Pedicularis parviflora

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Orobanchaceae

Herbs annual , biennial, or perennial parasites, without chlorophyll. Stems unbranched or sometimes branched. Leaves scalelike, spirally or subimbricately arranged. Inflorescences racemose, spicate , or subcapitate , rarely 1-flowered; bract 1, usually similar to leaves; bractlets 2, adnate to base of calyx or pedicel. Flowers bisexual , subsessile or pedicelled. Calyx tubular, cupular, or campanulate , (3 or) 4-6-lobed, 2-6-parted, 6-toothed, or spathelike, sometimes absent or of 3 free sepals. Corolla bilabiate, usually curved , sometimes tubular-campanulate or funnelform with 5 subequal lobes ; upper lip entire, emarginate , or 2-lobed; lower lip 3-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous , inserted at base of corolla tube ; filaments slender; anthers 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally, sometimes 1 cell fertile and another sterile or reduced to spur. Pistil 2- or 3-carpellate; ovary superior; placentas 2-4 or 6(-10), parietal or sometimes axile at ovary base; ovules 2-4 or numerous , anatropous . Style long; stigma inflated , discoid , peltate, or 2-4-lobed. Capsule usually dehiscing loculicidally by 2 or 3(or 4) valves . Seeds minute, testa pitted or reticulate .

About 15 genera and 150 species: North Temperate regions , less represented in Africa, America, Asia, and Australia; nine genera and 42 species (nine endemic) in China.[1]

Genus Pedicularis

Herbs perennial or annual , rarely biennial, hemiparasitic. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled , usually pinnatifid to 1- or 2-pinnatisect, rarely entire or dentate . Lower leaves usually long petiolate ; upper leaves often ± sessile. Inflorescences terminal or flowers axillary ; bracts usually leaflike. Calyx tubular to campanulate , often ± bilabiate, usually deeply cleft anteriorly, (2--) 5-lobed. Corolla purple, red, yellow, or white, strongly bilabiate; upper lip (galea) hooded , enclosing anthers , laterally compressed , rounded or truncate , or terminating in teeth or in a beak ; lower lip 3-lobed, usually spreading , external to upper lip in bud. Stamens 4, didynamous ; filaments glabrous or pubescent ; anthers mucronate or not. Stigma capitate. Capsule moderately compressed or not, loculicidal. Seeds numerous , reticulate or costate .

About 600 species: best represented in the mountains of SW China and widespread in the frigid and alpine zones of the northern hemisphere; 352 species (271 endemic) occur in China.

From the limited available data, the species of Pedicularis in China are pollinated by bumblebees gathering nectar and/or pollen on nectariferous non-beaked species, and pollen only, by scraping or vibrating,on beaked species including those with long corolla tubes (Macior, L. W. 1988. Plant Species Biol. 3: 61--66.; Macior, L. W. & S. K . Sood. 1991. Plant Species Biol. 6: 75--81.; Macior, L. W., pers. comm. ).

The rank of series has been traditionally used in Pedicularis since the time of Prain's work (Ann. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 3: 1--196. 1890). Sections (and subgenera ) have also been used (e.g. , by Bunge in Walpers, Repert. Bot. Syst. 3: 409--433. 1844; Li, H. L. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 101: 1--214. 1949; Yamazaki, T. 1988. A revision of the genus Pedicularis in Nepal. in: Ohba, H. & Malla, S.B. (eds.), The Himalayan Plants 1: 91--161, and others). [2]

Physical Description

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Annual , Biennial, Perennial

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Pedicularis

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 80 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

