Pedicularis lapponica

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Orobanchaceae

Herbs annual , biennial, or perennial parasites, without chlorophyll. Stems unbranched or sometimes branched. Leaves scalelike, spirally or subimbricately arranged. Inflorescences racemose, spicate , or subcapitate , rarely 1-flowered; bract 1, usually similar to leaves; bractlets 2, adnate to base of calyx or pedicel. Flowers bisexual , subsessile or pedicelled. Calyx tubular, cupular, or campanulate , (3 or) 4-6-lobed, 2-6-parted, 6-toothed, or spathelike, sometimes absent or of 3 free sepals. Corolla bilabiate, usually curved , sometimes tubular-campanulate or funnelform with 5 subequal lobes ; upper lip entire, emarginate , or 2-lobed; lower lip 3-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous , inserted at base of corolla tube ; filaments slender; anthers 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally, sometimes 1 cell fertile and another sterile or reduced to spur. Pistil 2- or 3-carpellate; ovary superior; placentas 2-4 or 6(-10), parietal or sometimes axile at ovary base; ovules 2-4 or numerous , anatropous . Style long; stigma inflated , discoid , peltate, or 2-4-lobed. Capsule usually dehiscing loculicidally by 2 or 3(or 4) valves . Seeds minute, testa pitted or reticulate .

About 15 genera and 150 species: North Temperate regions , less represented in Africa, America, Asia, and Australia; nine genera and 42 species (nine endemic) in China.[1]

Genus Pedicularis

Herbs perennial or annual , rarely biennial, hemiparasitic. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled , usually pinnatifid to 1- or 2-pinnatisect, rarely entire or dentate . Lower leaves usually long petiolate ; upper leaves often ± sessile. Inflorescences terminal or flowers axillary ; bracts usually leaflike. Calyx tubular to campanulate , often ± bilabiate, usually deeply cleft anteriorly, (2--) 5-lobed. Corolla purple, red, yellow, or white, strongly bilabiate; upper lip (galea) hooded , enclosing anthers , laterally compressed , rounded or truncate , or terminating in teeth or in a beak ; lower lip 3-lobed, usually spreading , external to upper lip in bud. Stamens 4, didynamous ; filaments glabrous or pubescent ; anthers mucronate or not. Stigma capitate. Capsule moderately compressed or not, loculicidal. Seeds numerous , reticulate or costate .

About 600 species: best represented in the mountains of SW China and widespread in the frigid and alpine zones of the northern hemisphere; 352 species (271 endemic) occur in China.

From the limited available data, the species of Pedicularis in China are pollinated by bumblebees gathering nectar and/or pollen on nectariferous non-beaked species, and pollen only, by scraping or vibrating,on beaked species including those with long corolla tubes (Macior, L. W. 1988. Plant Species Biol. 3: 61--66.; Macior, L. W. & S. K . Sood. 1991. Plant Species Biol. 6: 75--81.; Macior, L. W., pers. comm. ).

The rank of series has been traditionally used in Pedicularis since the time of Prain's work (Ann. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 3: 1--196. 1890). Sections (and subgenera ) have also been used (e.g. , by Bunge in Walpers, Repert. Bot. Syst. 3: 409--433. 1844; Li, H. L. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 101: 1--214. 1949; Yamazaki, T. 1988. A revision of the genus Pedicularis in Nepal. in: Ohba, H. & Malla, S.B. (eds.), The Himalayan Plants 1: 91--161, and others). [2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,422 meters (0 to 4,665 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Pedicularis

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 80 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

