Physalis alkekengi

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Solanaceae

Herbs, shrubs , small trees , or climbers . Stems sometimes prickly, rarely thorny; hairs simple , branched, or stellate , sometimes glandular . Leaves alternate, solitary or paired , simple or pinnately compound , without stipules; leaf blade entire, dentate , lobed , or divided . Inflorescences terminal , overtopped by continuing axes, appearing axillary , extra-axillary , or leaf opposed, often apparently umbellate , racemose, paniculate , clustered, or solitary flowers, rarely true cymes, sometimes bracteate . Flowers mostly bisexual , usually regular, 5-merous, rarely 4- or 6-9-merous. Calyx mostly lobed. Petals united . Stamens as many as corolla lobes and alternate with them, inserted within corolla, all alike or 1 or more reduced; anthers dehiscing longitudinally or by apical pores . Ovary 2-5-locular; placentation mostly axile ; ovules usually numerous . Style 1. Fruiting calyx often becoming enlarged, mostly persistent . Fruit a berry or capsule. Seeds with copious endosperm; embryo mostly curved .

About 95 genera with 2300 species: best represented in western tropical America, widespread in temperate and tropical regions ; 20 genera (ten introduced ) and 101 species in China.

Some species of Solanaceae are known in China only by plants cultivated in ornamental or specialty gardens: Atropa belladonna Linnaeus, Cyphomandra betacea (Cavanilles) Sendtner, Brugmansia suaveolens (Willdenow) Berchtold & Presl, Nicotiana alata Link & Otto, and Solanum jasminoides Paxton.[1]

Genus Physalis

Herbs annual or perennial , glabrous or pubescent with simple hairs . Leaves mostly equal, sometimes paired , simple, petiolate ; leaf blade membranous, entire, denticulate or sinuate . Inflorescences solitary flowers in leaf axils or branch forks. Flowers actinomorphic , 5-merous. Calyx campanulate . Corolla yellow or white, often with a contrasting eye, rotate or rotate-campanulate, subentire or lobed . Stamens shorter than corolla, inserted at base of corolla tube ; filaments sometimes expanded at base; anthers dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary 2-locular, ovules numerous . Stigma minutely 2-lobed. Fruiting calyx becoming enlarged, inflated , entirely enveloping fruit, membranous or leathery, with 5 or l0 longitudinal ribs , base often invaginated . Fruit a juicy globose berry. Seeds numerous, compressed , discoid or reniform , minutely pitted ; embryo coiled, subperipheral.

About 75 species: mostly in the Americas, a few in Asia and Europe; six species in China.

The genus embraces many species from the New World that have green fruiting calyces, and several have been introduced to China. Many Chinese collections with green fruiting calyces could not be determined, and their identity is to be sought among the more than 70 species distributed in various parts of the New World, a task for future workers.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,438 meters (0 to 4,718 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 24-36" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Sp. pl. 1:183. 1753

Name verified on 02-Oct-1995 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 01-Dec-2006

Similar Species

Members of the genus Physalis

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 468 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

P. abyssinica · P. acuminata · P. acutifolia (Sharp-Leaf Ground Cherry) · P. adulterina · P. aequata · P. aggregata · P. alkebengi · P. alkeckengi · P. alkekengi (Strawberry Ground Cherry) · P. alkekengi L. var. alkekengi · P. alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino · P. alkekengi 'Gigantea' (Strawberry Ground Cherry) · P. alkekengi 'Jumbo' · P. alkekengi var. digitalifolia · P. alkekengi var. franchetii · P. alkekengi var. franchetii dwarf · P. alkekengi var. franchetii 'Gigantea' · P. alkekengi var. franchetii 'Gnome' (Chinese Lantern) · P. alkekengi var. franchetii monstrous form · P. alkekengi var. franchetii 'Variegata' · P. alkekengi 'Vertita' · P. allogona · P. alpini · P. alvarisii · P. ambigua · P. amica · P. amphitricha · P. ampla · P. angulata (Tooth-Leaved Bladder Cherry) · P. angulata f. linkiana · P. angulata f. ramosissima · P. angulata f. tenuis · P. angulata var. angulata · P. angulata var. dubia · P. angulata var. linkiana · P. angulata var. normalis · P. angulata var. philadelphica · P. angulata var. ramosissima · P. angulata var. villosa · P. angustifolia (Coastal Groundcherry) · P. angustiloba · P. angustior · P. angustiphysa · P. arborescens · P. arenaria · P. arenicola (Cypresshead Groundcherry) · P. aristata · P. atriplicifolia · P. barbadensis · P. barbadensis obscura · P. begonifolia · P. bodinieri · P. brasiliensis · P. bulbosa · P. bunyardii · P. calidaria · P. campanula · P. campanulata · P. campechiana · P. campechiensis · P. capsicifolia · P. cardiophylla · P. carnosa · P. carpenteri (Carpenter's Groundcherry) · P. carpenterii · P. caudella (Southwestern Groundcherry) · P. caudella var. parva · P. cavaleriei · P. chamaesarachoides · P. chamaesarchoides · P. chamaesarchoides var. multiflorifer · P. chenopodifolia · P. chenopodifolia f. immaculata · P. chenopodifolia var. glandulosa · P. chenopodiifolia · P. chimalteca · P. ciliata · P. ciliosa · P. cinera · P. cinerascens (Smallflower Groundcherry) · P. cinerascens (Dunal) A.S.Hitchc. var. cinerascens (Dunal) A.S.Hitchc. · P. cinerascens var. cinerascens (Smallflower Groundcherry) · P. cinerascens var. spathulaefolia · P. cinerascens var. spathulifolia (Smallflower Groundcherry) · P. cinerea · P. clarionensis · P. comata · P. cordata (Heartleaf Groundcherry) · P. cordifolia · P. corymbosa · P. costomatl · P. coztomatl · P. crassifolia (Yellow Nightshade Groundcherry) · P. crassifolia cardiophylla · P. crassifolia f. muriculata · P. crassifolia var. crassifolia (Yellow Nightshade Groundcherry) · P. crassifolia var. infundibularis · P. crassifolia var. versicolor (Yellow Nightshade Groundcherry) · P. crenata · P. cuneata

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Further Reading

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Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 17, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 24 providers.
• "Physalis alkekengi". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 311. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 30, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 17, 2007:

• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
• Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, GEO Biodiversity Day
• Bundesamt für Naturschutz / Zentralstelle für Phytodiversität Deutschland, Bundesamt fuer Naturschutz / Zentralstelle fuer Phytodiversitaet Deutschland
• Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien, Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Botany
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Plants
• Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Vienna, Institute for Botany - Herbarium WU, Herbarium WU

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2653658
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-30589
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14383537
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:817317-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 102387
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 30589
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PHAL5
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 55989

Footnotes

1. Zhi-Yun Zhang, Anmin Lu & William G. D'Arcy "Solanaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 300. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Physalis". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 311. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 211.230 meters (693.012 feet), Standard Deviation = 176.010 based on 1,487 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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