Phyla nodiflora

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Verbenaceae

Shrubs or trees , sometimes climbing shrubs, rarely herbs. Indumentum of simple , stellate , and/or other complex hairs . Leaves opposite or rarely whorled , without stipules, simple or 3-foliolate, less often palmately [or pinnately] compound . Inflorescences terminal or axillary , racemose, cymose , spicate , or thyrses . Flowers bisexual or polygamous by abortion , zygomorphic or rarely actinomorphic . Calyx persistent . Corolla 4- or 5- or more lobed ; lobes usually spreading , aestivation overlapping. Fertile stamens inserted on corolla tube , alternate with lobes; filaments free ; anthers dorsifixed , 1- or 2-locular, dehiscing by longitudinal slits or sometimes a circular pore . Ovary entire or 4-grooved, 2-8-locular; ovules 1 or 2 per locule, erect or pendulous. Style terminal, simple, entire or 2-cleft. Fruit a drupe or indehiscent capsule, sometimes breaking up into nutlets . Seeds (1 or) 2-4, endosperm usually absent, seed coat thin; embryo straight, as long as seed; radicle short, inferior.

Some 91 genera and ca. 2000 species: primarily tropical and subtropical , 20 genera and 182 species in China.

The classification of Verbenaceae is in a state of flux, especially regarding its relationship to Lamiaceae. There is evidence to suggest a significant division between members of subfamily Verbenoideae, genera 1-5 in this account, and the remaining genera, including genera 6-20, which for convenience are here referred to as subfamily Viticoideae s.l. The latter are more closely allied to each other and to genera traditionally kept within Lamiaceae (including genera 1-8 in this Flora ) . Avicennia is often placed in a family of its own, but its affinities are clearly with Viticoideae, especially genera 17-19 in this account which have traditionally been placed in a separate subfamily, Symphorematoideae.[1]

Genus Phyla

Herbs. Branches usually acutely 4-angled, sometimes spiny , hirsute , glandular . Leaves opposite. Inflorescences terminal , spicate or capitate, elongated in fruit; bracts obovate . Flowers small. Calyx membranous, 2-lipped, 4-lobed. Corolla sometimes 2-lipped; lobes 5, spreading . Stamens 4, didynamous , inserted on distal part of corolla tube , included . Ovary 2-locular; ovule 1 per locule. Style short; stigma capitate. Capsules small, splitting into 2 1-seeded cocci.

About ten species: Africa, America, and Asia; one species in China.

Phyla has often been combined with Lippia but differs in characters such as herbaceous habit, elongated infructescences, and obovate bracts.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Common weed along streambanks and in grassy places; 300-2300 m (Ref. 101862).

Ecology: The plant is a marshy herb grows in open and wet places near streams , ponds , paddy fields , ditches, backwaters , brackish water (B . Sadasivaiah pers. comm. , M .K.V. Rao pers. comm. , G.K.Bhat pers. comm.).[3].

List of Habitats :

•     5     Wetlands (inland)   
  
•     5.4     Wetlands (inland) - Bogs , Marshes, Swamps , Fens , Peatlands   
  
•     5.7     Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)   
  
•     5.8     Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)   
  
•     15     Artificial/Aquatic & Marine   
  
•     15.9     Artificial/Aquatic - Canals and Drainage Channels , Ditches   
[more info]

Biology

Growth

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 8.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Blairia nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. • Lippia canescens Kunth • Lippia incisa (Small) Tidestrom • Lippia nodiflora • Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx. • Lippia nodiflora (Linnaeus) Michaux. • Lippia nodiflora var. canescens (Kunth) Kuntze • Lippia nodiflora var. reptans (Kunth) Kuntze • Lippia nodiflora var. rosea (D. Don) Munz • Lippia reptans Kunth • Phyla incisa Small • Phyla nodiflora var. antillana Moldenke • Phyla nodiflora var. canescens (Kunth) Moldenke • Phyla nodiflora var. incisa (Small) Moldenke • Phyla nodiflora var. longifolia Moldenke • Phyla nodiflora var. repens (Spreng.) Moldenke • Phyla nodiflora var. reptans (Kunth) Moldenke • Phyla nodiflora var. rosea (D. Don) Moldenke • Phyla nodiflora var. texensis Moldenke • Verbena nodiflora L. • Verbena nodiflora Linnaeus • Zapania nodiflora (L.) Lam.

Notes

Publishing author : Greene Publication : Pittonia iv . 46


[3].

