Passiflora caerulea (Blue Passion Flower)

Overview

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Interesting Facts

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Common Names

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Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in Afrikaans:

Siergrenadella

Common Names in Dutch:

Blauwe Passiebloem

Common Names in English:

Blue Passion Flower, Blue Crown Passionflower, Blue Passionflower, Blue-Crown Passionflower, Bluecrown Passionflower, Common Passion Flower, Hardy Passionflower

Common Names in French:

Fleur De La Passion, Passiflore Bleue, Passiflore Du Brésil, Passiflore Du Pérou

Common Names in German:

Blaue Passionsblume, Passionsblume

Common Names in Italian:

Fiore Della Passione, Passiflora, Passiflora Azzurra

Common Names in Portuguese:

Maracujá, Maracujá Azul, Maracujá De Flor Azu, Martírio Azul

Common Names in Spanish:

Flor De La Pasión, Flor De La Passió, Pasiflora, Pasionaria, Passionera

Common Names in unspecified:

Blue Passion Flower, Bluecrown Passionflower

Description

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Family Passifloraceae

Climbing herbs or lianas with axillary tendrils , rarely shrubs or trees , vegetative ramification through a supra-axillary bud. Leaves alternate (rarely subopposite), spirally arranged , simple or rarely compound , stipulate or not, petiolate , petiole or base of blade often with 1 to many glands ; leaf blade entire or lobed , venation pinnate or palmate, often with glands on margin and abaxial surface. Inflorescence cymose , axillary, sessile or pedunculate , primary axis often a tendril, secondary axis often reduced; bracts minute to foliaceous , sometimes glandular . Pedicels articulate distal to bracts. Flowers mostly actinomorphic , bisexual , functionally unisexual , or polygamous; perianth persistent , segments free or partially fused at base. Sepals (3-) 5(or 6) . Petals (3-) 5(or 6), imbricate. Corona inserted on hypanthium, composed of filaments or hairs often in multiple series. Stamens (4 or) 5(-60), inserted on androgynophore or at base of hypanthium; filaments free to base or sometimes partially fused; anthers dorsifixed , 2-celled, dehiscing via longitudinal slits, sometimes with apical appendage . Ovary (1-) 3(-5) -carpellate, superior, 1-loculed, sessile or stipitate on elongate androgynophore; placentation parietal ; ovules many, anatropous ; styles (1-) 3(-5), free to partially fused at base; stigmas globose , capitate, papillate , or divided . Fruit a berry or loculicidally 3(-5) -valved capsule. Seeds numerous , compressed , often beaked , enclosed by fleshy aril; testa reticulate or pitted ; endosperm copious , oily; embryo straight; cotyledons foliaceous.

About 16 genera and 660 species: mainly in tropical and subtropical areas, particularly diverse in the New World tropics; two genera and 23 species (seven endemic, seven introduced ) in China.[1]

Genus Passiflora

Herbaceous or woody perennial vines , rarely shrubs or trees . Leaves simple or rarely compound , alternate (subopposite in one species), entire or dissected , petiolate , usually with extra-floral nectaries on petiole and/or blade ; stipules linear to leaflike, often glandular . Inflorescence axillary , cymose ; peduncle often highly reduced or absent, central axis developed into a tendril , secondary axes often highly reduced to 1 or 2 flowers; bracts minute to foliaceous , sometimes glandular. Flowers bisexual (rarely plants dioecious) . Hypanthium broad to campanulate . Sepals 5, often petaloid , sometimes with a subapical projection. Petals 5 (rarely absent) . Corona present at base of perianth in one to several series of showy filaments ; innermost series (operculum) membranous, partially to entirely fused, margin entire or fimbriate, often incurved over nectar chamber; extra-staminal nectariferous disk (limen ) present around base of androgynophore , fused to base of hypanthium. Stamens (4 or) 5(-8) ; filaments free (rarely connate into a tube around ovary) ; anthers linear or oblong , dorsifixed , versatile. Ovary on androgynophore, stipitate or sessile, 3(-5) -carpellate; styles 3(-5), free; stigmas capitate. Fruit a berry (rarely a dehiscent capsule) . Seeds arillate , compressed , testa pitted ; endosperm oily, abundant; embryo straight; cotyledons elliptic or oblong-elliptic; germination epigeal (rarely hypogeal) .

