Phytolacca dodecandra

• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Description

Family Phytolaccaceae

Herbs or shrubs , rarely trees , erect , rarely scandent , mostly glabrous , rarely dioecious. Leaves simple , alternate, entire; stipules absent or tiny. Inflorescences terminal , axillary , or leaf-opposed, racemose, cymose , panicled , or spicate . Flowers small, bisexual or rarely unisexual , actinomorphic , rarely zygomorphic. Tepals 4 or 5, persistent , free or connate at base , equal or unequal, imbricate in bud, green or sometimes other colored . Stamens 4 to many, inserted on a fleshy disk; filaments usually persistent, free or slightly connate at base; anthers 2-loculed, dorsifixed , longitudinally dehiscent . Ovary superior, globose ; carpels 1 to many, free or connate; ovule solitary in each carpel, basal, campylotropous. Styles persistent, short or absent, erect or curved , as many as carpels. Fruit fleshy, a berry or drupe, rarely a capsule. Seeds reniform or oblate , small; testa membranous or hard and fragile, smooth or wrinkly; embryo large, curved, surrounding copious mealy endosperm.

Seventeen genera and ca. 70 species: widespread in tropical and temperate regions , especially in the neotropics and S Africa; two genera (one introduced ) and five species (one endemic, two introduced) in China.[1]

Genus Phytolacca

Herbs [shrubs or trees ], perennial . Leaves alternate. Inflorescences axillary , terminal , or leaf-opposed racemes or spikes, 5-100-flowered, proximalmost pedicels sometimes bearing more than 1 flower. Flowers: sepals 5-8; stamens (7-) 8-25(-30), sometimes in 1-2 whorls; carpels 6-12(-30), distinct or connate at least proximally; if connate, ovary 6-12-loculed; style and stigma 1 per carpel. Fruits either oblate berries , style persisting in ring at apex, or group of lenticular achenes. Seeds 6-12(-30) per berry or 1 per achene.

Species ca. 25: North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, Eurasia , Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia.[2]

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,622 meters (0 to 5,322 feet).[3]

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Stirp. nov. 143, t. 69. 1791

Name verified on 20-Mar-1995 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 26-Feb-2001

Similar Species

Members of the genus Phytolacca

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 88 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

P. abyssinica · P. acinosa · P. acuminata · P. altamiranii · P. americana (American Pokeweed) · P. americana var. americana L. · P. americana 'Melody' · P. americana 'Silberstein' (Variegated American Pokeweed) · P. americana var. americana (American Pokeweed) · P. americana var. lancifolia (Virginia Poke) · P. americana var. rigida (American Pokeweed) · P. americana 'Variegata' (Variegated American Pokeweed) · P. arborea · P. asiatica · P. australis · P. bogotensis (Southern Pokeweed) · P. brachystachys · P. carica · P. chilensis · P. clavigera · P. costaricensis · P. cyclopetala · P. decandra · P. decandra var. americana (Pokeweeds) · P. dioica (Beautiful Shade) · P. dioica x weberbaueri (Ombu Tree) · P. dodecandra (Pokeweed) · P. drastica · P. elongata · P. esculenta · P. esquirolii · P. gigantea · P. goudotii · P. gracilis · P. heptandra · P. heteropetala (Mexican Pokeweed) · P. heterotepala · P. hunanensis · P. icosandra (Tropical Pokeweed) · P. icosandra 'Berkeley Gold' · P. icosandra var. angustitepala · P. icosandra var. sessiliflora · P. insularis · P. japonica · P. javanica · P. kaempferi · P. latbenia · P. littoralis · P. longespica · P. lutea · P. macrostachya · P. malabarica · P. mexicana · P. meziana · P. micrantha · P. molleri · P. nova-hispania · P. nutans · P. octandra (Himalayan Pokeweed) · P. octandra var. angustifolia · P. parviflora · P. pekinensis · P. polyandra (Chinese Pokeweed) · P. polystigma · P. populifolia · P. pruinosa · P. purpurascens · P. resediformis · P. rigida · P. rigida var. rigida · P. rivinoides (Venezuelan Pokeweed) · P. rugosa · P. sandwicensis (Hawai'i Pokeweed) · P. sanguinea · P. scandens · P. sessiliflora · P. stricta · P. tetramera · P. thrysiflora · P. thyeiflora · P. thyrsiflora · P. tibetica · P. triquetra · P. variegated · P. venezuelensis · P. volubilis · P. vulgaris · P. weberbaueri

More Info

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Further Reading

• Abbiw, D. K. 1990. Useful plants of Ghana. (Use Pl Ghana)
• African invertebrates: a journal of biodiversity research. Pietermaritzburg, South Africa: Council of the Natal Museum, [2001- ENG url p. 436.
• Arnold, T. H. & B. C. De Wet, eds. 1993. Plants of southern Africa: names and distribution. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa no. 62. (Pl SAfr)
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: The Museum, 1951-1992. ENG url p. 341.
• Burkill, H. M. 1985–2004. The useful plants of west tropical Africa. (Use Pl WT Afr)
• Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960–. Flora zambesiaca. (F Zamb)
• International catalogue of scientific literature. London: Published for the International Council by the Royal Society of London, 1902-1919. ENG url p. 421.
• Journal of shellfish research. [S.l.: National Shellfisheries Association, 1981- url p. 256, p. 361, p. 365.
• Just's botanischer jahresbericht. Systematisch geordnetes repertorium der botanischen literatur aller länder. Berlin, Gebr. Borntraeger, 1874-98; GER url p. 336, p. 735.
• Krochmal, A. & P. W. LeQuesne. 1970. U.S.D.A. Forest Serv. Res. Paper NE-177. 1.
• Padua, L. S. de et al., eds. 1999. Medicinal and poisonous plants 1. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). (Pl Res SEAs) 12(1):396.
• Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature and the Arts. London. url p. 158, p. 426, p. 59.
• Symbolae Antillanae, seu, Fundamenta florae Indiae Occidentalis / edidit Ignatius Urban. Berolini: Fratres Borntraeger, 1898-1928. GER url p. 229.
• Synopsis plantarum; seu, Enumeratio systematica plantarum plerumque adhuc cognitarum cum differentiis specificis et synonymis selectis ad modum Persoonii elaborata, auctore David Dietrich. Vimariae, B. F. Voigtii, 1839-1852. LAT url p. 1628.
• Troupin, G. 1978–. Flore du Rwanda. (F Rwanda)
• Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952–. Flora of tropical East Africa. (F TE Afr)
• Wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der Deutschen Zentral-Africa-Expedition, 1907-1908: unter Führung Adolf Friedrichs, herzogs zu Mecklenburg. Leipzig: Klinkhardt & Biermann, 1910- ENG url p. 204.
• Lu Dequan. 1996. Phytolaccaceae. In: Tang Changlin, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 29: 1420.
• Lu Dequan. 1996. Phytolaccaceae. In: Tang Changlin, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 29: 1420.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 27, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 4 providers.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 30, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 27, 2007:

• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2670548
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-506583
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13764137
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:676350-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 28257
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 506583
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 676349-1
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PHDO5
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 53124

Footnotes

1. Dequan Lu & Kai Larsen "Phytolaccaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 435. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Phytolacca". in Flora of North America Vol. 4 Page 3, 4, 6. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 1,025.750 meters (3,365.322 feet), Standard Deviation = 392.680 based on 73 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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