Overview
Interesting Facts
Description
Family Ulmaceae
Trees
or shrubs
, evergreen
or deciduous. Winter buds
with scales
, rarely naked; axillary buds developed; terminal
bud usually dying back early. Stipules usually membranous, caducous
. Leaves simple
, alternate or rarely opposite, usually distichous, petiolate
; leaf blade
pinnately veined, basally 3(or 5) -veined, margin
entire or serrate. Inflorescences axillary
. Flowers monochlamydeous
, bisexual
, or rarely unisexual
or polygamous. Perianth lobes
4-9, imbricate or rarely valvate
, persistent
or caducous. Stamens usually equal in number to and opposite perianth lobes, opposite, basally adnate
to tepals; filaments
distinct
; anthers
2-celled, longitudinally fissured
. Pistil 2-carpellate; ovary superior, 1(or 2) -loculed; ovule 1, suspended, anatropous
; integuments 2. Style very short; stigmas 2, linear
. Fruit samara, drupes, or winged
nutlets
, apically usually with persistent stigmas. Endosperm scanty or absent; embryo erect
, curved
, or involute
; cotyledons flat, curved, or flexed. Seedling epigeous.
About 16 genera and ca.
230 species: widespread in temperate
and tropical
areas; eight genera (one endemic) and 46 species (23 endemic) in China.
Recent research strongly suggests that the subfamily
Celtidoideae (Aphananthe, Celtis, Gironniera, Pteroceltis, and Trema) is not the closest relative of the subfamily Ulmoideae (Hemiptelea, Ulmus, and Zelkova) . It would probably be more accurate to exclude Celtidoideae from Ulmaceae, and move it to Cannabaceae, rather than treating it as a separate family
, Celtidaceae. More data are needed before a stable, new classification of the Urticales can be produced
. Until these data are available, it is more practical to retain the traditional circumscription of Ulmaceae.
Most species of this family yield fine timber, the cortex is a good substitute for hemp
, the fruit are edible, and the seed oil
is used medicinally and industrially. Many species of Ulmaceae are cultivated, and it is not always certain whether specimens are from wild or cultivated plants
.[1]
Habitat
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,458 meters (0 to 8,064 feet).[2]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Rosidae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Urticanae
()
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order:
Rosales
()
- Perleb, 1826
- Family:
Ulmaceae
()
- Mirbel, 1815
- elms
- Genus:
Phyllostylon
()
- Capanema ex Bentham & J.D. Hooker, 1880
- Specific epithet:
rhamnoides
- (J.Poiss.) Taub.
- Botanical name: - Phyllostylon rhamnoides (J.Poiss.) Taub.
- Specific epithet:
rhamnoides
- (J.Poiss.) Taub.
- Genus:
Phyllostylon
(
- Family:
Ulmaceae
(
- Order:
Rosales
(
- Superorder:
Urticanae
(
- Subclass:
Rosidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Synonyms
Samaroceltis rhamnoides J.Poiss.
Notes
Basionym
: Ulmaceae Samaroceltis rhamnoides J.Poiss.
Basionym author: (J.Poiss.)
Similar Species
Members of the genus Phyllostylon
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 0 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
More Info
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Further Reading
- Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. url p. 180, p. 477, p. 630.
- Contributions to the flora of Venezuela / Julian A. Steyermark and collaborators. 28 1957 Chicago, Ill.: Chicago Natural History Museum, 1957. url p. 887.
- Flora of Guatemala, by Paul C. Standley and J.A. Steyermark. 24 1946 Chicago, 1946- url p. 7.
- Hawaiian Pittospora. Some Mexican Coreopsideae. A note on Xylosma hawaiiense Seem. By Earl Edward Sherff. Chicago, 1942 url p. 589.
- Occasional papers of the California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco: California Academy of Sciences, url p. 50.
- Phytologia memoirs. Plainfield, N.J.: H.N. Moldenke and A.L. Moldenke, 1980- url p. 120.
- Science. New York, N.Y.: [s.n.]1880- url p. 266.
- Studies of Central American plants. by Paul C. Standley and Julian A. Steyermark. 22 1940 Chicago, [Ill.]: Field Museum of Natural History, [1940] url p. 328.
- The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests: the Americas IUCN url p. 103.
- Fu Likuo, Chen Chiajui & Tang Yancheng. 1998. Ulmaceae. In: Chun Woonyong & Huang Chengchiu, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 22: 334, 413.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 16, 2012.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed December 05, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 3 providers.
- The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Dec 27, 2011.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (May 04, 2008)
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 05, 2007:
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5919768
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15886796
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:855199-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 438819
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 1144090-1
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1036212
Footnotes
- Liguo Fu, Yiqun Xin & Alan Whittemore "Ulmaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Mean = 250.350 meters (821.358 feet), Standard Deviation = 823.850 based on 82 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
