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• Taxonomy
• Physical Description
• Distribution
• Similar Species
• Bibliography
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Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms:

1. Penstemon patricus N. Holmgren

Notes:

Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Physical Description

Family Scrophulariaceae:

Herbs, sometimes shrubs, rarely trees; mostly autotrophic, less often hemiparasitic or parasitic. Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, opposite, whorled, or basally opposite and apically alternate, simple or sometimes pinnately dissected. Inflorescences racemes, spikes, or thyrsoid panicles, determinate or indeterminate, or flowers solitary. Flowers perfect, usually zygomorphic, rarely actinomorphic. Calyx often persistent, (2-) 4- or 5-lobed or -parted, variously connate. Corolla sympetalous; limb (3 or) 4- or 5-lobed, often 2-lipped. Stamens mostly 4, didynamous, sometimes 1 or 2 staminodes present, less often 2 or 5 stamens; anther locules 1 or 2, equal or subequal, free or confluent. Nectary often present at base of ovary, ringlike, cupular, or reduced to a gland. Ovary superior, 2-loculed, rarely apically 1-loculed; ovules numerous, rarely 2 per locule, on axile placentas, anatropous or hemitropous. Style simple; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, or 2-lamellate. Fruit a capsule, septicidal, loculicidal, or septifragal, sometimes opening by pores or irregularly dehiscent, rarely a berry. Seeds minute or rarely conspicuous, sometimes winged; testa often reticulate; hilum lateral or ventral; endosperm fleshy or absent; embryo straight or curved.

About 220 genera and 4500 species: cosmopolitan; 61 genera (seven endemic) and 681 species (415 endemic) throughout China but with a greater concentration in SW China.^[1]

Distribution

Range and Population

North America

Similar Species

Members of the genus Penstemon:

There are approximately 1,559 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them: P. alpinus brandegei · P. apateticus durangensis · P. attenuatus hyacinthinus · P. attenuatus typicus · P. azureus angustissimus · P. azureus parvulus · P. azureus typicus · P. barbatus barbatus · P. bicolor typicus · P. breviflorus typicus · P. caespitosus typicus · P. campanulatus subglandulosus · P. canescens brittonorum · P. canescens typicus · P. cinereus foliatus · P. cinereus typicus · P. clevelandii angelicus · P. clevelandii connatus · P. clevelandii mohavensis · P. clevelandii typicus · P. coloradoensis sileri · P. confusus typicus · P. crandalii taosensis · P. crandallii glabrescens · P. crandallii glabrescens glabrescens · P. crandallii glabrescens taosensis · P. crandallii typicus · P. cynanthus subglaber · P. deustus typicus · P. eatonii eatonii · P. eatonii undosus · P. floridus typicus · P. fruticiformis typicus · P. fruticosus cardwellii · P. gairdneri typicus · P. guadalupensis ernesti · P. guadalupensis typicus · P. heterodoxus heterodoxus · P. heterodoxus typicus · P. heterophyllus australis · P. heterophyllus purdyi · P. heterophyllus spinulosus · P. heterophyllus typicus · P. humilis brevifolius · P. humilis obtusifolius · P. humilis typicus · P. laetus filiformis · P. laetus sagittatus · P. laetus typicus · P. laricifolius typicus · P. linarioides sileri · P. miniatus apateticus · P. miniatus townsendianus · P. moffatii typicus · P. newberryi berryi · P. newberryi newberryi · P. newberryi sonomensis · P. nitidus typicus · P. procerus formosus · P. procerus pulvereus · P. procerus tolmiei · P. procerus typicus · P. pseudospectabilis bicolor · P. pseudospectabilis clutei · P. rattani kleei · P. rattanii kleei · P. rattanii typicus · P. rothrockii typicus · P. rydbergii typicus · P. speciosus typicus · P. spectabilis typicus · P. strictus strictoformis · P. ternatus typicus · P. thompsoniae jaegeri · P. thompsoniae thompsoniae · P. thompsoniae typicus · P. tolmiei modestus · P. tolmiei typicus · P. triflorus typicus · P. triphyllus typicus · P. watsonii typicus · P. whitedii typicus · P. 'Abberley' · P. 'Abbeydore' · P. 'Abbotsmerry' · P. 'Agnes Laing' · P. 'Alice Hindley' · P. 'Alice Howarth' · P. 'Amy Gray' · P. 'Andenken an Friedrich Hahn' · P. 'Apple Blossom' (Beard Tongue) · P. 'Ashton' · P. 'Astley' · P. 'Audrey Cooper' · P. 'Axe Valley Jessica' · P. 'Axe Valley Mabel Alice' · P. 'Axe Valley Penny Mitchell' · P. 'Axe Valley Pixie' · P. 'Axe Valley Suzie' · P. 'Baby Lips'

Bibliography

• Tsoong Puchiu & Yang Hanbi, eds. 1979. Scrophulariaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 1-431. Tsoong Puchiu, ed. 1963. Scrophulariaceae (2). Fl. Reipulb. Popularis Sin. 68: 1-449.

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Notes

Contributors:

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 6, 2006.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 10, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 3 providers.

Data Sources:

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 10, 2007:

• Avian Knowledge Network, Hawk Migration Association of North America - HawkCount
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity - Fish Collection
• Museum of Southwestern Biology, Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, Museum of Southwestern Biology, Division of Amphibians and Reptiles database

Identifiers:

• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 529497
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13905027
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:952904-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDSCR1L3Q2
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1503238

Footnotes:

1. Deyuan Hong, Hanbi Yang, Cun-li Jin, Manfred A. Fischer, Noel H. Holmgren & Robert R. Mill "Scrophulariaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.