Piper hispidum

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Piperaceae

Herbs, shrubs , or climbers , rarely trees , usually aromatic . Vascular bundles ± scattered in transverse section in a monocotyledonlike manner. Tip of stem sometimes enclosed within a stipulelike sheath , the prophyll, sometimes adnate to petiole , absent in Peperomia. Leaves alternate, often opposite or whorled in Peperomia, simple , base often asymmetric , palmately or pinnately veined. Inflorescence a pedunculate spike, rarely grouped into an umbel, rarely a raceme (in Zippelia), leaf-opposed or axillary , rarely terminal . Flowers small, bisexual , hermaphroditic , polygamous or dioecious, nearly always sessile; bracts small, usually peltate or cupular, usually without perianth. Stamens 1-10; filaments usually free ; anthers 2-locular, distinct or connate , longitudinally dehiscent . Gynoecium 2-5-carpellate, connate; ovary superior, 1-locular, ovule 1, orthotropous ; stigmas 1-5, sessile or with very short styles. Fruit a small drupe or nutlet ; pericarp fleshy , thin or dry, sometimes with sticky papillae (in Peperomia) or glochidiate spines (in Zippelia) . Seeds with copious starchy perisperm and a minute embryo embedded in small endosperm.

About eight or nine genera and 2000-3000 species: tropical and subtropical regions, mostly in North and South America, rather fewer in Asia, a few in Africa; three genera and 68 species (36 endemic, four introduced ) in China.[1]

Genus Piper

Small trees , shrubs , subshrubs , or rarely herbs, erect or reclining , glabrous or pubescent . Leaves alternate, pubescent. Leaf blade conspicuously pinnately veined, lateral veins ascending-arching, connected by fainter, ladderlike, tertiary veins. Spikes opposite leaves, ascending-arching, densely flowered, distally drooping . Flowers sessile, borne on surface of rachis; floral bracts fringed with whitish hairs ; stamens 2[-6]; stigmas [2-]3[-4]. Fruits sessile, oblong (inversely pyramidal-3-angled in P. auritum ) ; beak minute.

Species 1000: primarily tropics and subtropics.

This genus includes Piper nigrum Linnaeus, the source of black pepper and white pepper.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,051 meters (0 to 10,010 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Artanthe hirsuta (Sw.) Miq. • Piper scabrum Sw.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Piper

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 44 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

P. aduncum (Higuillo De Hoja Menuda) · P. aduncum var. exotum (Spiked Pepper) · P. amalago (Higuillo De Limon) · P. amalago var. amalago (Spanish-Elder) · P. amalago var. ceanothifolium (Spanish-Elder) · P. amalago var. medium (Spanish-Elder) · P. angustifolium (Pepper) · P. arborescens (Lanyu Pepper) · P. attenuatum (Oval-Leaved Pepper Plant) · P. aurantiacum (Orange Pepper Tree) · P. auritum (False Kava-Kava) · P. auritum 'Hoja Santa' (Hoja Santa Pepper) · P. austrosinense (South China Pepper) · P. bambusifolium (Bamboo-Leaved Pepper Plant) · P. betel (Betel Pepper) · P. betle (Betel Leaf) · P. blattarum (Moth Pepper) · P. boehmeriifolium (False Nettle-Leaved Pepper Plant) · P. cubeba (Cubeb) · P. dilatatum (Higuillo) · P. distachyon (Montane Peperomia) · P. glabrescens (Guyanese Pepper) · P. guineense (Pepper) · P. hainanense (Hainan Pepper) · P. hispidum (Jamaican Pepper) · P. jacquemontianum (Caracas Pepper) · P. kadsura (Kadzura Pepper) · P. kadzura (Japanese Pepper) · P. longifolium (Pepper) · P. longum (Indian Long Pepper) · P. magnificum (Lacquered Pepper) · P. magnoliifolium (Spoonleaf Peperomia) · P. marginatum (Marigold Pepper) · P. methysticum (Kava) · P. nigrum (Black Pepper) · P. ornatum (Celebes Pepper) · P. pereskiifolium (Spotted Trunkfish) · P. ponapense (Pepper) · P. puberulum (Downy Pepper) · P. retrofractum (Balinese Pepper) · P. sarmentosum (Chaa-Plu) · P. seychellarum (Seychelles Pepper) · P. swartzianum (Spanish Elder) · P. wichmannii (False Kava (Vanuatu))

