Photinia villosa

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Rosaceae

Trees , shrubs , or herbs, deciduous or evergreen . Stems erect , scandent , arching , prostrate , or creeping , armed or unarmed . Buds usually with several exposed scales , sometimes with only 2. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple or compound ; stipules paired , free or adnate to petiole , rarely absent, persistent or deciduous; petiole usually 2-glandular apically; leaf blade often serrate at margin , rarely entire. Inflorescences various, from single flowers to umbellate , corymbose , racemose or cymose-paniculate. Flowers usually actinomorphic , bisexual , rarely unisexual and then plants dioecious. Hypanthium (formed from basal parts of sepals, petals, and stamens) free from or adnate to ovary, short or elongate . Sepals usually 5, rarely fewer or more, imbricate; epicalyx segments sometimes also present. Petals as many as sepals, inserted below margin of disk, free, imbricate, sometimes absent. Disk lining hypanthium, usually entire, rarely lobed . Stamens usually numerous , rarely few, always in a complete ring at margin of or above disk; filaments usually free, very rarely connate ; anthers small, didymous , rarely elongate, 2-locular. Carpels 1 to many, free, or ± connate and then adnate to inner surface of cupular receptacle; ovary inferior, semi-inferior, or superior; ovules usually 2 in each carpel, rarely 1 or several, anatropous , superposed . Styles as many as carpels, terminal , lateral , or basal, free or sometimes connate. Fruit a follicle, pome, achene, or drupe, rarely a capsule, naked or enclosed in persistent hypanthium and sometimes also by sepals. Seeds erect or pendulous, sometimes winged , usually exalbuminous , very rarely with thin endosperm; cotyledons mostly fleshy and convex abaxially, rarely folded or convolute.

Between 95 and 125 genera and 2825-3500 species: cosmopolitan , mostly in N temperate zone; 55 genera (two endemic) and 950 species (546 endemic) in China.

Many plants of this family are of economic importance and contribute to people s livelihoods. The Rosaceae contain a great number of fruit trees of temperate regions . The fruits contain vitamins, acids, and sugars and can be used both raw and for making preserves, jam, jelly, candy, various drinks, wine, vinegar, etc. The dried fruits of the genera

Amygdalus and Armeniaca are of high commercial value. Some plants in the genus Rosa containing essential oils or with a high vitamin content are used in industry . Rosaceae wood is used for making various articles, stems and roots are used for making tannin extract, and young leaves are used as a substitute for tea. Numerous species are used for medical purposes or are cultivated as ornamentals .

The Rosaceae are very well represented in China, with great economic and scientific importance. The Co-chairs of the Editorial Committee (Wu and Raven) here note that the patterns of relationship are complex and the group is taxonomically difficult. [1]

Genus Photinia

Trees or shrubs , deciduous or evergreen . Winter buds small; scales imbricate, few. Leaves alternate, simple , papery or leathery, venation camptodromous , margin serrate, rarely entire, shortly petiolate ; stipules present, usually subulate . Inflorescences terminal , umbellate or corymbose , rarely shortly paniculate , many flowered, sometimes flowers 2- or 3-clustered or solitary. Hypanthium cupular or campanulate to cylindric , adnate to ovary or free near apex. Sepals 5, persistent , short. Petals 5, contorted or imbricate in bud, base clawed. Stamens usually ca. 20. Carpels 2-5, rarely 1; ovary semi-inferior, (1 or) 2-5-loculed, in fruit free apically or to 1/3 length ; styles(1 or) 2-5, free or ± connate , short, dilated apically; stigmas truncate ; ovules 2 per locule, erect . Fruit a pome, globose , ovoid , or ellipsoid , somewhat fleshy , (1- or) 2-5-loculed, free from calyx only near apex or to 1/3 length, with persistent, incurved sepals; carpel crustaceous or membranous, each locule 1- or 2-seeded; seeds erect, testa leathery; cotyledons plano-convex .

About 60 species: E, S, and SE Asia, also in Mexico; 43 species (32 endemic) in China.

Wu Zhengyi (editor's note ) believes that Pourthiaea is morphologically distinct from Photinia and should be treated as a separate genus.

Many species of Photinia are ornamental trees and shrubs with large lustrous leaves and attractive white flowers in the spring followed by red fruits in the autumn. The wood is hard and heavy, suitable for making furniture and other small articles.[2]

Physical Description

Landscaping

Landscape Uses: Specimen. Border . Background. Fruit and fall color. • Liabilities: Fireblight. Leaf spot. Powdery mildew .

Habitat

Slopes , forests , thickets, stream sides, roadsides, waste places; 100--1600 m. [3].

Hardy to zone 4.

