Passiflora rubra

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Passifloraceae

Climbing herbs or lianas with axillary tendrils , rarely shrubs or trees , vegetative ramification through a supra-axillary bud. Leaves alternate (rarely subopposite), spirally arranged , simple or rarely compound , stipulate or not, petiolate , petiole or base of blade often with 1 to many glands ; leaf blade entire or lobed , venation pinnate or palmate, often with glands on margin and abaxial surface. Inflorescence cymose , axillary, sessile or pedunculate , primary axis often a tendril, secondary axis often reduced; bracts minute to foliaceous , sometimes glandular . Pedicels articulate distal to bracts. Flowers mostly actinomorphic , bisexual , functionally unisexual , or polygamous; perianth persistent , segments free or partially fused at base. Sepals (3-) 5(or 6) . Petals (3-) 5(or 6), imbricate. Corona inserted on hypanthium, composed of filaments or hairs often in multiple series. Stamens (4 or) 5(-60), inserted on androgynophore or at base of hypanthium; filaments free to base or sometimes partially fused; anthers dorsifixed , 2-celled, dehiscing via longitudinal slits, sometimes with apical appendage . Ovary (1-) 3(-5) -carpellate, superior, 1-loculed, sessile or stipitate on elongate androgynophore; placentation parietal ; ovules many, anatropous ; styles (1-) 3(-5), free to partially fused at base; stigmas globose , capitate, papillate , or divided . Fruit a berry or loculicidally 3(-5) -valved capsule. Seeds numerous , compressed , often beaked , enclosed by fleshy aril; testa reticulate or pitted ; endosperm copious , oily; embryo straight; cotyledons foliaceous.

About 16 genera and 660 species: mainly in tropical and subtropical areas, particularly diverse in the New World tropics; two genera and 23 species (seven endemic, seven introduced ) in China.[1]

Genus Passiflora

Herbaceous or woody perennial vines , rarely shrubs or trees . Leaves simple or rarely compound , alternate (subopposite in one species), entire or dissected , petiolate , usually with extra-floral nectaries on petiole and/or blade ; stipules linear to leaflike, often glandular . Inflorescence axillary , cymose ; peduncle often highly reduced or absent, central axis developed into a tendril , secondary axes often highly reduced to 1 or 2 flowers; bracts minute to foliaceous , sometimes glandular. Flowers bisexual (rarely plants dioecious) . Hypanthium broad to campanulate . Sepals 5, often petaloid , sometimes with a subapical projection. Petals 5 (rarely absent) . Corona present at base of perianth in one to several series of showy filaments ; innermost series (operculum) membranous, partially to entirely fused, margin entire or fimbriate, often incurved over nectar chamber; extra-staminal nectariferous disk (limen ) present around base of androgynophore , fused to base of hypanthium. Stamens (4 or) 5(-8) ; filaments free (rarely connate into a tube around ovary) ; anthers linear or oblong , dorsifixed , versatile. Ovary on androgynophore, stipitate or sessile, 3(-5) -carpellate; styles 3(-5), free; stigmas capitate. Fruit a berry (rarely a dehiscent capsule) . Seeds arillate , compressed , testa pitted ; endosperm oily, abundant; embryo straight; cotyledons elliptic or oblong-elliptic; germination epigeal (rarely hypogeal) .

About 520 species: mainly in tropical America and tropical Asia; 20 species (seven endemic, seven introduced ) in China.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 5,107 meters (0 to 16,755 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 18-24" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Decaloba rubra (L.) M. Roem. • Granadilla Rubra • Granadilla rubra (L.) Moench

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Passiflora

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 265 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

