Passiflora suberosa (Cork-Bark Passion Flower)

Overview

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Unusually small-flowered, self-compatible species lacking a corolla.

Interesting Facts

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Common Names

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Common Names in English:

Cork-Bark Passion Flower, Corkstem Passionflower, Corky Passionflower, Corky-Stem Passion-Flower, Corkystem Passionflower, Devil´s-Pumpkin, Devil's Pumpkin, Devils Pumpkin, Huehue Haole, Indigo Berry, Indigo-Berry, Maypop, Wild Passionfruit

Description

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Family Passifloraceae

Climbing herbs or lianas with axillary tendrils , rarely shrubs or trees , vegetative ramification through a supra-axillary bud. Leaves alternate (rarely subopposite), spirally arranged , simple or rarely compound , stipulate or not, petiolate , petiole or base of blade often with 1 to many glands ; leaf blade entire or lobed , venation pinnate or palmate, often with glands on margin and abaxial surface. Inflorescence cymose , axillary, sessile or pedunculate , primary axis often a tendril, secondary axis often reduced; bracts minute to foliaceous , sometimes glandular . Pedicels articulate distal to bracts. Flowers mostly actinomorphic , bisexual , functionally unisexual , or polygamous; perianth persistent , segments free or partially fused at base. Sepals (3-) 5(or 6) . Petals (3-) 5(or 6), imbricate. Corona inserted on hypanthium, composed of filaments or hairs often in multiple series. Stamens (4 or) 5(-60), inserted on androgynophore or at base of hypanthium; filaments free to base or sometimes partially fused; anthers dorsifixed , 2-celled, dehiscing via longitudinal slits, sometimes with apical appendage . Ovary (1-) 3(-5) -carpellate, superior, 1-loculed, sessile or stipitate on elongate androgynophore; placentation parietal ; ovules many, anatropous ; styles (1-) 3(-5), free to partially fused at base; stigmas globose , capitate, papillate , or divided . Fruit a berry or loculicidally 3(-5) -valved capsule. Seeds numerous , compressed , often beaked , enclosed by fleshy aril; testa reticulate or pitted ; endosperm copious , oily; embryo straight; cotyledons foliaceous.

About 16 genera and 660 species: mainly in tropical and subtropical areas, particularly diverse in the New World tropics; two genera and 23 species (seven endemic, seven introduced ) in China.[1]

Genus Passiflora

Herbaceous or woody perennial vines , rarely shrubs or trees . Leaves simple or rarely compound , alternate (subopposite in one species), entire or dissected , petiolate , usually with extra-floral nectaries on petiole and/or blade ; stipules linear to leaflike, often glandular . Inflorescence axillary , cymose ; peduncle often highly reduced or absent, central axis developed into a tendril , secondary axes often highly reduced to 1 or 2 flowers; bracts minute to foliaceous , sometimes glandular. Flowers bisexual (rarely plants dioecious) . Hypanthium broad to campanulate . Sepals 5, often petaloid , sometimes with a subapical projection. Petals 5 (rarely absent) . Corona present at base of perianth in one to several series of showy filaments ; innermost series (operculum) membranous, partially to entirely fused, margin entire or fimbriate, often incurved over nectar chamber; extra-staminal nectariferous disk (limen ) present around base of androgynophore , fused to base of hypanthium. Stamens (4 or) 5(-8) ; filaments free (rarely connate into a tube around ovary) ; anthers linear or oblong , dorsifixed , versatile. Ovary on androgynophore, stipitate or sessile, 3(-5) -carpellate; styles 3(-5), free; stigmas capitate. Fruit a berry (rarely a dehiscent capsule) . Seeds arillate , compressed , testa pitted ; endosperm oily, abundant; embryo straight; cotyledons elliptic or oblong-elliptic; germination epigeal (rarely hypogeal) .