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,158 meters (0 to 3,799 feet).[4]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Transplant from B&B. Prefers well-drained, acidic soil. Full sun . Rarely needs pruning.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 4b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Photinia villosa var. typica C. K. Schneid. • Pourthiaea brunnea (H. Lév.) Nakai • Pourthiaea cotoneaster Decne. • Pourthiaea laevis var. albescens (H. Lév.) Nakai • Pourthiaea villosa var. brunnea (H. Lév.) Nakai • Pourthiaea villosa var. typica (C. K. Schneid.) Nakai • Pyrus brunnea H. Lév. (1912) • Pyrus spectabilis var. albescens H. Lév. • Sorbus Terminalis • Sorbus villosa Zabel • Stranvaesia digyna Siebold & Zucc.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Similar Species

Members of the genus Photinia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 19 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

P. beauverdiana (Photinia) · P. davidiana (Chinese Photinia) · P. davidiana 'Palette' (Chinese Photinia) · P. floribunda (Purple Chokeberry) · P. fraseri (Fraser's Photinia) · P. glabra (Japanese Photinia) · P. melanocarpa (Black Chokeberry) · P. melanocarpa var. Elata (Black Chokeberry) · P. melanocarpa 'Morton' (Black Chokeberry) · P. pyriflora (Red Chokeberry) · P. pyrifolia (Black Witch) · P. serratifolia (Chinese Hawthorn) · P. serrulata 'Aculeata' (Chinese Hawthorn) · P. villosa (Oriental Photinia) · P. x fraseri (Fraser Photinia) · P. × fraseri 'Cassini' (Pink Marble Photinia) · P. x fraseri 'Pink Marble' (Pink Marble Photinia) · P. x fraseri 'Pointe Du Raz' (Fraser Photinia) · P. x fraseri 'Red Robin' (Fraser Photinia)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A check-list of plants mentioned in the Arnold Arboretum bulletins / [compiled by Charles Downing Lay, Robert Wheelwright]. Harrisburg, Pa.: Landscape Architecture, Inc., 1919 url p. 28.
• A general system of gardening and botany. Founded upon Miller's Gardener's dictionary, and arranged according to the natural system. By George Don. London, Printed for C. J. G. and F. Rivington, 1831-38. url p. 602.
• A little garden the year round, wherein much joy was found, experience gained and profit, spiritual as well as mundane, derived without loss of prestige in a practical neighborhood. New York, E. P. Dutton & company[c1919] url .
• A preliminary catalogue of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop museum of Polynesian ethnology and natural history. .. Honolulu, 1892-93. url p. 39.
• Addisonia: colored illustrations and popular descriptions of plants. New York: New York Botanical Garden, 1916-[1964]. url .
• American forests. Washington [etc.]American Forestry Association [etc.] url p. 766.
• Andorra hand-book [of trees and shrubs] Philadelphia[1903] url p. 89.
• Annual report / Albany: University of the State of New York, 1902-1918. url p. 97.
• Arboretum et fruticetum britannicum; or, The trees and shrubs of Britain, native and foreign, hardy and half-hardy, pictorially and botanically delineated, and scientifically and popularly described; with their propagation, culture, mana London, Henry G. Bohn, 1854. url p. l
• Bartonia;proceedings of the Philadelphia botanical club. .. 29 - 41 1957 - 19 Philadelphia, Philadelphia Botanical Club, Academy of Natural Sciences. url p. 76.
• Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 740, p. 930.
• Brooklyn Botanic Garden record. 14 1925 [Brooklyn]: Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1912-44. url p. 14, p. 21, p. 5.
• Bulletin - Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station. Amherst, : Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, 1907-1974. url p. 170, p. 4, p. 53.
• Bulletin / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology. Washington: G.P.O., 1904-1916. url p. 39, p. 85.
• Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden. 1 1898 Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., url p. 154, p. 229, p. 233, p. 438, p. 443.
• Bulletin. Bureau of Plant Industry. U. S. Department of Agriculture. 1901-13. WashingtonGovt. Print. Off. url p. 53.
• Come into the garden, by Grace Tabor. Illustrated with photographs. New York, Macmillan, 1921. url p. 180.
• Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers and ornamental plants sold in the United by L. H. Bailey. .. assisted by William Miller. .. and many expert cultivators and botanists. London: The Macmillan company, 1909. url p. 1689.
• Farlowia: a journal of cryptogamic botany. Cambridge, Mass., 1943-1955. url , .
• Flora of Japan: in English: combined, much revised and extended translation / by the author of his Flora of Japan (1953) and Flora of Japan, Pteridophyta (1957); edited by Frederick G. Meyer and Egbert H. Walker. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1965. url p. 550.
• Flora of Kwangtung and Hongkong (China) being an account of the floweriing plants, ferns and fern allies together with keys for their determination preceded by a map and introduction, London, H. M. Stationery off., printed by Darling and son, ltd., 1912. url .