P. actinea (Passion Flower) · P. adenopoda (Passionflower) · P. affinis (Bracted Passion-Flower) · P. alata (Passionflower) · P. alata var. brasiliana (Wingstem Passionflower) · P. alata var. latifolia (Wingstem Passionflower) · P. allantophylla (Passionflower) · P. amalocarpa (Passionflower) · P. amethyst (Lavender Lady) · P. amethystina (Passion Flower) · P. amethystina 'Minas Gerais' (Passionflower) · P. amoena (Charming Passionflower) · P. ampullacea (Passion Flower) · P. anadenia (Tropical Passionflower) · P. anfracta (Passionflower) · P. antioquiensis (Passionflower) · P. antioquiensis var. trisecta (Banana Passionfruit) · P. apetala (Passion Flower) · P. arbelaezii (Passionflower) · P. arborea (Passionflower) · P. arida (Passion Flower) · P. astrophea (Passion Flower) · P. atropurpurea (Passion Flower) · P. aurantia (Passionflower) · P. auriculata (Passionflower) · P. belotii (Belot's Passionflower) · P. berteriana (Pasionaria De Cercas) · P. bicornis (Passion Flower Passiflora Bicornis) · P. biflora (Passion Vine) · P. bilobata (Twolobe Passionflower) · P. boenderi (Passion Flower) · P. bryonioides (Cupped Passion-Flower) · P. caerulea (Blue Passion Flower) · P. caerulea var. angustifolia (Blue-Crown Passionflower) · P. caerulea var. glauca (Blue-Crown Passionflower) · P. caerulea var. imbricata (Blue-Crown Passionflower) · P. caerulea var. regnellii (Blue-Crown Passionflower) · P. caerulea 'Clear Sky' (Blue Passion Flower) · P. caerulea 'Constance Eliott' (Passionflower 'constance Eliot') · P. caerulea 'Constance Elliott' (Blue Passion Flower) · P. caerulea 'Spyder' (Blue Crown Passion Flower) · P. caerulea 'Waterloo Blue' (Blue Passion Flower) · P. caeruleo-racemosa (Passionflower) · P. candida (Passionflower) · P. capsularis (Passion Flower) · P. ciliata (Fetid Passionflower) · P. ciliata var. riparia (Fringed Passionflower) · P. ciliata var. riparia C.Wright (Fringed Passionflower) · P. cincinnata (Crato Passionvine) · P. cincinnata var. imbricata (Crato Passionvine) · P. cincinnata var. minor (Crato Passionvine) · P. cinnabarina (Passionflower) · P. citrifolia (Passion Flower) · P. citrina (Citrus-Yellow Passion Flower) · P. coccinea (Passionflower) · P. coccinea 'Maui' (Passionflower) · P. colinvauxii (Colinvauxs Passion Flower) · P. colombiana (Passion Flower) · P. colvillii (Colville's Passionflower) · P. coriacea (Bat-Leaf Passion Flower) · P. cumbalensis (Rosy Passion Fruit) · P. cuprea (Passion Flower) · P. cyanea (Passion Flower) · P. dioscoreifolia (Passionflower) · P. discophora (Passionflowers) · P. edulis (Byron Beauty Hybrid Passionflower) · P. edulis f. edulis (Purple Passionfruit) · P. edulis f. flavicarpa (Brown-Seeded Passionfruit) · P. edulis var. flavicarpa (Yellow Passion Fruit Maracuja) · P. edulis var. kerii (Purple Granadilla) · P. edulis var. pomifera (Purple Granadilla) · P. edulis var. rubricaulis (Purple Granadilla) · P. edulis 'Frederick' (Granadilla) · P. edulis 'Golden Star' (Purple Granadilla 'golden Star') · P. edulis 'Mccain' (Granadilla) · P. edulis 'Nancy Garrison' (Granadilla) · P. filipes (Slender Passion-Flower) · P. fimbriatistipula (Passion Flower) · P. foetida (Fetid Passionflower) · P. foetida f. latifolia (Stinking Passionflower) · P. foetida f. suberecta (Stinking Passionflower) · P. foetida L. var. arizonica Killip (Arizona Passionflower) · P. foetida L. var. foetida L. (Fetid Passionflower) · P. foetida L. var. gossypiifolia (Desv. ex Ham.) Mast. (Cottonleaf Passionflower) · P. foetida L. var. isthmia Killip (Scarletfruit Passionflower) · P. foetida L. var. lanuginosa Killip (Scarletfruit Passionflower) · P. foetida var. acapulcensis (Stinking Passionflower) · P. foetida var. arida (Stinking Passionflower) · P. foetida var. arizonica (Arizonia Passionflower) · P. foetida var. balansae (Stinking Passionflower) · P. foetida var. ciliata (Stinking Passionflower) · P. foetida var. eliasii (Stinking Passionflower) · P. foetida var. fluminensis (Stinking Passionflower) · P. foetida var. foetida (Stinking Passionflower) · P. foetida var. galapagensis (Stinking Passionflower) · P. foetida var. gardneri (Stinking Passionflower) · P. foetida var. glaziovii (Stinking Passionflower) · P. foetida var. gossypifolia (Cottonleaf Passionflower) · P. foetida var. gossypiifolia (Cottonleaf Passionflower) · P. foetida var. hirsuta (Goat-Scented Passionflower)