P. alopecuroides (Canadian Lousewort) · P. angustifolia (Mogollon Mountain Lousewort) · P. attollens (Attol Lousewort) · P. attollens subsp. protogyna (Little Elephantshead) · P. aurantiaca (Indian Warrior) · P. bracteosa (Bracted Lousewort) · P. bracteosa paysoniana (Payson's Lousewort) · P. bracteosa var. atrosanguinea (Bracted Lousewort) · P. bracteosa var. bracteosa (Bracted Lousewort) · P. bracteosa var. canbyi (Canby Lousewort) · P. bracteosa var. flavida (Towering Lousewort) · P. bracteosa var. latifolia (Widepetal Lousewort) · P. bracteosa var. pachyrhiza (Towering Lousewort) · P. bracteosa var. paysoniana (Payson Lousewort) · P. canadensis (Canadian Lousewort) · P. canadensis canadensis (Smoothflower Lousewort) · P. canadensis fluviatilis (Canadian Lousewort) · P. canadensis subsp. fluviatilis (Canadian Lousewort) · P. capitata (Capitate Lousewort) · P. centranthera (Dwarf Lousewort) · P. chamissonis (Chamisso Lousewort) · P. contorta (Coiled Lousewort) · P. contorta var. contorta (Coiled Lousewort) · P. contorta var. ctenophora (Coil-Beaked Lousewort) · P. contorta var. rubicunda (Coil-Beaked Lousewort) · P. corydaloides (Canadian Lousewort) · P. crenulata (Meadow Lousewort) · P. cyathophylloides (Canadian Lousewort) · P. cystopteridifolia (Fern-Leaved Lousewort) · P. densiflora (Indian Warrior) · P. densiflora aurantiaca (Indian Warrior) · P. densiflora subsp. aurantiaca (Indian Warrior) · P. dudleyi (Dudley's Lousewort) · P. flammea (Red-Tip Lousewort) · P. flammea (Scarletfruit Passionflower) · P. furbishiae (Furbish Lousewort) · P. groenlandica (Bull Elephant's-Head) · P. hirsuta (Hairy Lousewort) · P. howellii (Howell Lousewort) · P. kanei (Woolly Lousewort) · P. labradorica (Labrador Lousewort) · P. labradorica var. labradorica (Labrador Lousewort) · P. labradorica var. sulphurea (Labrador Lousewort) · P. lanceolata (Lousewort) · P. langsdorfii (Langsdorf's Lousewort) · P. langsdorfii arctica (Langsdorf's Lousewort) · P. lapponica (Lapland Lousewort) · P. macrodonta (Muskeg Lousewort) · P. oederi (Oeder's Lousewort) · P. ornithorhyncha (Bird's-Beak Lousewort) · P. palustris (European Purple Lousewort) · P. palustris palustris (European Purple Lousewort) · P. parryi (Parry Cinchweed) · P. parryi subsp. mogollonica (Mogollon Lousewort) · P. parryi subsp. purpurea (Rocky Mountain Lousewort) · P. parviflora (Small-Flower Lousewort) · P. parviflora pennellii (Smallflower Lousewort) · P. parviflora subsp. pennellii (Pennell's Lousewort) · P. pennellii pennellii (Pennell's Lousewort) · P. procera (Giant Lousewort) · P. pulchella (Mountain Lousewort) · P. racemosa alba (Leafy Lousewort) · P. racemosa alba var. alba (Sickletop Betony) · P. racemosa subsp. alba (Sickletop Lousewort) · P. rainierensis (Mount Rainier Lousewort) · P. semibarbata (Bearded Lousewort) · P. semibarbata var. charlestonensis (Charleston Lousewort) · P. semibarbata var. semibarbata (Pinewoods Lousewort) · P. sudetica (Sudetan Lousewort) · P. sudetica albolabiata (Sudetic Lousewort) · P. sudetica interioides (Sudetic Lousewort) · P. sudetica interior (Sudetic Lousewort) · P. sudetica scopulorum (Sudetic Lousewort) · P. sudetica subsp. albolabiata (Sudetic Lousewort) · P. sudetica subsp. interior (Sudetic Lousewort) · P. sudetica subsp. pacifica (Pacific Lousewort) · P. sudetica subsp. scopulorum (Sudetic Lousewort) · P. surrecta (Greenland Lousewort) · P. sylvatica (Small Lousewort) · P. verticillata (Whorled Lousewort)