P. alopecuroides (Canadian Lousewort) · P. angustifolia (Mogollon Mountain Lousewort) · P. attollens (Attol Lousewort) · P. attollens subsp. protogyna (Little Elephantshead) · P. aurantiaca (Indian Warrior) · P. bracteosa (Bracted Lousewort) · P. bracteosa paysoniana (Payson's Lousewort) · P. bracteosa var. atrosanguinea (Bracted Lousewort) · P. bracteosa var. bracteosa (Bracted Lousewort) · P. bracteosa var. canbyi (Canby Lousewort) · P. bracteosa var. flavida (Towering Lousewort) · P. bracteosa var. latifolia (Widepetal Lousewort) · P. bracteosa var. pachyrhiza (Towering Lousewort) · P. bracteosa var. paysoniana (Payson Lousewort) · P. canadensis (Canadian Lousewort) · P. canadensis canadensis (Smoothflower Lousewort) · P. canadensis fluviatilis (Canadian Lousewort) · P. canadensis subsp. fluviatilis (Canadian Lousewort) · P. capitata (Capitate Lousewort) · P. centranthera (Dwarf Lousewort) · P. chamissonis (Chamisso Lousewort) · P. contorta (Coiled Lousewort) · P. contorta var. contorta (Coiled Lousewort) · P. contorta var. ctenophora (Coil-Beaked Lousewort) · P. contorta var. rubicunda (Coil-Beaked Lousewort) · P. corydaloides (Canadian Lousewort) · P. crenulata (Meadow Lousewort) · P. cyathophylloides (Canadian Lousewort) · P. cystopteridifolia (Fern-Leaved Lousewort) · P. densiflora (Indian Warrior) · P. densiflora aurantiaca (Indian Warrior) · P. densiflora subsp. aurantiaca (Indian Warrior) · P. dudleyi (Dudley's Lousewort) · P. flammea (Red-Tip Lousewort) · P. flammea (Scarletfruit Passionflower) · P. furbishiae (Furbish Lousewort) · P. groenlandica (Bull Elephant's-Head) · P. hirsuta (Hairy Lousewort) · P. howellii (Howell Lousewort) · P. kanei (Woolly Lousewort) · P. labradorica (Labrador Lousewort) · P. labradorica var. labradorica (Labrador Lousewort) · P. labradorica var. sulphurea (Labrador Lousewort) · P. lanceolata (Lousewort) · P. langsdorfii (Langsdorf's Lousewort) · P. langsdorfii arctica (Langsdorf's Lousewort) · P. lapponica (Lapland Lousewort) · P. macrodonta (Muskeg Lousewort) · P. oederi (Oeder's Lousewort) · P. ornithorhyncha (Bird's-Beak Lousewort) · P. palustris (European Purple Lousewort) · P. palustris palustris (European Purple Lousewort) · P. parryi (Parry Cinchweed) · P. parryi subsp. mogollonica (Mogollon Lousewort) · P. parryi subsp. purpurea (Rocky Mountain Lousewort) · P. parviflora (Small-Flower Lousewort) · P. parviflora pennellii (Smallflower Lousewort) · P. parviflora subsp. pennellii (Pennell's Lousewort) · P. pennellii pennellii (Pennell's Lousewort) · P. procera (Giant Lousewort) · P. pulchella (Mountain Lousewort) · P. racemosa alba (Leafy Lousewort) · P. racemosa alba var. alba (Sickletop Betony) · P. racemosa subsp. alba (Sickletop Lousewort) · P. rainierensis (Mount Rainier Lousewort) · P. semibarbata (Bearded Lousewort) · P. semibarbata var. charlestonensis (Charleston Lousewort) · P. semibarbata var. semibarbata (Pinewoods Lousewort) · P. sudetica (Sudetan Lousewort) · P. sudetica albolabiata (Sudetic Lousewort) · P. sudetica interioides (Sudetic Lousewort) · P. sudetica interior (Sudetic Lousewort) · P. sudetica scopulorum (Sudetic Lousewort) · P. sudetica subsp. albolabiata (Sudetic Lousewort) · P. sudetica subsp. interior (Sudetic Lousewort) · P. sudetica subsp. pacifica (Pacific Lousewort) · P. sudetica subsp. scopulorum (Sudetic Lousewort) · P. surrecta (Greenland Lousewort) · P. sylvatica (Small Lousewort) · P. verticillata (Whorled Lousewort)