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Further Reading

• A general history of the dichlamydeous plants, comprising complete descriptions of the different orders; together with the characters of the genera and species, and an enumeration of the cultivated varieties. .. the scientific names accentuated, t By George Don. London, J.G. and F. Rivington [etc.]1831-38. url p. 49.
• A general system of botany, descriptive and analytical in two parts; tr. from the original by Mrs. Hooker. .. with additions, an appendix on the natural method, and a synopsis of the orders by J.D. Hooker. London, Longmans, 1876. url p. 449.
• A general system of gardening and botany. Founded upon Miller's Gardener's dictionary, and arranged according to the natural system. By George Don. London, Printed for C. J. G. and F. Rivington, 1831-38. url p. 49.
• A manual of botany, including the structure, classification, properties, uses, and functions of plants. London, J & A. Churchill, 1887. url p. 563.
• A manual of botany: including the structure, classification, properties, uses, and functions of plants. London, John Churchill and Sons, 1870. url p. 540.
• A manual of poisonous plants: chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations / by L. H. Pammel. 1911 Cedar Rapids, Ia.: The Torch Press, 1910-11. url p. 841.
• A provisional list of the indigenous and naturalized flowering plants of Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica, Aston W. Gardner & Co., 1893. url .
• An annotated catalogue of types of the University of Illinois mycological collections (ILL) / Urbana: University of Illinois Press, c1997. url p. 37.
• An elementary course of botany: structural, physiological, and systematic / by Arthur Henfrey. London: John Van Voorst, 1878. url p. 271.
• Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Madrid: La Sociedad, url p. 274.
• Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York. New-York: 1824-1876. url p. 127.
• Biologia centrali-americana; or, Contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America. London, Pub. for the editors by R. H. Porter and Dulau & co., 1879-88. url .
• Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. 7 1920 [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 349.
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. 1879 Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. url p. 56.
• Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden. 4 1905-1907 Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., url p. 362.
• Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 44 1917 New York: Torrey Botanical Club, 1870-1996 url p. 19.
• Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden. New York: The Garden, 1899- url p. 19.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 50 2004 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 142, p. 211, p. 213, p. 334, p. 453, p. 462, p. 51, p. 6, p. 83.
• Contributions to North American ichthyology. Based primarily on the collections of the United States National Museum. Washington: Govt. print. off., 1877-78. url p. 56.
• Dedication papers: scientific papers presented at the dedication of the laboratory building and plant houses, April 19-21, 1917. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1918. url p. 72.
• Edwards, S. T. The Botanical register: consisting of coloured figures of. .. 4 1818 London: Printed for James Ridgway, 1815-1828. url , , , , , , , , , .
• Flora of Jamaica, containing descriptions of the flowering plants known from the island, by William Fawcett and Alfred Barton Rendle. London.Printed by order of the Trustees of the British Museum, 1910- url p. 233, p. 239.
• Flora of Peru / by J. Francis Macbride. 13 1941 Chicago, [Ill.]: Field Museum of Natural History, [1941] url p. 122.
• Flora of the island of St. Croix. By Charles Frederick Millspaugh. 1 1902 Chicago, 1902. url p. 512.
• J.M. Nickell's botanical ready reference: especially designed for druggists and physicians: containing all of the botanical drugs known up to the present time, giving their medical properties, and all of their botanical, common, pharmacopoea compiled by J. M. Nickell. Chicago: Murray & Nickell Mfg. Co., 1911. url p. 163.
