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Photinia serratifolia

(Chinese Hawthorn)

Overview

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Vulnerable

Threat status

Interesting Facts

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Common Names

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Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in Chinese:

Shi Nan

Common Names in English:

Chinese Hawthorn, Chinese Photinia, Taiwanese Photinia

Description

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Family Rosaceae

Trees , shrubs , or herbs, deciduous or evergreen . Stems erect , scandent , arching , prostrate , or creeping , armed or unarmed . Buds usually with several exposed scales , sometimes with only 2. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple or compound ; stipules paired , free or adnate to petiole , rarely absent, persistent or deciduous; petiole usually 2-glandular apically; leaf blade often serrate at margin , rarely entire. Inflorescences various, from single flowers to umbellate , corymbose , racemose or cymose-paniculate. Flowers usually actinomorphic , bisexual , rarely unisexual and then plants dioecious. Hypanthium (formed from basal parts of sepals, petals, and stamens) free from or adnate to ovary, short or elongate . Sepals usually 5, rarely fewer or more, imbricate; epicalyx segments sometimes also present. Petals as many as sepals, inserted below margin of disk, free, imbricate, sometimes absent. Disk lining hypanthium, usually entire, rarely lobed . Stamens usually numerous , rarely few, always in a complete ring at margin of or above disk; filaments usually free, very rarely connate ; anthers small, didymous , rarely elongate, 2-locular. Carpels 1 to many, free, or ± connate and then adnate to inner surface of cupular receptacle; ovary inferior, semi-inferior, or superior; ovules usually 2 in each carpel, rarely 1 or several, anatropous , superposed . Styles as many as carpels, terminal , lateral , or basal, free or sometimes connate. Fruit a follicle, pome, achene, or drupe, rarely a capsule, naked or enclosed in persistent hypanthium and sometimes also by sepals. Seeds erect or pendulous, sometimes winged , usually exalbuminous , very rarely with thin endosperm; cotyledons mostly fleshy and convex abaxially, rarely folded or convolute.

Between 95 and 125 genera and 2825-3500 species: cosmopolitan , mostly in N temperate zone; 55 genera (two endemic) and 950 species (546 endemic) in China.

Many plants of this family are of economic importance and contribute to people s livelihoods. The Rosaceae contain a great number of fruit trees of temperate regions . The fruits contain vitamins, acids, and sugars and can be used both raw and for making preserves, jam, jelly, candy, various drinks, wine, vinegar, etc. The dried fruits of the genera

Amygdalus and Armeniaca are of high commercial value. Some plants in the genus Rosa containing essential oils or with a high vitamin content are used in industry . Rosaceae wood is used for making various articles, stems and roots are used for making tannin extract, and young leaves are used as a substitute for tea. Numerous species are used for medical purposes or are cultivated as ornamentals .

The Rosaceae are very well represented in China, with great economic and scientific importance. The Co-chairs of the Editorial Committee (Wu and Raven) here note that the patterns of relationship are complex and the group is taxonomically difficult. [1]

Genus Photinia

Trees or shrubs , deciduous or evergreen . Winter buds small; scales imbricate, few. Leaves alternate, simple , papery or leathery, venation camptodromous , margin serrate, rarely entire, shortly petiolate ; stipules present, usually subulate . Inflorescences terminal , umbellate or corymbose , rarely shortly paniculate , many flowered, sometimes flowers 2- or 3-clustered or solitary. Hypanthium cupular or campanulate to cylindric , adnate to ovary or free near apex. Sepals 5, persistent , short. Petals 5, contorted or imbricate in bud, base clawed. Stamens usually ca. 20. Carpels 2-5, rarely 1; ovary semi-inferior, (1 or) 2-5-loculed, in fruit free apically or to 1/3 length ; styles(1 or) 2-5, free or ± connate , short, dilated apically; stigmas truncate ; ovules 2 per locule, erect . Fruit a pome, globose , ovoid , or ellipsoid , somewhat fleshy , (1- or) 2-5-loculed, free from calyx only near apex or to 1/3 length, with persistent, incurved sepals; carpel crustaceous or membranous, each locule 1- or 2-seeded; seeds erect, testa leathery; cotyledons plano-convex .