More Info

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Further Reading

• 1997 IUCN red list of threatened plants Cambridge: IUCN, World Conservation Union, 1998 url p. 449.
• An annotated catalogue of types of the University of Illinois mycological collections (ILL) / Urbana: University of Illinois Press, c1997. url p. 165.
• Annual report Missouri Botanical Garden. 9 1898 St. Louis: Board of Trustees, 1890-1912. url p. 119.
• Biologia centrali-americana; or, Contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America. London, Pub. for the editors by R. H. Porter and Dulau & co., 1879-88. url .
• Botanical abstracts. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co. url p. 52.
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: The Museum, 1951-1992. url p. 119, p. 121, p. 122, p. 123, p. 124, p. 157.
• Bulletin of the Natural History Museum. London: The Natural History Museum, c1993-2002. url p. 1, p. 26, p. 27, p. 29, p. 5, p. 6.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 50 2004 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 105, p. 110, p. 113, p. 118, p. 124, p. 143, p. 152, p. 154, p. 1647, p. 40, p. 44, p. 52, p. 61, p. 62, p. 81, p. 94, p. 96.
• Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium. 8 1942 Ann Arbor: University Herbarium, University of Michigan, 1939- url p. 23.
• Flora Costaricensis. William Burger, editor. Family #40, Casuarinaceae, Family #41, PIperaceae [by] William Burger. 35 1971 Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, 1971. url fig. 14 , fig. 12 , fig. 13 , p. 106, p. 107, p. 109, p. 112, p. 117, p. 119, p. 128, p. 129, p. 131, p. 142, p. 143, p. 158, p. 164, p. 169, p. 170, p. 176, p. 191, p. 192, p. 193, p. 213, p. 214, p. 215, p. 218, p. 96.
• Flora of Costa Rica. .. by Paul C. Standley. .. 18 1937 Chicago, 1937. url p. 330.
• Flora of Guatemala / Paul C. Standley and Julian A. Steyermark. 24 1952 Chicago: Chicago Natural History Museum, 1952. url p. 323.
• Illinois biological monographs. Urbana, Univ. of Illinois Press. url p. 500, p. 535, p. 63, p. 69.
• Journal of ethnobiology. 17 1997 Flagstaff, Ariz.: Center for Western Studies, 1981- url p. 208.
• Mammals of Panama (with thirty-nine plates) by Edward A. Goldman. City of Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1920. url p. 35.
• Materials for a flora of Formosa: supplementary notes to the Enumeratio plantarum Formosanarum and Flora montana Formosae / by B. Hayata. Tokyo, 1911 url p. 234.
• Morphological studies of the genus Cercospora, Urbana, Ill., 1930 url p. 63, p. 69.
• Novon a journal of botanical nomenclature from the Missouri Botanical Garden. 17 2007 St. Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical Garden, url p. 15, p. 195.
• Occasional papers of the California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco: California Academy of Sciences, url p. 43.
• Phytologia memoirs. Plainfield, N.J.: H.N. Moldenke and A.L. Moldenke, 1980- url p. 116.
• The Journal of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture. San Juan: [Board of Commissioners of Agriculture, 1917]. url p. 242.
• The genus Meliola in Porto Rico, including descriptions of sixty-two new species and varieties and a synopsis of all known Porto Rican forms. With five plates. By Frank Lincoln Stevens. Urbana, University of Illinois, 1916 url p. 32, p. 67.
• Torreya. Burlington, Vt., Torrey Botanical Club, 1901-1945. url p. 202.
• Trees and shrubs of Mexico / By Paul C. Standley. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1920-1926. url p. 154, p. 1647.
• Tseng Yung-chien, Chen Pei-shan & Zhu Pei-zhi. 1982. Piperaceae. In: Tseng Yung-chien, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 20(1): 11-78.
• Tseng Yung-chien, Chen Pei-shan & Zhu Pei-zhi. 1982. Piperaceae. In: Tseng Yung-chien, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 20(1): 11-78.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 15, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 15, 2007:

• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Herbier de la Guyane, Herbier de la Guyane
• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
• , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2645215
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-18307
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13729475
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:681675-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 417544
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 18307
• MoBot NameID: 25001135
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PISC
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 54243

Footnotes

1. Yung-chien Tseng, Nianhe Xia & Michael G. Gilbert "Piperaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 4 Page 110. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Piper". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 361.390 meters (1,185.663 feet), Standard Deviation = 645.850 based on 868 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.