Similar Species

Members of the genus Phyla

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 15 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

P. cuneifolia (Fogfruit) · P. dulcis (Beukessboss (South Africa)) · P. fruticosa (Diamondleaf Fogfruit) · P. intermedia (Intermediate Fogfruit) · P. lanceolata (Capeweed) · P. lappulacea (Catstongue) · P. nodiflora (Turkey Tangle Frogfruit) · P. nodiflora (L.) Greene var. nodiflora (Turkey-Tangle Frogfruit) · P. nodiflora 'Alba' (Alba Turkey Tanglefoot Fogfruit) · P. scaberrima (Aztec Sweet Herb) · P. stoechadifolia (Matchsticks) · P. strigulosa (Diamondleaf Fogfruit) · P. strigulosa var. sericea (Diamondleaf Fogfruit) · P. strigulosa var. strigulosa (Diamondleaf Fogfruit) · P. × intermedia (Intermediate Fogfruit)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A flora of California, by Willis Linn Jepson. San Francisco, Calif., Cunningham, Curtis & Welch, 1909- url p. 384.
• An illustrated flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Stanford University, Stanford University Press, 1923-[60] url p. 613, p. 616.
• Aquatic and wetland plants of southwestern United States, by Donovan S. Correll and Helen B. Correll. [Washington]Environmental Protection Agency; [For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.]1972. url p. 1405.
• Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1902- url p. 128.
• Catalog of hymenoptera in America north of Mexico / prepared cooperatively by specialists on the various groups of Hymenoptera under the direction of Karl V. Krombein. .. [et al.]. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979- url , p. 1943, p. 2054, p. 2075.
• Catalogue of the African plants collected by Dr. Friedrich Welwitsch in 1853-61. .. London, Printed by order of the Trustees, 1896-1901. url p. 543.
• Flora of Guatemala / Paul C. Standley and Louis O. Williams. 24 1970 Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, 1970. url p. 212.
• Flora of Japan: in English: combined, much revised and extended translation / by the author of his Flora of Japan (1953) and Flora of Japan, Pteridophyta (1957); edited by Frederick G. Meyer and Egbert H. Walker. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1965. url p. 763.
• Flora of Miami; being descriptions of the seed-plants growing naturally on the Everglade Keys and in the adjacent Everglades, southern peninsular Florida. New York, The author, 1913. url p. 159, p. 159.
• Flora of the Florida Keys: being descriptions of the seed-plants growing naturally on the islands of the Florida reef from Virginia Key to Dry Tortugas / by John Kunkel Small. New York, J.K. Small, 1913. url p. 129.
• Flora of the Florida Keys; being descriptions of the seed-plants growing naturally on the islands of the Florida reef from Virginia Key to Dry Tortugas. New York, The author, 1913. url p. 129.
• Flora of the Florida keys; being descriptions of the see-plants growing naturally on the islands of the Florida reef from Virginia key to Dry Tortugas, by John Kunkel Small. .. New York: The author, 1913. url p. 129.
• Flora of the southeastern United States; being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, and in Oklahom by John Kunkel Small. New York, The author, 1913. url p. 1012, p. 1012.
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. 1987 [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. url p. 640.
• IUCN Directory of South Asian Protected Areas IUCN url p. 153, p. 171, p. 290.
• Journal of ethnobiology. 17 1997 Flagstaff, Ariz.: Center for Western Studies, 1981- url p. 211.
• Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. Washington [etc., Washington Academy of Sciences] url p. 240.
• Leaflets of western botany. San Fransisco:[J. T. Howell], 1932-1966. url p. 230.
• Manual of the southeastern flora: being descriptions of the seed plants growing naturally in Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, eastern Louisiana, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. 1933 New York: The author, 1933. url p. 1139.
• North American fauna. Washington: Fish and Wildlife Service; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U. S. Govt. Print. Off. url p. 27, p. 27.
• Occasional papers - San Diego Society of Natural History. 1949 San Diego, The Society. url p. 121, p. 121.
• Occasional papers of the California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco: California Academy of Sciences, url p. 51.
• Papers from the Tortugas Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1908-42. url p. 128.