• Garden and forest; a journal of horticulture, landscape art and forestry. New York: The Garden and forest publishing co., 1888-97. url , , , , , , , p. 256, p. 284, p. 373, p. 376, p. 377, p. 439, p. 456, p. 539, p. 540, p. 61, p. 67.
• Garden colour: Spring, by Mrs. C. W. Earle; Summer, by E. V. B.; Autumn, by Rose Kingsley; Winter, by the Hon. Vicary Gibbs; etc., etc. Notes & water color sketches by Margaret Waterfield. 1905 London, E. P. Dutton & company, 1905. url p. 193.
• Garden guide, the amateur gardeners' handbook; how to plan, plant and maintain the home grounds, the suburban garden, the city lot. How to grow good vegetables and fruit. How to care for roses and other favorite flowers, hardy plants, trees, shrub New York, A. T. De La Mare company, inc.[c1917] url .
• Garden guide; the amateur gardeners' handbook. Profusely illustrated with over 275 teaching plans and diagrams and reproduced photographs, all made expressly for this standard text book. Edited by A. T. De La Mare. New York, A. T. De La Mare[c1920] url p. 60.
• Gardening. Chicago, the Gardening Co., 1892-1925. url p. 294, p. 71.
• Hand-list of Coniferae: grown in the Royal botanic gardens. London: Printed for H. M. Stationery off. by Darling & son, Ltd., 1903. url p. 359.
• Hand-list of trees and shrubs, excluding Coniferae, grown in Arboretum. LondonPrinted for H.M. Stationery Off., by Darling1902 url p. 359.
• Horticulture. Boston, Mass.: Horticulture Pub. Co., c1904- url p. 757.
• Hortus lignosus londinensis: or, A catalogue of all the ligneous plants, indigenous and foreign, hardy and half-hardy, cultivated in the gardens and grounds in the neighbourhood of London: with all their synonymes, scientific and By J. C. Loudon. London, The author, 1838. url p. 49.
• Injurious and beneficial insects of California. / By E. O. Essig. Sacramento, California state printing office, 1915 url , p. 180, p. 62.
• Journal of botany, British and foreign. 32 1894 London: Robert Hardwicke, 1863-1942. url p. 296.
• Journal of the New York Botanical Garden. 38 1937 Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., 1900- url , p. 294, p. 305, p. 47.
• Landscaping your home / Urbana: University of Illinois Press, c1975. url p. 236.
• Landscaping your home / William R. Nelson, Jr. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, c1975. url p. 236.
• Lists of plant types for landscape planting; the materials of planting for ornament listed according to their various uses, by Stephen F. Hamblin. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1923. url , , , p. 28, p. 42, p. 57.
• Making the grounds attractive with shrubbery, New York, McBride, Nast & company, 1912. url p. 47.
• Manual of vascular plants of the lower Yangtze Valley, China. Corvallis, Oregon State College[1958] url p. 169.
• Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. [Boston: The Academy, url p. 427.
• Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden. New York: The Garden, 1900- url p. 246.
• Museum bulletin / Albany, N.Y.: University of the State of New York, 1908-1916. url p. 97.
• New Japanese fungi. Notes and translations. [Washington, Bureau of Plant Industry], 1917- url p. 284, p. 293.
• Ornamental shrubs of the United States (hardy, cultivated) by Austin Craig Apgar. New York, American Book Company[c1910] url p. 180.
• Plant materials of decorative gardening; the woody plants. Urbana, The author, 1921. url p. 59.
• Plantae Wilsonianae; an enumeration of the woody plants collected in western China for the Arnold arboretum of Harvard university during the years 1907, 1908, and 1910, by E. H. Wilson, ed. by Charles Sprague Sargent. Cambridge, University Press, 1913-17. url p. 186, p. 467, p. 470, p. 483, p. 495, p. 598, p. 627.
• Practical landscape gardening: the importance of careful planning, locating the house, arrangement of walks and drives, construction of walks and drives, lawns and terraces, how to plant a property, laying out a flower garden, arch New York, A.T. De La Mare Company, inc., 1916. url , .
• Practical landscape gardening; the importance of careful planning, locating the house, arrangement of walks and drives, construction of walks and drives, lawns and terraces, how to plant a property, laying out a flower garden, arch by Robert B. Cridland. New York, A.T. De La Mare Company, inc., 1918. url p. 170, p. 259.
• Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Washington, etc.: Entomological Society of Washington url p. 33.
• Proceedings of the annual convention of the society of American Florists. Boston [etc.]Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturalists. url p. 143.
• Report of the State Entomologist of Connecticut for the year. .. New Haven, [1902- url p. 534, p. 582.
• Sargent, C. S. Plantae Wilsonianae: an enumeration of the woody plants collected in western China for the Arnold arboretum of Harvard university during the years 1907, 1908, and 1910 /by E. H. Wilson, ed. by Charles Sprague Sargent. 1 1913 Cambridge: The University press, 1913-17. url p. 186, p. 467, p. 470, p. 483, p. 495, p. 532, p. 563, p. 598, p. 627.
