited by T.F. Cheeseman with the assistance of W.B. Hemsley; the plates drawn by Matilda Smith. Wellington: John Mackay, Govt. Printer, 1914. url p. 74, p. 75.
• Inventory of seeds and plants imported / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1914-1924. url , p. 59, p. 60.
• Leaflets of western botany. San Fransisco:[J. T. Howell], 1932-1966. url p. 1.
• Manual of the New Zealand flora. By T. F. Cheeseman. .. Wellington, N. Z., J. Mackay, Govt. Printer, 1906. url p. 1096, p. 1097, p. 52.
• Nature. London, Macmillan. url p. 622.
• New Zealand plants and their story, by L. Cockayne. Wellington, J. Mackay, government printer, 1910. url .
• New Zealand plants and their story. By L. Cockayne. .. Wellington, N.Z., M.F. Marks, Govt. Printer, 1919. url p. 183, p. 235.
• New Zealand plants suitable for North American gardens. By Dr. L. Cockayne. .. Panama Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, U. S. A., February-December, 1915. Wellington, N. Z., J. Mackay, Government Printer, 1914. url p. 13.
• Ornamental shrubs of the United States, hardy, cultivated. New YorkAmerican Book Co.[c1910] url p. 69.
• Pamphlets on forestry in California. [1900?- url p. 53.
• Pamphlets on silviculture. [1899- url p. 71, p. 81.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 76.
• Plants of New Zealand, by R.M. Laing, and E.W. Blackwell. Christchurch, Wellington, and Dunedin, N.Z. [etc.]Whitcombe and Tombs, 1907. url p. 194, p. 195.
• Proceedings and transactions of the British Entomological and Natural History Society. London, British Entomological and Natural History Society. url , p. 52.
• Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Washington, etc.: Entomological Society of Washington url p. 103.
• Standardized plant names; a catalogue of approved scientific and common names of plants in American commerce. Salem, Mass., 1923. url p. 255.
• Studies in ornamental trees and shrubs. By Harvey Monroe Hall. Berkeley, The University Press, 1910. url p. 4, p. 6.
• The Book of gardening; a handbook of horticulture. London, C. Scribner's Sons, 1900. url .
• The Bradley bibliography; a guide to the literature of the woody plants of the world published before the beginning of the twentieth century; Cambridge, Riverside Press, 1911-18. url p. 248.
• The Entomologist's record and journal of variation. s.l., s.n. url p. 143, p. 17, p. 189, p. 268.
• The Garden: an illustrated weekly journal of gardening in all its branches. London: [s.n., url , , , p. 20, p. 22, p. 225, p. 259, p. 27, p. 520, p. 575, p. 661.
• The Gardeners' chronicle and agricultural gazette. London: published for the proprietors, 1844-1873. url , p. 1498.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url , , , , p. 18, p. 18, p. 204, p. 217, p. 231, p. 53, p. 660, p. 751.
• The Horticulturist and journal of rural art and rural taste. Albany, N.Y.: Luther Tucker, 1846-1875. url p. 273.
• The Illustrated dictionary of gardening: a practical and scientific encyclopaedia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists / edited by George Nicholson. ..; assisted by J.W.H. Trail. .. and J. Garrett. ... London: L. Upcott Gill; 1887-1889. url p. 153, p. 395.
• The Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany. 35 1901-04 London: the Society: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green: ||Williams and Norgate, 1865-1968. url p. 113.
• The cultivated evergreens; a handbook of the coniferous and most important broad-leaved evergreens planted for ornament in the United States and Canada, edited by L. H. Bailey. London, Macmillan & co., ltd., 1923. url p. 403.
• The identification of trees & shrubs; how to recognize, without previous knowledge of botany, wild or garden trees and shrubs native to the north temperate zone, with 2, 500 diagrams made by the author. New York, Dutton[1937] url p. 156, p. 306.
• The illustrated dictionary of gardening, a practical and scientific encyclopedia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists. Ed. by George Nicholson. Assisted by Professor J. W. H. Trail and J. Garrett. London: L. U. Gill, [1884]-89. url p. 153.
• The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 2654, p. 2655, p. 2702, p. 2703, p. 2704, p. 380.
• Transactions and proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. Wellington: New Zealand Institute. url p. 147, p. 150, p. 155, p. 166, p. 167, p. 179, p. 208, p. 237, p. 242, p. 279, p. 354, p. 359, p. 408, p. 42, p. 48, p. 510, p. 55, p. 91, p. 97, p. 99, p. 99.
• Trees & shrubs for English gardens. [London]"Country life", 1908. url p. 137.
• Vernacular list of trees, shrubs, and woody climbers in the Madras Presidency. Madras, Printed by the Superintendant, Government Press, 1915. url p. 739, p. 849, p. 984.
• Chang Hung-ta & Yan Su-zhu. 1979. Pittosporaceae. In: Chang Hung-ta, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 35(2): 136.
• Chang Hung-ta & Yan Su-zhu. 1979. Pittosporaceae. In: Chang Hung-ta, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 35(2): 136.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 15, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 4 providers.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Dec 27, 2011.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 30, 2008)
• USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:

• Australian National Herbarium (CANB)
• National Herbarium of New South Wales: NSW herbarium collection
• UK National Biodiversity Network: Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
• UK National Biodiversity Network: Joint Nature Conservation Committee - Vegetation surveys of coastal shingle in Great Britain
• USDA PLANTS: USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2668694
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-504426
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4490920
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:684425-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 28729
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 504426
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 684425-1
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PICR
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 56480

Footnotes

1. Zhi-Yun Zhang & Nicholas J. Turland "Pittosporaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Pittosporum". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = -61.100 meters (-200.459 feet), Standard Deviation = 43.790 based on 78 observations. Ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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