Phormium tenax

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Hemerocallidaceae

A family of flowering plants that includes daylilies and New Zealand flax. The genus Hemerocallis was assigned its own family name in 1982 by Dahlgren and Clifford. (See pp. 36-39, "Biosystematics ," by Barr Daylily Journal, vol. 42, no. 2, fall 1987. Not all authorities agree, and some place the genus in the family Asparagales. In the family, pedicels are articulated, septal nectaries infralocular, and the ovary superior. Other details: Habit various; flavonols, napthoquinones, saponins +; roots often swollen; mucilage cells 0; raphides 0; cuticular wax rodlets parallel; leaves (spirally) 2-ranked, conduplicate to flat-conduplicate, keeled , the keel unifacial , sheath closed ; inflorescence various, (bracteoles lateral ); pedicel usu. articulated; (flowers monosymmetric , median tepal of outer whorl adaxial - Hemerocallis), T tube short (1/2 way - Hemerocallis; 0), filaments often ornamented, (anthers centrifixed), pollen usu. trichotomosulcate, infra-locular septal nectaries +, 1-many tenuinucellate ovules/carpel, nucellar cap +, chalazal nucellus well developed; endosperm usu. helobial, stigma dry (wet); fruit also a berry (nut, schizocarp); seeds ovoid , (with strophiole/aril); endosperm hemicellulosic, embryo also short; n = 4 [Agrostocrinum], 8, 9, 11, 12, chromosomes 0.8-10 µm long; (cotyledon not photosynthetic - Dianella), epicotyl long or not (hypocotyl 0; collar +), primary root well developed, branched or not.

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found in the intertidal zone at the water's edge at a mean distance from sea level of 47 meters (156 feet).[1]

Biome: Coastal.

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 4-6' apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Publishing author : J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. Publication : Char. Gen. Pl. 24 1775 [29 Nov 1775]

Similar Species

Members of the genus Phormium

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 55 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

P. colensoi (Long-Leaved New Zealand Flax) · P. cookianum (Mountain Flax) · P. cookianum 'Cream Delight' (Cream Delight New Zealand Flax) · P. cookianum 'Flamingo' (Flamingo New Zealand Flax) · P. cookianum 'P. Flamingo' (Mountain Flax) · P. cookianum 'Tricolor' (Mountain Flax) · P. Dark Avocado = 'Westado' (Flax Lily [dark Avocado]) · P. tenax (New Zealand Flax) · P. tenax var. Purpurea (New Zealand Flax) · P. tenax 'Amazing Red' (New Zealand Flax) · P. tenax 'Atropurpureum' (New Zealand Flax) · P. tenax 'Atropurpureum Compactum' (Bronze New Zealand Flax) · P. tenax 'Bronze Baby' (New Zealand Flax) · P. tenax 'Chocolate' (New Zealand Flax) · P. tenax 'Flamingo' (New Zealand Flax) · P. tenax 'Gold Spike' (New Zealand Flax) · P. tenax 'Hilo Princess' (New Zealand Flax) · P. tenax 'Jack Spratt' (Jack Spratt New Zealand Flax) · P. tenax 'Joker' (New Zealand Flax 'joker') · P. tenax 'Maori Maiden' (New Zealand Flax) · P. tenax 'Maori Sunrise' (New Zealand Flax) · P. tenax 'Morticia' (New Zealand Flax) · P. tenax 'Platt's Black' (New Zealand Flax) · P. tenax 'Sundowner' (New Zealand Flax) · P. tenax 'Tom Thumb' (New Zealand Flax) · P. tenax 'Variegata' (Variegated Flax) · P. tenax 'Veitchianum' (New Zealand Flax) · P. tenax 'Yellow Wave' (New Zealand Flax) · P. 'Apricot Queen' (Apricot Queen New Zealand Flax) · P. 'Black Rage' (New Zealand Flax) · P. 'Chocomint' (Flax Lily 'chocomint') · P. 'Dark Delight' (New Zealand Flax) · P. 'Dazzler' (New Zealand Flax) · P. 'Duet' (New Zealand Flax) · P. 'Dusky Chief' (New Zealand Flax) · P. 'Dwarf Burgundy' (New Zealand Flax) · P. 'Evening Glow' (Evening Glow New Zealand Flax) · P. 'Gold Sword' (New Zealand Flax) · P. 'Guardsman' (New Zealand Flax) · P. 'Jester' (New Zealand Flax) · P. 'Maori Chief' (New Zealand Flax) · P. 'Maori Queen' (New Zealand Flax) · P. 'Moonraker' (Flax Lily 'moonraker') · P. 'Pink Stripe' (New Zealand Flax) · P. 'Platt's Black' (Platt's Black New Zealand Flax) · P. 'Rainbow Chief' (Rainbow Chief New Zealand Flax) · P. 'Rainbow Maiden' (Rainbow Maiden New Zealand Flax) · P. 'Rainbow Warrior' (New Zealand Flax) · P. 'Red Fingers' (Flax Lily 'red Fingers') · P. 'Red Heart' (New Zealand Flax) · P. 'Sea Jade' (New Zealand Flax) · P. 'Sundowner' (Sundowner New Zealand Flax) · P. 'Surfer' (New Zealand Flax) · P. 'Wings of Gold' (New Zealand Flax) · P. 'Yellow Wave' (Yellow Wave Flax Lily)

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 13, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 6 providers.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Dec 27, 2011.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 30, 2008)
• USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
• World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Release date: November 27, 2009

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:

• Australian National Herbarium (CANB)
• GBIF-Spain: Universidad de Extremadura, UNEX
• Missouri Botanical Garden
• National Herbarium of New South Wales: NSW herbarium collection
• UK National Biodiversity Network: Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
• USDA PLANTS: USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3876664
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-284248
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4490920
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:539927-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 28069
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 504346
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 539926-1
• MoBot NameID: 18404219
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PHTE8
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 54231

Footnotes

1. Standard Deviation = 378.130 based on 217 observations. Terrestrial altitude and ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.