Interesting Facts
Common Names
Common Names in English:
British Timothy
Description
Physical Description
Species Phleum paniculatum
Annual , tufted . Culms erect or geniculate at base , slender, 3-45 cm tall, 3-5-noded. Leaf sheaths glabrous , upper slightly inflated ; leaf blades soft, 1.5-15 cm, 2-6 mm wide, glabrous, margins scabrid , apex acute; ligule 2-4 mm, obtuse . Panicle narrowly cylindrical, 1-10 × 0.4-0.8 cm, yellowish green; branches free from central axis. Spikelets obovate-cuneate, 2-3 mm; rachilla extension present; glumes inflated toward apex, narrowed toward base, deeply channeled between veins, scabrid, keel glabrous or shortly pectinate , apex truncate , cuspidate into a hard 0.3-0.6 mm mucro ; lemma 1.3-2 mm, 5-veined, sparsely appressed-pubescent, apex subobtuse; anthers 0.4-0.8 mm. Caryopsis ca. 1 mm. Fl. and fr. Apr-Aug. 2n = 28. [source]
Habit: Graminoid
Habitat
Mountain slopes , riversides , field margins , roadsides; ca. 1800 m [1].
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Annual
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- (Auct.) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Infraphylum:
Angiospermae
()
- Auct.
- Class:
Spermatopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Commelinidae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Juncanae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Juncanae
(
- Subclass:
Commelinidae
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Angiospermae
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Synonyms
Chilochloa paniculata (Huds.) P. Beauv. • Chilochloa paniculata (Hudson) P. Beauvois • P. japonicum Franchet & Savatier. • Phleum asperum Jacquin
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Similar Species
Members of the genus Phleum
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 11 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
P. alpinum (Alpine Timothy) · P. arenarium (Sand Timothy) · P. bertolonii (Diploid Timothy) · P. graecum (Ballast Timothy) · P. paniculatum (British Timothy) · P. phleoides (Purple-Stem Cat's-Tail) · P. pratense (Cats Tail) · P. pratense bertolonii (Diploid Timothy) · P. pratense nodosum (Common Timothy) · P. pratense pratense (Common Timothy) · P. subulatum (Italian Timothy)
More Info
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Further Reading
- A natural arrangement of British plants: according to their relations to each other as pointed out by Jussieu, De Candolle, Brown, &c.. .. / with an introduction to botany. .. By Samuel Frederick Gray. .. London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, 1821. url p. 138.
- A natural history of British grasses / by E.J. Lowe. London: John C. Nimmo, 1891. url p. 29.
- A new British flora: British wild flowers in their natural haunts / described by A. R. Horwood. With sixty-four plates in colour representing 350 different plants, from darwings by J. N. Fitch and many illustrations from photographs. London: Gresham, 1919. url p. 212.
- An introduction to physiological and systematical botany. London, Longman, Hurst, Reese, Orme, 1807. url p. 238.
- Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 499, p. 500.
- Bulletin. Bureau of Plant Industry. U. S. Department of Agriculture. 1901-13. WashingtonGovt. Print. Off. url p. 45.
- Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 24 1931 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 167, p. 482, p. 486, p. 492, p. 493, p. 504.
- Flora of Japan: in English: combined, much revised and extended translation / by the author of his Flora of Japan (1953) and Flora of Japan, Pteridophyta (1957); edited by Frederick G. Meyer and Egbert H. Walker. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1965. url p. 141.
- Hortus Gramineus Woburnensis; or, An account of the results of experiments on the produce and nutritive qualities of different grasses and other plants used as the food of the more valuable domestic animals; instituted by John, Du London, J. Ridgway, 1824. url p. 330.
- Hortus Kewensis, or, A catalogue of the plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew /by William Aiton. .. 1 1789 London: Printed for George Nicol, Bookseller to his Majesty, 1789. url p. 87.
- Hortus gramineus woburnensis; or, An account of the results of experiments on the produce and nutritive qualities of different grasses and other plants used as the food of the more valuable domestic animals: instituted by John, du By George Sinclair. London: J. Ridgway, 1826. url p. 256.
- Manual of the grasses of the United States / by A.S. Hitchcock. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1935. url p. 355, p. 927.
- Manual of vascular plants of the lower Yangtze Valley, China. Corvallis, Oregon State College[1958] url p. 458, p. 607.
- Outlines of botany: taken chiefly from Smith's Introduction. .. For the use of schools and students / by Dr. John Locke. .. Boston: Cummings and Hilliard for the author, 1819. url p. 43.
- Oxford gardens, based upon Daubeny's Popular guide to the physick garden of Oxford: with notes on the gardens of the colleges and on the University park, by R. T. Günther. Oxford: Parker & son; [etc., etc.], 1912. url p. 132.
- Seeds and plants imported / U.S. Department of Agriculture. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1903-1913. url p. 10.
- Sweet's Hortus britannicus: or a catalogue of plants cultivated in the gardens of Great Britain, arranged in natural orders / by Robert Sweet. London: J. Ridgway, 1826. url p. 441.
- The English flora. London, Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, [1828-30] url p. 77.
- The flora of Oxfordshire and its contiguous counties: (comprising the flowering plants only;) arranged in easy and familiar language according to the Linnaean and natural systems; preceded by an introduction to botany / Oxford: H. Slatter, 1833. url p. 313, p. 313.
- The grasses of Great Britain, London, R. Hardwicke[1861] url .
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 15, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 11 providers.
- "Phleum paniculatum". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 367. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 30, 2008)
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 15, 2007:
- Bundesamt für Naturschutz / Zentralstelle für Phytodiversität Deutschland, Bundesamt fuer Naturschutz / Zentralstelle fuer Phytodiversitaet Deutschland
- Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien, Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien
- European Environment Agency, EUNIS
- International Plant Genetic Resources Institute(IPGRI), EURISCO
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Lund Botanical Museum
- Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
- inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn, inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2661198
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-41066
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14611901
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:415858-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 28017
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 41066
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PHPA8
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 55730
Footnotes
- "Phleum paniculatum". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 367. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