• Phytologia memoirs. Plainfield, N.J.: H.N. Moldenke and A.L. Moldenke, 1980- url p. 101, p. 102, p. 111, p. 118, p. 12, p. 129, p. 135, p. 14, p. 16, p. 160, p. 175, p. 18, p. 183, p. 189, p. 193, p. 195, p. 196, p. 197, p. 198, p. 199, p. 20, p. 200, p. 202, p. 203, p. 204, p. 211, p. 213, p. 216, p. 222, p. 224, p. 23, p. 234, p. 239, p. 241, p. 245, p. 246, p. 247, p. 250, p. 253, p. 254, p. 255, p. 256, p. 257, p. 26, p. 263, p. 266, p. 267, p. 268, p. 273, p. 274, p. 275, p. 281, p. 283, p. 286, p. 293, p. 301, p. 303, p. 308, p. 310, p. 311, p. 316, p. 32, p. 321, p. 322, p. 327, p. 331, p. 332, p. 337, p. 340, p. 358, p. 373, p. 375, p. 40, p. 417, p. 419, p. 42, p. 421, p. 431, p. 435, p. 44, p. 452, p. 454, p. 456, p. 46, p. 49, p. 56, p. 566, p. 57, p. 58, p. 69, p. 70, p. 72, p. 76, p. 77, p. 78, p. 81, p. 84, p. 86, p. 87, p. 90, p. 92, p. 94, p. 96, p. 97, p. 98.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 109, p. 109, p. 119, p. 121, p. 126, p. 129, p. 131, p. 132, p. 133, p. 134, p. 135, p. 135, p. 136, p. 137, p. 138, p. 138, p. 139, p. 141, p. 158, p. 170, p. 176, p. 186, p. 187, p. 188, p. 191, p. 193, p. 194, p. 195, p. 196, p. 197, p. 206, p. 22, p. 230, p. 231, p. 232, p. 232, p. 233, p. 234, p. 235, p. 238, p. 241, p. 243, p. 248, p. 249, p. 250, p. 252, p. 253, p. 257, p. 257, p. 259, p. 261, p. 262, p. 263, p. 266, p. 267, p. 268, p. 275, p. 28, p. 283, p. 285, p. 289, p. 293, p. 294, p. 296, p. 31, p. 329, p. 33, p. 330, p. 333, p. 333, p. 335, p. 337, p. 337, p. 339, p. 34, p. 340, p. 341, p. 341, p. 342, p. 347, p. 349, p. 35, p. 357, p. 36, p. 36, p. 360, p. 363, p. 366, p. 368, p. 37, p. 370, p. 374, p. 375, p. 375, p. 375, p. 376, p. 377, p. 377, p. 377, p. 387, p. 412, p. 415, p. 419, p. 423, p. 428, p. 429, p. 430, p. 433, p. 433, p. 438, p. 44, p. 442, p. 446, p. 449, p. 450, p. 450, p. 451, p. 452, p. 452, p. 453, p. 466, p. 478, p. 479, p. 481, p. 485, p. 507, p. 73, p. 74, p. 76, p. 86, p. 95, p. 97, p. 98.
• Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Washington, etc.: Entomological Society of Washington url p. 620.
• Small, J. K. Flora of the southeastern United States;being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolin, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana and the Indian territory and in Oklahoma and Texas east of the one-hundredth meridian /by John Kunkel Small. .. 1903 New York: The author, 1903. url p. 1011.
• The Bahama flora, New York, The Authors, 1920. url .
• The Bahama flora, by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Charles Frederick Millspaugh. New York, The authors, 1920. url p. 368, p. 368, p. 368, p. 368, p. 686, p. 686, p. 686.
• The Great Basin naturalist. 41 1981 Provo, Utah: M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, 1939-1999. url p. 54, p. 97.
• The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 1889, p. 3631.
• The vegetation of south Florida south of 27 30 north, exclusive of the Florida keys, by John W. Harshberger. Philadelphia, Wagner Free Institute of Science, 1914. url p. 166, p. 67, p. 79, p. 82.
• Transactions of the Wagner Free Institute of Science of Philadelphia. 7 1910 Philadelphia: Wagner Free Institute of Science of Philadelphia, 1887-1927. url p. 166, p. 67, p. 79, p. 82.
• Tulane studies in zoology and botany. 24 1983 New Orleans: Tulane University, [1968- url p. 126.
• Wrightia. 7 1981-1984 Richardson, Tex. [etc.]University of Texas at Dallas. url p. 213, p. 240.
• P'ei Chien & Chen Shou-liang, eds. 1982. Verbenaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 65(1): 1-229.
• P'ei Chien & Chen Shou-liang, eds. 1982. Verbenaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 65(1): 1-229.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 12, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 24, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
• Gupta, A.K., Sadasivaiah, B. & Bhat, G.K. 2011. Phyla nodiflora. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 03February2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• "Phyla nodiflora". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 3. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Dec 27, 2011.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 29, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 15, 2007:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
• Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Virtual Herbarium Darwin Core format
• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
• , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
• Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Israel Nature and Parks Authority
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• National Herbarium of New South Wales, NSW herbarium collection
• National Herbarium of New South Wales, Plants of Papua New Guinea
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• Taiwan Biodiversity Information Facility, Magnoliophyta
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
• University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
• Utah Valley State College
• , Utah Valley State College Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2654937
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-32197
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13746473
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:88141-3
• GRIN Nomen Number: 101146
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 32197
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 88141-3
• IUCN ID: 232279
• MoBot NameID: 33700038
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PHNOT
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 47499

Footnotes

1. Shou-liang Chen & Michael G. Gilbert "Verbenaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Phyla". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 3. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Gupta, A.K., Sadasivaiah, B. & Bhat, G.K. 2011. Phyla nodiflora. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 03 February 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.