Pedicularis procera

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Orobanchaceae

Herbs annual , biennial, or perennial parasites, without chlorophyll. Stems unbranched or sometimes branched. Leaves scalelike, spirally or subimbricately arranged. Inflorescences racemose, spicate , or subcapitate , rarely 1-flowered; bract 1, usually similar to leaves; bractlets 2, adnate to base of calyx or pedicel. Flowers bisexual , subsessile or pedicelled. Calyx tubular, cupular, or campanulate , (3 or) 4-6-lobed, 2-6-parted, 6-toothed, or spathelike, sometimes absent or of 3 free sepals. Corolla bilabiate, usually curved , sometimes tubular-campanulate or funnelform with 5 subequal lobes ; upper lip entire, emarginate , or 2-lobed; lower lip 3-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous , inserted at base of corolla tube ; filaments slender; anthers 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally, sometimes 1 cell fertile and another sterile or reduced to spur. Pistil 2- or 3-carpellate; ovary superior; placentas 2-4 or 6(-10), parietal or sometimes axile at ovary base; ovules 2-4 or numerous , anatropous . Style long; stigma inflated , discoid , peltate, or 2-4-lobed. Capsule usually dehiscing loculicidally by 2 or 3(or 4) valves . Seeds minute, testa pitted or reticulate .

About 15 genera and 150 species: North Temperate regions , less represented in Africa, America, Asia, and Australia; nine genera and 42 species (nine endemic) in China.[1]

Genus Pedicularis

Herbs perennial or annual , rarely biennial, hemiparasitic. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled , usually pinnatifid to 1- or 2-pinnatisect, rarely entire or dentate . Lower leaves usually long petiolate ; upper leaves often ± sessile. Inflorescences terminal or flowers axillary ; bracts usually leaflike. Calyx tubular to campanulate , often ± bilabiate, usually deeply cleft anteriorly, (2--) 5-lobed. Corolla purple, red, yellow, or white, strongly bilabiate; upper lip (galea) hooded , enclosing anthers , laterally compressed , rounded or truncate , or terminating in teeth or in a beak ; lower lip 3-lobed, usually spreading , external to upper lip in bud. Stamens 4, didynamous ; filaments glabrous or pubescent ; anthers mucronate or not. Stigma capitate. Capsule moderately compressed or not, loculicidal. Seeds numerous , reticulate or costate .

About 600 species: best represented in the mountains of SW China and widespread in the frigid and alpine zones of the northern hemisphere; 352 species (271 endemic) occur in China.

From the limited available data, the species of Pedicularis in China are pollinated by bumblebees gathering nectar and/or pollen on nectariferous non-beaked species, and pollen only, by scraping or vibrating,on beaked species including those with long corolla tubes (Macior, L. W. 1988. Plant Species Biol. 3: 61--66.; Macior, L. W. & S. K . Sood. 1991. Plant Species Biol. 6: 75--81.; Macior, L. W., pers. comm. ).

The rank of series has been traditionally used in Pedicularis since the time of Prain's work (Ann. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 3: 1--196. 1890). Sections (and subgenera ) have also been used (e.g. , by Bunge in Walpers, Repert. Bot. Syst. 3: 409--433. 1844; Li, H. L. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 101: 1--214. 1949; Yamazaki, T. 1988. A revision of the genus Pedicularis in Nepal. in: Ohba, H. & Malla, S.B. (eds.), The Himalayan Plants 1: 91--161, and others). [2]

Physical Description

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 18-24" apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Light Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Pedicularis grayi A. Nels.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Pedicularis

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 80 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

