Passiflora alata (Passionflower)

Overview

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Interesting Facts

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Common Names

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Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in English:

Passionflower, Fragrant Granadilla, Winged-Stem Passion Flower, Wingstem Passion Flower, Wingstem Passionflower

Common Names in French:

Passiflore à Tiges Ailées, Passiflore Du Brésil, Passiflore Du Pérou

Common Names in Portuguese:

Maracujá-Grande, Maracutão

Common Names in Spanish:

Pasionaria

Description

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Family Passifloraceae

Climbing herbs or lianas with axillary tendrils , rarely shrubs or trees , vegetative ramification through a supra-axillary bud. Leaves alternate (rarely subopposite), spirally arranged , simple or rarely compound , stipulate or not, petiolate , petiole or base of blade often with 1 to many glands ; leaf blade entire or lobed , venation pinnate or palmate, often with glands on margin and abaxial surface. Inflorescence cymose , axillary, sessile or pedunculate , primary axis often a tendril, secondary axis often reduced; bracts minute to foliaceous , sometimes glandular . Pedicels articulate distal to bracts. Flowers mostly actinomorphic , bisexual , functionally unisexual , or polygamous; perianth persistent , segments free or partially fused at base. Sepals (3-) 5(or 6) . Petals (3-) 5(or 6), imbricate. Corona inserted on hypanthium, composed of filaments or hairs often in multiple series. Stamens (4 or) 5(-60), inserted on androgynophore or at base of hypanthium; filaments free to base or sometimes partially fused; anthers dorsifixed , 2-celled, dehiscing via longitudinal slits, sometimes with apical appendage . Ovary (1-) 3(-5) -carpellate, superior, 1-loculed, sessile or stipitate on elongate androgynophore; placentation parietal ; ovules many, anatropous ; styles (1-) 3(-5), free to partially fused at base; stigmas globose , capitate, papillate , or divided . Fruit a berry or loculicidally 3(-5) -valved capsule. Seeds numerous , compressed , often beaked , enclosed by fleshy aril; testa reticulate or pitted ; endosperm copious , oily; embryo straight; cotyledons foliaceous.

About 16 genera and 660 species: mainly in tropical and subtropical areas, particularly diverse in the New World tropics; two genera and 23 species (seven endemic, seven introduced ) in China.[1]

Genus Passiflora

Herbaceous or woody perennial vines , rarely shrubs or trees . Leaves simple or rarely compound , alternate (subopposite in one species), entire or dissected , petiolate , usually with extra-floral nectaries on petiole and/or blade ; stipules linear to leaflike, often glandular . Inflorescence axillary , cymose ; peduncle often highly reduced or absent, central axis developed into a tendril , secondary axes often highly reduced to 1 or 2 flowers; bracts minute to foliaceous , sometimes glandular. Flowers bisexual (rarely plants dioecious) . Hypanthium broad to campanulate . Sepals 5, often petaloid , sometimes with a subapical projection. Petals 5 (rarely absent) . Corona present at base of perianth in one to several series of showy filaments ; innermost series (operculum) membranous, partially to entirely fused, margin entire or fimbriate, often incurved over nectar chamber; extra-staminal nectariferous disk (limen ) present around base of androgynophore , fused to base of hypanthium. Stamens (4 or) 5(-8) ; filaments free (rarely connate into a tube around ovary) ; anthers linear or oblong , dorsifixed , versatile. Ovary on androgynophore, stipitate or sessile, 3(-5) -carpellate; styles 3(-5), free; stigmas capitate. Fruit a berry (rarely a dehiscent capsule) . Seeds arillate , compressed , testa pitted ; endosperm oily, abundant; embryo straight; cotyledons elliptic or oblong-elliptic; germination epigeal (rarely hypogeal) .

About 520 species: mainly in tropical America and tropical Asia; 20 species (seven endemic, seven introduced ) in China.[2]

Physical Description

Flowers: Bloom Period: July, August. • Flower Color: lavender, purple, red, violet

Size/Age/Growth

Size: over 40' tall.

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,476 meters (0 to 4,843 feet).[3]

Biology

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Growth

Culture: Space 18-24" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

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Domain: Eukaryota () - Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae () - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
  - Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae () - Cavalier-Smith, 1981
    - Phylum: Tracheophyta () - Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
      - Subphylum: Euphyllophytina ()
        Infraphylum: Radiatopses () - Kenrick & Crane, 1997
        Class: Spermatopsida () - Brongniart, 1843
        Subclass: Rosidae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Superorder: Violanae () - R. Dahlgren Ex Reveal, 1992
        Order: Malpighiales () - C. Martius, 1835
        Family: Passifloraceae () - A.L. de Jussieu ex Roussel, 1806, nom. cons. - Passion-Flower Family
        Subfamily: Passifloroideae ()
        Tribe: Passifloreae ()
        Genus: Passiflora () - C. Linnaeus, 1753 - Passionflower
        Specific epithet: alata - Dryander
        Botanical name: - Passiflora alata Dryander

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Passiflora

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 265 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

More Info

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Notes

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Contributors

Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed March 27, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 26, 2007:

Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
SysTax, Herbarium Universitat Ulm
SysTax, SysTax

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2670173
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-506142
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13763965
Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:674760-1
GRIN Nomen Number: 26941
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 506142
International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 674760-1
U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PAAL27
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 53870

Footnotes

Yinzheng Wang, Shawn E. Krosnick, Peter Møller Jørgensen & David Hearn "Passifloraceae". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 141. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Yinzheng Wang, Shawn E. Krosnick & Peter Møller Jørgensen "Passiflora". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 141. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Mean = 362.030 meters (1,187.762 feet), Standard Deviation = 944.370 based on 32 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

Passiflora alata

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Passifloraceae

Genus Passiflora

Physical Description

Size/Age/Growth

Habitat

Biology

Growth

Taxonomy

Notes

Similar Species

Members of the genus Passiflora

More Info

Further Reading

Notes

Contributors

Data Sources

Identifiers

Footnotes