• Memoir of the late William Wright, M. D. with extracts from his correspondence, and a selection of his papers on medical and botanical subjects. Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1828. url p. 228.
• Memoirs / Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Brooklyn, N.Y.: The Garden, 1918-1936. url p. 72.
• Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club. 17 1918 Durham, N.C.: Published for the Club by the Seeman Printery, 1889- url p. 162, p. 174, p. 491.
• Nicholson, G. The illustrated dictionary of gardening: a practical and scientific encyclopædia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists /edited by George Nicholson; assisted by J.W.H. Trail. .. and J. Garrett. .. 5 1884 London: L.U. Gill, [1884]-88. url p. 32.
• Novon a journal of botanical nomenclature from the Missouri Botanical Garden. 14 2004 St. Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical Garden, url p. 455, p. 456.
• Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia url p. 382.
• Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. 23 1882 Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. url p. 56.
• Studies in West Indian plants. New York, 1908-26. url p. 19.
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• The Bahama Islands, London, The Macmillan company, 1905. url p. 260.
• The Bahama flora, New York, The Authors, 1920. url .
• The Bahama flora, by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Charles Frederick Millspaugh. New York, Published by the authors, 1920. url p. 287, p. 287, p. 287, p. 287, p. 288, p. 288.
• The Bradley bibliography; a guide to the literature of the woody plants of the world published before the beginning of the twentieth century; Cambridge, Riverside Press, 1911-18. url p. 580.
• The Garden: an illustrated weekly journal of gardening in all its branches. London: [s.n., url p. 16, p. 404.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url , p. 247.
• The flora of St. Croix and the Virgin Islands, by Baron H.F.A. Eggers. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1879. url p. 56.
• The flora of the American Virgin Islands / N.L. Britton. New York: New York Botanical Garden, 1918. url p. 72.
• The flora of the Dutch West Indian islands St. Eustatius, Saba and St. Martin. Leyden, Brill, 1909. url p. 139, p. 275, p. 316.
• The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 2486, p. 56.
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• Bao Shihying. 1999. Passifloraceae. In: Ku Tsuechih, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 52(1): 97-120.
• Killip, The American Species of Passifloraceae (Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 19(1-2): 1-331, 333-613. 1938);
• de Wilde, A monograph of the genus Adenia Forsk. (Passifloraceae) (Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 71(18): 1-281. 1971)
• de Wilde, The Indigenous Old World Passifloras (Blumea 20: 227-250. 1973 ["1972"]).

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed March 27, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 15, 2007:

• Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Virtual Herbarium Darwin Core format
• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Herbier de la Guyane, Herbier de la Guyane
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2648074
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-22239
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13744278
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:675425-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 27005
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 22239
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 675425-1
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PARU3
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 53465

Footnotes

1. Yinzheng Wang, Shawn E. Krosnick, Peter Møller Jørgensen & David Hearn "Passifloraceae". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 141. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Yinzheng Wang, Shawn E. Krosnick & Peter Møller Jørgensen "Passiflora". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 141. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 1,038.890 meters (3,408.432 feet), Standard Deviation = 1,435.080 based on 72 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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