P. alopecuroides (Canadian Lousewort) · P. angustifolia (Mogollon Mountain Lousewort) · P. attollens (Attol Lousewort) · P. attollens subsp. protogyna (Little Elephantshead) · P. aurantiaca (Indian Warrior) · P. bracteosa (Bracted Lousewort) · P. bracteosa paysoniana (Payson's Lousewort) · P. bracteosa var. atrosanguinea (Bracted Lousewort) · P. bracteosa var. bracteosa (Bracted Lousewort) · P. bracteosa var. canbyi (Canby Lousewort) · P. bracteosa var. flavida (Towering Lousewort) · P. bracteosa var. latifolia (Widepetal Lousewort) · P. bracteosa var. pachyrhiza (Towering Lousewort) · P. bracteosa var. paysoniana (Payson Lousewort) · P. canadensis (Canadian Lousewort) · P. canadensis canadensis (Smoothflower Lousewort) · P. canadensis fluviatilis (Canadian Lousewort) · P. canadensis subsp. fluviatilis (Canadian Lousewort) · P. capitata (Capitate Lousewort) · P. centranthera (Dwarf Lousewort) · P. chamissonis (Chamisso Lousewort) · P. contorta (Coiled Lousewort) · P. contorta var. contorta (Coiled Lousewort) · P. contorta var. ctenophora (Coil-Beaked Lousewort) · P. contorta var. rubicunda (Coil-Beaked Lousewort) · P. corydaloides (Canadian Lousewort) · P. crenulata (Meadow Lousewort) · P. cyathophylloides (Canadian Lousewort) · P. cystopteridifolia (Fern-Leaved Lousewort) · P. densiflora (Indian Warrior) · P. densiflora aurantiaca (Indian Warrior) · P. densiflora subsp. aurantiaca (Indian Warrior) · P. dudleyi (Dudley's Lousewort) · P. flammea (Red-Tip Lousewort) · P. flammea (Scarletfruit Passionflower) · P. furbishiae (Furbish Lousewort) · P. groenlandica (Bull Elephant's-Head) · P. hirsuta (Hairy Lousewort) · P. howellii (Howell Lousewort) · P. kanei (Woolly Lousewort) · P. labradorica (Labrador Lousewort) · P. labradorica var. labradorica (Labrador Lousewort) · P. labradorica var. sulphurea (Labrador Lousewort) · P. lanceolata (Lousewort) · P. langsdorfii (Langsdorf's Lousewort) · P. langsdorfii arctica (Langsdorf's Lousewort) · P. lapponica (Lapland Lousewort) · P. macrodonta (Muskeg Lousewort) · P. oederi (Oeder's Lousewort) · P. ornithorhyncha (Bird's-Beak Lousewort) · P. palustris (European Purple Lousewort) · P. palustris palustris (European Purple Lousewort) · P. parryi (Parry Cinchweed) · P. parryi subsp. mogollonica (Mogollon Lousewort) · P. parryi subsp. purpurea (Rocky Mountain Lousewort) · P. parviflora (Small-Flower Lousewort) · P. parviflora pennellii (Smallflower Lousewort) · P. parviflora subsp. pennellii (Pennell's Lousewort) · P. pennellii pennellii (Pennell's Lousewort) · P. procera (Giant Lousewort) · P. pulchella (Mountain Lousewort) · P. racemosa alba (Leafy Lousewort) · P. racemosa alba var. alba (Sickletop Betony) · P. racemosa subsp. alba (Sickletop Lousewort) · P. rainierensis (Mount Rainier Lousewort) · P. semibarbata (Bearded Lousewort) · P. semibarbata var. charlestonensis (Charleston Lousewort) · P. semibarbata var. semibarbata (Pinewoods Lousewort) · P. sudetica (Sudetan Lousewort) · P. sudetica albolabiata (Sudetic Lousewort) · P. sudetica interioides (Sudetic Lousewort) · P. sudetica interior (Sudetic Lousewort) · P. sudetica scopulorum (Sudetic Lousewort) · P. sudetica subsp. albolabiata (Sudetic Lousewort) · P. sudetica subsp. interior (Sudetic Lousewort) · P. sudetica subsp. pacifica (Pacific Lousewort) · P. sudetica subsp. scopulorum (Sudetic Lousewort) · P. surrecta (Greenland Lousewort) · P. sylvatica (Small Lousewort) · P. verticillata (Whorled Lousewort)

More Info

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Further Reading

• Biologia centrali-americana; or, Contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America. London, Pub. for the editors by R. H. Porter and Dulau & co., 1879-88. url .
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 19 1915 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 596.
• Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers and ornamental plants sold in the United by L. H. Bailey. .. assisted by William Miller. .. and many expert cultivators and botanists. London: The Macmillan company, 1909. url p. 1256.
• First report on the flora of Wyoming / Aven Nelson. Laramie: Wyoming Experiment Station, 1896. url p. 165.
• Flora of New Mexico / by E.O. Wooton and Paul C. Standley. Washington: G.P.O., 1915. url p. 596.
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. 1987 [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. url p. 578.
• New manual of botany of the central Rocky mountains (vascular plants) Cincinnati [etc.]American Book Company[c1909] url .
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 107.
• Plant physiology and ecology. New YorkHolt1907 url p. 164, p. 184.
• Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington, Biological Society of Washington url p. 100, p. 100.
• Report upon United States Geographical surveys west of the one hundredth meridian, Washington, Govt. print. off., 1875-89. url .
• Research methods in ecology, Lincoln, Neb., University Pub. Co., 1905. url , .
• Rocky mountain flowers; an illustrated guide for plantlovers and plant-users; with twenty-five plates in color and twenty-one plates in black and white [by] Frederic Edward Clements...and Edith Schwartz Clements... 1914 New York city, the H.W. Wilson company, 1914. url p. 133.
• Synoptical flora of North America: the Gamopetalæ, being a second edition of vol. I, part II, and vol. II, part I, collected. London, Iverson, Blakeman, Taylor, and Company;1886. url .
• The relation of leaf structure to physical factors. [1905] url p. 39, p. 96.
• Transactions of the. .. annual meetings of the Kansas Academy of Science. Topeka, Kan.: Kansas Pub. House, 1883-1901. url p. 56.
• University studies of the University of Nebraska. Lincoln. url p. 341.
• Zhang Zhiyun. 1990. Orobanchaceae. In: Wang Wentsai, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 69: 69-124.
• Tsoong Puchiu & Yang Hanbi, eds. 1979. Scrophulariaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 1-431. Tsoong Puchiu, ed. 1963. Scrophulariaceae (2). Fl. Reipulb. Popularis Sin. 68: 1-449.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 11, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 4 providers.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 30, 2008)
• USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:

• Arizona State University, International Institute for Species Exploration: Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• Missouri Botanical Garden
• USDA PLANTS: USDA PLANTS Database
• Utah State University: USU-UTC Specimen Database
• Utah Valley State College (UVSC): Utah Valley State College Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2668457
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-504166
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:807502-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 453413
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 504166
• MoBot NameID: 29204345
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDSCR1K0W0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PEGR
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 53987

Footnotes

1. Zhi-Yun Zhang & Nikolai N. Tzvelev "Orobanchaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 229. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Yang Han-bi, Noel H. Holmgren, Robert R. Mill "Pedicularis". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 97. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

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