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Phoradendron quadrangulare

(Quacimmila De Canario)

Conservation Status

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Population Analysis

  • For the 835,580 species in the Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons), we average 4.30 observations each in our database; for the Quacimmila De Canario, we have 516 observations. Compared to other species in this Class, this species is extremely common.
  • A two-sample t-test can be used to determine whether the trend in observations of the Quacimmila De Canario is the same as the trend in observations of Magnoliopsida. Is this species just as common, as a proportion of all observations, as it once was? The answer is no, changes in observation rate of this species significantly differ from changes in observation rate of its Class. (t=11.473, p<0.001)
  • How do observation rates of the Quacimmila De Canario differ from those of Magnoliopsida? To answer this, we examined the percentage of observerations for Magnoliopsida that were observations of the Quacimmila De Canario each year. We then correlated this percentage with observation year. If observations of the Quacimmila De Canario are becoming more common relative to other species of Magnoliopsida, the correlation should be positive, but if it is becoming less common, the correlation should be negative. In fact, the correlation is negative (r=-.25), with a negative slope (m = -.000), suggesting that the Quacimmila De Canario may be in decline relative to other species of Magnoliopsida. This correlation is statistically significant. (F = 45.35, p<.05)
  • The scatter chart to the right shows the percentage of all observations for Magnoliopsida each year that were observations of the Quacimmila De Canario.

Taxonomy

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  • Domain: Eukaryota Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes

Unambiguous Synonyms:

  1. Loranthus quadrangularis Kunth
  2. Phoradendron randiae (Bello) Britt.

Notes:

Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Physical Description

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Family Viscaceae:

Shrubs or herbs, sometimes aerial hemiparasites on other seed plants, never with external runners, sometimes spreading within host (in Arceuthobium) ; nodes articulated, often enlarged, glabrous, except sometimes inflorescences. Leaves opposite, often reduced to scales; stipules absent; petiole often indistinct; leaf blade, when present, simple, mostly palmately 3-5-veined, margin entire. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, in spikes or cymes, sometimes a solitary flower; bracts inconspicuous. Flowers unisexual (plants dioecious or monoecious), (2-) 3-4-merous, actinomorphic, minute (1-4 mm) . Perianth lobes free, valvate. Disk absent. Stamens opposite to perianth lobes, adnate or free; anthers 1-many-loculed, sometimes connate into synandria, dehiscence longitudinal or by several pores. Pollen spheric. Ovary absent in male flowers, inferior in female flowers, 1-loculed, without true ovules, embryo sacs originating from a short placental column, integument absent. Style simple or absent; stigma small. Fruit a berry, with a viscin layer (sticky mucilaginous tissue) inside vascular bundles. Seed 1; testa absent; endosperm starchy; embryo rather large.

About seven genera and 350 species: mainly tropical and subtropical regions; three genera and 18 species (seven endemic) in China.[1]

Distribution

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Range and Population

Caribbean

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Phoradendron:

There are approximately 729 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them: P. bolleanum pauciflorum · P. flavescens macrophyllum · P. serotinum angustifolium · P. villosum flavum · P. abietinum · P. acinacifolium · P. acinacifolium var. surinamense · P. acuminatum · P. acutifolium · P. aequatoris · P. affine · P. agostinorum · P. aguilarii · P. albert-smithii · P. albovaginatum · P. allenii · P. alophyllum · P. alpestre · P. amplectens · P. amplexicaule · P. amplifolium · P. anamariae · P. anceps (Goldenfruit Mistletoe) · P. andersonii · P. angustifolium · P. annulatum · P. antillarum · P. antillarum f. longa · P. antillarum f. longum · P. antillarum var. orientale · P. antioquianum · P. apertiflorum · P. apertum · P. aphyllum · P. apiciflorum · P. applanatum · P. appuni · P. apurense · P. arcuatum · P. argentinum · P. argentium · P. atrorubens · P. aulestianum · P. aurantiacum · P. aurato-ochraceum · P. aureum · P. auriculatum · P. avenia · P. ayacuchanum · P. ayliffii · P. bahiense · P. baileyae · P. baileyae var. exile · P. balansae · P. balansae f. hassleri · P. balansae f. morongi · P. balslevii · P. barahonae (Island Mistletoe) · P. bathyorctum · P. bathyorgetum · P. bathyoryctum · P. belizense · P. benslowii (Galapagos Mistletoe) · P. berryi · P. berteroanum · P. betancurii · P. bicarinatum · P. bilineatum · P. biolleyi · P. boacoi · P. bolivianum · P. bolleanum (Bollean Mistletoe) · P. bolleanum densum · P. bolleanum subsp. hawksworthii · P. bolleanum var. bolleanum · P. botryoides · P. brachyklados · P. brachyphyllum · P. brachypodum · P. brachystachyum · P. breedlovei · P. brevifolium · P. briquetianum · P. brittonianum · P. buchtienii · P. burgeri · P. buritacanum · P. burkartii · P. buxifolium · P. buxifolium var. rotundatum · P. caerulescens · P. caesalpiniae · P. cajamarcana · P. californicum (Desert Mistletoe) · P. californicum f. leucocarpum · P. californicum f. nanum · P. calvinii · P. calyculatum · P. calyculatum var. filipes · P. calyculatum var. gonzalezi

Bibliography

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  • Kiu Hua-shing. 1988. Viscoideae. In: Kiu Hua-shing &
  • Ling Yeou-ruenn, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 24: 139 
  • 158.

More Info

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Notes

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Contributors:

Data Sources:

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 27, 2007:

Identifiers:

Footnotes:

  1. Huaxing Qiu & Michael G. Gilbert "Viscaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 240. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

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Last Revised: May 15, 2008