• Seeds and plants imported / U.S. Department of Agriculture. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1903-1913. url p. 53.
• Select extra-tropical plants readily eligible for industrial culture or naturalisation with indications of their native countries and some of their uses / by Baron Ferd. von Mueller. Melbourne: R. S. Brain, govt. printer, 1895. url p. 375.
• Select extra-tropical plants, readily eligible for industrial culture or naturalisation, with indications of their native countries and some of their uses. By Baron Ferd. von Mueller. .. Sydney, T. Richards, government printer, 1881. url p. 237.
• The American florist: a weekly journal for the trade. Chicago: American Florist Company, [1885-1931] url p. 1069, p. 1294.
• The Bradley bibliography; a guide to the literature of the woody plants of the world published before the beginning of the twentieth century; Cambridge, Riverside Press, 1911-18. url p. 269, p. 759, p. 872.
• The Florists' exchange: a weekly medium of interchange for florists, nurserymen, seedsmen and the trade in general. New York, N.Y.: [A.T. De la Mare Ptg. and Pub. Co., url , p. 1077, p. 1259, p. 1311, p. 283, p. 367, p. 451, p. 521, p. 819, p. 875.
• The Garden: an illustrated weekly journal of gardening in all its branches. London: [s.n., url p. 133, p. 29.
• The Glasgow naturalist. Glasgow, Andersonian Naturalists of Glasgow. url p. 151.
• The Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Japan = Tokyo Teikoku Daigaku kiyo. Rika. Tokyo, Japan: The University, 1898-1925. url p. 130, p. 183, p. 61.
• The Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany. 23 1886-88 London: the Society: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green: ||Williams and Norgate, 1865-1968. url p. 263.
• The Review of applied entomology. Farnham Royal, Eng., etc.: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, etc. url p. 127, p. 839.
• The San Jose or Chinese scale. Washington, Gov't print. off., 1906. url p. 39.
• The San José scale and methods of controlling it / [New Haven]: Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 1909. url p. 12.
• The complete illustrated book of garden magic. Chicago, J.G. Ferguson Pub. Co.[1969] url p. 70.
• The identification of trees & shrubs; how to recognize, without previous knowledge of botany, wild or garden trees and shrubs native to the north temperate zone, with 2, 500 diagrams made by the author. New York, Dutton[1937] url p. 101, p. 204.
• The pruning-manual, being the 18th ed., rev. and reset, of the Pruning-book which was first published in 1898. New York, The Macmillan company; [etc., etc.]1916. url p. 228.
• The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 2596, p. 2691, p. 2696, p. 2699.
• Transactions of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. [S.l.: s.n.], 1843-1920. url p. 81.
• Winter botany, a companion volume to the author's Plant materials of decorative gardening, by William Trelease. .. Urbana, The author, 1918. url p. 109.
• Winter botany, by William Trelease. .. Urbana, The author, 1918. url p. 109.
• Yü Te-tsun, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih, Li Chao-luan, Kuan Ke-chien & Chiang Wan-fu. 1974, 1985, 1986. Rosaceae. In: Yü Te-tsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 1443; 37: 1516; 38: 1133.
• Yü Te-tsun, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih, Li Chao-luan, Kuan Ke-chien & Chiang Wan-fu. 1974, 1985, 1986. Rosaceae. In: Yü Te-tsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 1443; 37: 1516; 38: 1133.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 06, 2007:

• GBIF-Spain, Aranzadi Zientzi Elkartea
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• Taiwan Biodiversity Information Facility, Taiwan Biodiversity Data for GBIF
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2668624
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ros-9124
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13688807
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:727462-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 28086
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 504347
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PHVI81
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 55911

Footnotes

1. Cuizhi Gu, Chaoluan Li, Lingdi Lu, Shunyuan Jiang, Crinan Alexander, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, David E. Boufford, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba, Kenneth R. Robertson & Steven A. Spongberg "Rosaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 46. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Lu Ling-ti, Stephen A. Spongberg "Photinia". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 121. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. "Photinia". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 134. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
4. Mean = 405.210 meters (1,329.429 feet), Standard Deviation = 415.140 based on 14 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.