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Further Reading

• Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. Helsinki: Societas, 1875-1980. url , p. 10, p. 102, p. 104, p. 105, p. 110, p. 113, p. 113, p. 116, p. 123, p. 124, p. 126, p. 128, p. 135, p. 141, p. 147, p. 147, p. 162, p. 17, p. 19, p. 19, p. 22, p. 24, p. 26, p. 30, p. 33, p. 35, p. 36, p. 37, p. 39, p. 42, p. 43, p. 48, p. 49, p. 52, p. 57, p. 6, p. 60, p. 63, p. 64, p. 65, p. 7, p. 76, p. 79, p. 8, p. 8, p. 84, p. 86, p. 9.
• Aeration and air-content; the role of oxygen in root activity, by Frederic E. Clements. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1921. url p. 114.
• An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102nd meridian / by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Hon. Addison Brown. New York: Scribner, 1913. url p. 220.
• Botaniska notiser. Upsala: Wahlstro?m, 1857-c1980. url p. 17.
• Budd's flora of the Canadian Prairie Provinces / [Ottawa]: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1987. url p. 648, p. 650.
• Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1902- url p. 114.
• Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory and the Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: [s.n., url .
• Flora of the U.S.S.R. [Springfield, Va.: Israel Program for Scientific Translations; 1968- url p. 729.
• Handbook of flower pollination based upon Hermann Müller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects'; tr. by J.R. Ainsworth Davis. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1906. url p. 213.
• Handbook of flower pollination: based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' / Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906-09. url .
• Ice-bound on Kolguev: a chapter in the exploration of Arctic Europe to which is added a record of the natural history of the island / by Aubyn Trevor-Battye; with numerous illustrations by J.T. Nettleship, Charles Whymper and the author. Westminster: A. Constable, 1895. url p. 412.
• Journal of botany, British and foreign. 18 1880 London: Robert Hardwicke, 1863-1942. url p. 142, p. 427.
• Magazine of natural history and journal of zoology, botany, mineralogy, geology and meteorology. London: printed for Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, 1829-1837. url p. 172.
• Manual of the natural history, geology and physics of Greenland and the neighbouring regions / prepared for the use of the Arctic expedition of 1875, under the direction of the Arctic Committee of the London: Printed for H.M.S.O., 1875. url .
• Meddelelser om Grønland. København, C. A. Reitzels Forlag, 1879-1979. url p. 138, p. 142, p. 167, p. 175, p. 175, p. 187, p. 219, p. 247, p. 247, p. 262, p. 267, p. 271, p. 288, p. 319, p. 347, p. 362, p. 365, p. 372, p. 382, p. 39, p. 394, p. 409, p. 419, p. 421, p. 423, p. 423, p. 425, p. 427, p. 428, p. 429, p. 430, p. 494, p. 500, p. 501, p. 567, p. 568, p. 583, p. 59, p. 636.
• Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1866- url .
• Narrative of a voyage to the Polar Sea during 1875-6 in H.M. ships 'Alert' and 'Discovery' / by Capt. Sir G.S. Nares. .. With notes on the natural history, edited by H.W. Feilden. .. London: S. Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, 1878. url p. 303.
• Naturalist's guide to the Americas, prepared by the Committee on the Preservation of Natural Conditions of the Ecological Society of America, with assistance from numerous organizations and individuals, assembled and edited by chairman, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1926. url p. 139, p. 139.
• Picture of organized nature, in its spreading over the earth. Translated from the German of Wilbrand & Ritgen. London, Smith, 1828. url p. 31.
• Proceedings of the Natural History Society of Glasgow. Glasgow, Natural History Society of Glasgow. url p. 281.
• Publications in botany / Ottawa: The Museum, 1969- url p. 58.
• Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913-18. Ottawa, F. A. Acland, Printer to the King, 1919- url , .
• Report of the Second Norwegian Arctic expedition in the "Fram" 1898-1902. .. Kristiania, In commission by T. O. Brøgger, 1907-1919. url , .
• Report of the second Norwegian Arctic Expedition in the "Fram", 1898-1902. Published by Videnskabs-selskabet i Kristiania, at the expense of the Fridjof Nansen Fund for the Advancement of Science. KristianiaT.O. Brøgger1907-19 url .
• Sport in Norway, and where to find it. Together with a short account of the vegetable productions of the country. To which is added, a list of the Alpine flora of the Dovre fjeld and of the Norwegian ferns, &c. By M. R. Barnard. .. London, Chapman and Hall, 1864. url p. 298.
• Syllogeus. Ottawa, National Museum of Natural Sciences, 1972-1995. url p. 32, p. 33, p. 34, p. 37, p. 37, p. 40, p. 69, p. 84, p. 9.
• The Canadian field-naturalist. 51 1937 Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url p. 113, p. 116, p. 119, p. 128, p. 160, p. 264, p. 277, p. 289, p. 346, p. 35, p. 361, p. 468, p. 538, p. 593, p. 60, p. 75.
• The Entomological magazine. London: Frederick Westley and A.H. Davis, 1833-1838 url , p. 467.
• The Eskimo tribes; their distribution and characteristics, especially as regards language, with a comparative vocabulary and sketch-map. Copenhagen1887-91. url p. 59.
• The flora of Disko Island and the adjacent coast of West Greenland from 66-71 N. lat.: with remarks on phytogeography, ecology, flowering, fructification and hibernation / by Morten P. Porsild; assisted by A. Erling Porsild. København: B. Lunos bogt., 1920 [i.e. 1926]- url p. 142, p. 142.
• The vascular plants in the flora of Ellesmereland / H. G. Simmons. Kristiania: Videnskabs-selskabet i Kristiania, 1906. url p. 34.
• Transactions of the Botanical Society. Edinburgh: Botanical Society of Edinburgh, 1841-1891. url p. 414.
• Zoologist. London.1843-1916 url p. 9357.
• Zhang Zhiyun. 1990. Orobanchaceae. In: Wang Wentsai, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 69: 69-124.
• Tsoong Puchiu & Yang Hanbi, eds. 1979. Scrophulariaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 1-431. Tsoong Puchiu, ed. 1963. Scrophulariaceae (2). Fl. Reipulb. Popularis Sin. 68: 1-449.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 11, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 26, 2007:

• Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plants, Field notes, Oslo
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Plants
• University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2655793
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-33380
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13761683
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:807256-1
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 33380
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDSCR1K0P0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PELA4
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 53992

Footnotes

1. Zhi-Yun Zhang & Nikolai N. Tzvelev "Orobanchaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 229. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Yang Han-bi, Noel H. Holmgren, Robert R. Mill "Pedicularis". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 97. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 860.570 meters (2,823.392 feet), Standard Deviation = 418.530 based on 2,065 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.