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Further Reading

• An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possesions from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Addison Brown. New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1898. url .
• Bartonia;proceedings of the Philadelphia botanical club. .. 1946 Philadelphia, Philadelphia Botanical Club, Academy of Natural Sciences. url p. 19, p. 90.
• Budd's flora of the Canadian Prairie Provinces / [Ottawa]: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1987. url p. 648, p. 652.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 11 1906 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 512.
• Elementary flora of the Northwest, Cincinnati [etc.]American Book Company[c1914] url .
• Flora of southern British Columbia and Vancouver Island: with many references to Alaska and northern species / by Joseph Kaye Henry. Toronto: W.J. Gage, c1915. url p. 273.
• Flora of the Queen Charlotte Islands. [Ottawa: Queen's Printer], 1968-. url p. 500.
• Flora of the U.S.S.R. [Springfield, Va.: Israel Program for Scientific Translations; 1968- url p. 730.
• Flora of the northwest coast, including the area west of the summit of the Cascade Mountains, from the forty-ninth parallel south to the Calapooia Mountains on the south border of Lane County, Oregon. Lancaster, Pa., Press of the New Era Printing Company, 1915. url , .
• Flora of the northwest coast: including the area west of the summit of the Cascade Mountains, from the forty-ninth parallel south to the Calapooia Mountains on the south border of Lane County, Oregon / by Charles V. Piper and R. Kent Beattie. Lancaster, Pa.: Press of the New era printing company, 1915. url p. 327.
• Flora of the state of Washington. By Charles V. Piper. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1906. url p. 512.
• Gray's new manual of botany (7th ed.--illustrated) A handbook of the flowering plants and ferns of the central and northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, Cincinnati [etc.]American book company[c1908] url p. 734.
• Gray's new manual of botany, a handbook of the flowering plants and ferns of the central and northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, rearranged and extensively revised by Benjamin Lincoln Robinson. .. and Merritt Lyndon Fernald. .. New York, Cincinnati [etc.]American Book Co.[c1908] url p. 734.
• List of Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta growing without cultivation in northeastern North America. Prepared by a Committee of the Botanical Club, American Association for the Advancement of Science. New York, 1894. url p. 297.
• Manual of the flora of the northern states and Canada, by Nathaniel Lord Britton. .. New York, H. Holt and Co., 1901. url p. 843.
• Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club. 5 1893 - 18 Durham, N.C.: Published for the Club by the Seeman Printery, 1889- url p. 297.
• Menzies' journal of Vancouver's voyage, April to October, 1792 / edited with botanical and ethnological notes, by C.F. Newcombe and a biographical note by J. Forsyth. Victoria, B.C.: Printed by W.H. Cullin, 1923. url p. 142.
• National list of scientific plant names. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1982- url p. 300.
• New manual of botany. A handbook of the flowering plants and ferns of the central and northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, rearr. and extensively rev. by Benjamin Lincoln Robinson and Merritt Lyndon Fernald. New YorkAmerican Book Co.[c1908] url p. 734.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 342.
• Plant names, scientific and popular, including in the case of each plant the correct botanical name in accordance with the reformed nomenclature, together with botanical and popular synonyms. .. Comp. from the most authentic sources by A. B. Lyons. Detroit, Nelson, Baker & Co., 1900. url p. 278.
• Syllogeus. Ottawa, National Museum of Natural Sciences, 1972-1995. url , p. 121, p. 29, p. 30, p. 32, p. 33, p. 34, p. 37, p. 37, p. 49, p. 59, p. 79.
• Synoptical flora of North America: the Gamopetalæ, being a second edition of vol. I, part II, and vol. II, part I, collected. London, Iverson, Blakeman, Taylor, and Company;1886. url .
• The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url p. 142, p. 95, p. 96.
• The vegetation and phytogeography of coastal southwestern James Bay / Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum, 1980. url p. 19.
• Zhang Zhiyun. 1990. Orobanchaceae. In: Wang Wentsai, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 69: 69-124.
• Tsoong Puchiu & Yang Hanbi, eds. 1979. Scrophulariaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 1-431. Tsoong Puchiu, ed. 1963. Scrophulariaceae (2). Fl. Reipulb. Popularis Sin. 68: 1-449.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 11, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 02, 2008:

• Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
• University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium
• University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2655796
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-33383
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 33383
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDSCR1K0V0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PEPEI PEPA
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 54002

Footnotes

1. Zhi-Yun Zhang & Nikolai N. Tzvelev "Orobanchaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 229. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Yang Han-bi, Noel H. Holmgren, Robert R. Mill "Pedicularis". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 97. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.