About 60 species: E, S, and SE Asia, also in Mexico; 43 species (32 endemic) in China.

Wu Zhengyi (editor's note ) believes that Pourthiaea is morphologically distinct from Photinia and should be treated as a separate genus.

Many species of Photinia are ornamental trees and shrubs with large lustrous leaves and attractive white flowers in the spring followed by red fruits in the autumn. The wood is hard and heavy, suitable for making furniture and other small articles.[2]

Physical Description

Species Photinia serratifolia

Shrubs or trees , evergreen , 4-6(-12) m tall. Branchlets brown or reddish brown when young, brownish gray when old, glabrous ; buds ovoid , 4-7 mm, apex acute to shortly acuminate; scales several, brown. Petiole 2-4 cm, pubescent when young, glabrescent ; leaf blade narrowly elliptic , narrowly obovate , or obovate-elliptic, (6-) 9-22 × 3-6.5 cm, leathery, veins 20-30 pairs, midvein raised abaxially and impressed adaxially, abaxially long pubescent along veins when young, both surfaces glabrous when mature , adaxially lustrous, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin sparsely or inconspicuously toothed or entire, apex acuminate. Compound corymbs terminal , 8-12 × 10-16 cm; rachis and pedicels glabrous, villous , or tomentose . Pedicel 3-5 mm. Flowers 6-8 mm in diam. Hypanthium cupular, 1-1.5 mm, abaxially glabrous. Sepals broadly triangular, 1-1.5 mm, apex acute or obtuse . Petals white, suborbicular , 3-4 mm in diam., glabrous or villous. Stamens 20, outer ones longer than inner ones. Ovary pilose apically; styles 2, sometimes 3, connate at base, not exceeding stamens; stigma capitate. Fruit red when immature , brownish purple when mature, globose , 5-6 mm in diam., with 1 seed; seeds brownish, ovoid, 2-2.5 mm, smooth . Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Oct. [source]

Habit: Evergreen .

Flowers: Bloom Period: January, February, March. • Flower Color: near white, white

Size/Age/Growth

Size: 15-20' tall.

Habitat

Mixed forests , roadsides, slopes , fields , mountain areas, sea shores ; sea level to 2500 m. [3].

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 20-30' apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a. (map)

Taxonomy

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Synonyms

Crataegus glabra Thunb. • Photinia glabra var. typica Maxim. • Photinia serratifolia (Desf.) Kalkm. • Sorbus glabra Zabel

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 2009

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Photinia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 19 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

P. beauverdiana (Photinia) · P. davidiana (Chinese Photinia) · P. davidiana 'Palette' (Chinese Photinia) · P. floribunda (Purple Chokeberry) · P. fraseri (Fraser's Photinia) · P. glabra (Japanese Photinia) · P. melanocarpa (Black Chokeberry) · P. melanocarpa var. Elata (Black Chokeberry) · P. melanocarpa 'Morton' (Black Chokeberry) · P. pyriflora (Red Chokeberry) · P. pyrifolia (Black Witch) · P. serratifolia (Chinese Hawthorn) · P. serrulata 'Aculeata' (Chinese Hawthorn) · P. villosa (Oriental Photinia) · P. x fraseri (Fraser Photinia) · P. × fraseri 'Cassini' (Pink Marble Photinia) · P. x fraseri 'Pink Marble' (Pink Marble Photinia) · P. x fraseri 'Pointe Du Raz' (Fraser Photinia) · P. x fraseri 'Red Robin' (Fraser Photinia)

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 05, 2007:

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. Cuizhi Gu, Chaoluan Li, Lingdi Lu, Shunyuan Jiang, Crinan Alexander, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, David E. Boufford, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba, Kenneth R. Robertson & Steven A. Spongberg "Rosaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 46. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  2. Lu Ling-ti, Stephen A. Spongberg "Photinia". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 121. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  3. "Photinia". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 125. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Last Revised: 7/15/2012