About 520 species: mainly in tropical America and tropical Asia; 20 species (seven endemic, seven introduced ) in China.[2]

Physical Description

Species Passiflora caerulea

Herbaceous vines . Stem terete , slightly angulate , glabrous . Stipules reniform , ca. 1.2 cm, clasping , margin undulate ; petiole 2-3 cm, with 2-4(-6) small glands ; leaf blade 5-7 × 6-8 cm, papery , base cordate, margin entire, palmately (3-) 5(-9) -lobed; lobes ovate-oblong, middle lobe slightly larger than lateral lobes, glabrous. Inflorescence a reduced cyme, central flower not developed, one lateral branch converted to a tendril , flower opposite tendril; bracts broadly ovate , 2-3 cm, margin entire. Pedicel 3-4 cm. Flowers 6-8(-10) cm in diam. Sepals light green outside, white inside, 3-4.5 cm, awn 2-3 mm. Petals white to light green, 2.5-4 cm. Corona in 3 or 4 series, filamentous ; outer 2 series (0.6-) 1-1.5 cm, base dark purple, middle white, apex bright blue; inner 1 or 2 series 1-2 mm, base light green, apex white and capitate; operculum fimbricate, lobes dark purple, with annular nectary at base; disk 1-2 mm high; androgynophore 8-10 mm tall. Filaments ca. 1 cm, flat, free ; anthers oblong , ca. 1.3 cm. Ovary ovoid-globose; styles free, purple, 6-8 mm; stigma reniform. Berry orange-yellow or yellow, ovoid-globose or subglobose, ca. 6 cm. Seeds many, obcordate , ca. 5 mm. Fl. May-Jul. [source]

Habit: Vine

Flowers: Bloom Period: June, July, August. • Flower Color: blue-violet, near white, white

Size/Age/Growth

Size: over 40' tall.

Habitat

Cultivated [3].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,212 meters (0 to 13,819 feet).[4]

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 6-8' apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b. (map)

Taxonomy

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Domain: Eukaryota () - Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae () - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
  - Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae () - Cavalier-Smith, 1981
    - Phylum: Tracheophyta () - Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
      - Subphylum: Euphyllophytina ()
        Infraphylum: Radiatopses () - Kenrick & Crane, 1997
        Class: Spermatopsida () - Brongniart, 1843
        Subclass: Rosidae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Superorder: Violanae () - R. Dahlgren Ex Reveal, 1992
        Order: Malpighiales () - C. Martius, 1835
        Family: Passifloraceae () - A.L. de Jussieu ex Roussel, 1806, nom. cons. - Passion-Flower Family
        Subfamily: Passifloroideae ()
        Tribe: Passifloreae ()
        Genus: Passiflora () - C. Linnaeus, 1753 - Passionflower
        Specific epithet: caerulea - L.
        Form: tain plant hybrids in comparison with the for
        Botanical name: - Passiflora caerulea L.

Synonyms

Granadilla caerulea (L.) Medik. • Passiflora caerulea Loureiro ex Candolle (1828) • Passiflora loureiroi G. Don.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Passiflora

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 265 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

More Info

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Notes

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Contributors

Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed March 27, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 14, 2007:

Australian National Herbarium
, Australian National Herbarium
Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn, inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2648080
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-22245
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13733575
Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:674856-1
GRIN Nomen Number: 26951
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 22245
International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 674855-1
Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDPAS01280
U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PACA22
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 53880

Footnotes

Yinzheng Wang, Shawn E. Krosnick, Peter Møller Jørgensen & David Hearn "Passifloraceae". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 141. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Yinzheng Wang, Shawn E. Krosnick & Peter Møller Jørgensen "Passiflora". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 141. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
"Passiflora caerulea". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 141, 142, 146. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Mean = 221.420 meters (726.444 feet), Standard Deviation = 630.490 based on 121 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

Passiflora caerulea

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Passifloraceae

Genus Passiflora

Physical Description

Species Passiflora caerulea

Size/Age/Growth

Habitat

Biology

Reproduction

Growth

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Notes

Similar Species

Members of the genus Passiflora

More Info

Further Reading

Notes

Contributors

Data Sources

Identifiers

Footnotes