About 520 species: mainly in tropical America and tropical Asia; 20 species (seven endemic, seven introduced ) in China.[2]

Physical Description

Species Passiflora suberosa

Herbaceous vines , 1-4(-10) m long. Stem white or whitish gray, triangular, slender, striate . Petiole 2-4 cm, white strigose , with 2 glands at middle or slightly above; leaf blade 5-5.5(-8) × 5-6(-11) cm, abaxially gray-green, sparsely villous , base cordate, 3-lobed, lobes ovate , apex acute, mucronate . Flowers axillary , solitary or in pairs, light green or white, 1.5-2.5 cm in diam. Sepals 5-8 mm, oblong or lanceolate, outside hispidulous . Petals absent. Corona in 2 series, filamentous , outer series 3-7 mm, inner series ca. 1 mm; operculum plicate , 1-2 mm high; disk 0.5-1 mm; androgynophore 2-4 mm tall. Filaments flat, 1.5-4 mm, free ; anthers oblong, 2-3 mm. Ovary subglobose, glabrous ; styles 3, almost threadlike, 7-8 mm; stigma capitate. Berry turning bluish black at maturity, subglobose, 1-1.2 cm in diam. Fl. Aug-Sep, fr. Sep-Nov. 2n = 24. [source]

This species was treated as Passiflora gracilis J. Jacquin ex Link by Bao (in FRPS 52(1) : 110. 1999). The two species are distinguished by their leaf lobes in that they are obtuse or rounded in P. gracilis vs. acute in P. suberosa; the petiolar glands are placed below the middle in P. gracilis (occasionally with one additional gland above middle) vs. at or above the middle in P. suberosa; the fruit are bluish black and ovoid or spheroid in P. suberosa vs. orange or red and ovoid and at least twice as large in P. gracilis; the largest leaves of P. gracilis have two small teeth less than 1 cm from the petiole vs. no such teeth in P. suberosa. [source]

Habit: Vine , Subshrub , Forb/herb

Flowers: Bloom Period: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December. • Flower Color: chartreuseyellow-green

Size/Age/Growth

Size: 4-6' tall.

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 18-24" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.1 • Maximum pH: 8.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

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Domain: Eukaryota () - Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae () - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
  - Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae () - Cavalier-Smith, 1981
    - Phylum: Tracheophyta () - Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
      - Subphylum: Euphyllophytina ()
        Infraphylum: Radiatopses () - Kenrick & Crane, 1997
        Class: Spermatopsida () - Brongniart, 1843
        Subclass: Rosidae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Superorder: Violanae () - R. Dahlgren Ex Reveal, 1992
        Order: Malpighiales () - C. Martius, 1835
        Family: Passifloraceae () - A.L. de Jussieu ex Roussel, 1806, nom. cons. - Passion-Flower Family
        Subfamily: Passifloroideae ()
        Tribe: Passifloreae ()
        Genus: Passiflora () - C. Linnaeus, 1753 - Passionflower
        Specific epithet: suberosa - L.
        Botanical name: - Passiflora suberosa L.

Synonyms

Cieca minima (L.) M. Roem. • Cieca suberosa (L.) Moench • Granadilla suberosa (L.) Gaertn. • Meioperis Suberosa • Meioperis suberosa (L.) Raf. • Monactineirma suberosa (L.) Bory • Passiflora pallida L.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Passiflora

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 265 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

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Notes

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Contributors

Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed March 27, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 26, 2007:

Australian National Herbarium
, Australian National Herbarium
Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Virtual Herbarium Darwin Core format
Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
, Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
National Herbarium of New South Wales, Plants of Papua New Guinea
SysTax, Herbarium Universitat Ulm
SysTax, SysTax
SysTax, Universidade Federal do Parana
Taiwan Biodiversity Information Facility, Magnoliophyta
USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2648067
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-22232
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13741613
Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:287426-2
GRIN Nomen Number: 27009
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 22232
International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 675493-1
Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDPAS010N0
U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PAPA22
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 51464

Footnotes

Yinzheng Wang, Shawn E. Krosnick, Peter Møller Jørgensen & David Hearn "Passifloraceae". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 141. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Yinzheng Wang, Shawn E. Krosnick & Peter Møller Jørgensen "Passiflora". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 141. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

Passiflora suberosa

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Passifloraceae

Genus Passiflora

Physical Description

Species Passiflora suberosa

Size/Age/Growth

Biology

Reproduction

Growth

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Notes

Similar Species

Members of the genus Passiflora

More Info

Further Reading

Notes

Contributors

Data Sources

Identifiers

Footnotes