Overview
Interesting Facts
Common Names
Common Names in English:
Longtom, Tropic Lalo
Description
Genus Paspalum
Perennials
or annuals
. Culms
tufted
, or with creeping
rhizomes and stolons. Leaf blades
linear
or narrowly lanceolate, flat; ligule membranous. Inflorescence composed of single, digitate or scattered
racemes
; rachis flat, often winged
; spikelets
single or paired
, pedicellate
in 2-4 rows
, densely crowded, lower lemma abaxial
. Spikelets orbicular
, ovate
or elliptic
plano-convex
; lower glume
absent or rarely present as a small scale; upper glume as long as spikelet or nearly so, rarely absent, convex
, membranous to subpapery, 3-7-veined; lower lemma resembling upper glume, flat, neuter
without palea; upper lemma usually coriaceous
to crustaceous
, rarely softer, margins
inrolled
, apex obtuse
to apiculate
. x = 10.
About 330 species:tropical and warm-temperate regions, especially in the New World; 16 species (two endemic, eight introduced
) in China.
This genus includes a number of good forage
grasses and also some widespread weeds
.[1]
Physical Description
Habit: Graminoid • Growth Form: Stoloniferous • Shape and Orientation: Semi-Erect
Flowers: Bloom Period: Late Spring • Flower Color: Yellow • Flower Conspicuous: No
Seeds: Seed per Pound: 8254000 • Seed Spread Rate: Moderate • Seedling Vigor: Medium • Fruit/Seed Abundance: Medium • Fruit/Seed Color: Brown • Fruit/Seed Conspicuous: No • Cold Stratification Required: No
Foliage: Foliage Color: Green • Foliage Porosity Summer: Moderate • Foliage Porosity Winter: Porous • Foliage Texture: Coarse • Fall Conspicuous: No • Leaf Retention: No
Size/Age/Growth
Active Growth Period: Spring , Summer, Fall • Growth Rate: Moderate • After Harvest Regrowth Rate: Slow • Mature Height (feet): 2.0 • Vegetative Spread Rate: Slow • Lifespan: Lifespan
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial • Coppice Potential: No • Progagated by Bulbs: No • Propagated by Bare Root: No • Propagated by Container: No • Propagated by Corms: No • Propagated by Cuttings: No • Propagated by Seed: Yes • Propagated by Sod: No • Propagated by Sprigs: Yes • Propagated by Tubers: No • Fruit/Seed Period Begin: Summer • Fruit/Seed Period End: Fall • Fruit/Seed Persistence: No
Growth
Soil: Adapted to Medium Textured: Adapted to Medium Textured Soils • Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils: No • Anaerobic Tolerance: Medium • Salinity Tolerance: None • CaCO3 Tolerance: Medium • Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 6.9 • Fertility Requirement: Medium
Sunlight: Shade Tolerance: Intermediate
Moisture: Drought Tolerance: Low • Minimum Precipitation: 30 • Maximum Precipitation: 50 • Moisture Use: High
Temperature: Minimum Temperature (F): 12 • Minimum Frost Free Days: 240
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- (Auct.) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Infraphylum:
Angiospermae
()
- Auct.
- Class:
Spermatopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Commelinidae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Juncanae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Poales
()
- Small, 1903
- Family:
Gramineae
()
- A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons., nom. alt.
- Subfamily:
Panicoideae
()
- Tribe:
Paniceae
()
- Subtribe:
Setariinae
()
- Genus:
Paspalum
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1759
- Crowngrass
- Specific epithet:
lividum
- Trin.
- Botanical name: - Paspalum lividum Trin.
- Specific epithet:
lividum
- Trin.
- Genus:
Paspalum
(
- Subtribe:
Setariinae
(
- Tribe:
Paniceae
(
- Subfamily:
Panicoideae
(
- Family:
Gramineae
(
- Order:
Poales
(
- Superorder:
Juncanae
(
- Subclass:
Commelinidae
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Angiospermae
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Similar Species
Members of the genus Paspalum
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 78 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
P. acuminatum (Book Paspalum) · P. almum (Comb's Crowngrass) · P. arundinaceum (Thick Ditch Crowngrass) · P. bakeri (Baker's Crowngrass) · P. bifidum (Pitchfork Crowngrass) · P. blodgettii (Blodgett's Crowngrass) · P. boscianum (Bull Crowngrass) · P. caespitosum (Blue Crowngrass) · P. clavuliferum (Hillside Crowngrass) · P. compressum (Savannah Grass) · P. conjugatum (Herbe Creole) · P. conspersum (Scattered Paspalum) · P. convexum (Latin American Crowngrass) · P. coryphaeum (Emperor Crowngrass) · P. decumbens (Decumbent Crowngrass) · P. densum (Dense Crowngrass) · P. denticulatum (Longtom) · P. dilatatum (Dallas Grass) · P. dilatatum dilatatum (Palpalum Dilate) · P. dispar (Mosquito Crowngrass) · P. dissectum (Mudbank Crowngrass) · P. distichum (Joint Paspalum) · P. fasciculatum (Mexican Crowngrass) · P. fimbriatum (Colombia Grass) · P. floridanum (Florida Paspalum) · P. fluitans (Horse-Tail Paspalum) · P. hartwegianum (Hartweg's Paspalum) · P. hieronymi (Paspalum) · P. hydrophilum (Water Paspalum) · P. intermedium (Intermediate Paspalum) · P. laeve (Field Paspalum) · P. laeve var. laeve (Field Paspalum) · P. langei (Rusty-Seed Paspalum) · P. laxum (Coconut Paspalum) · P. lividum (Longtom) · P. longifolium (Long-Leaved Paspalum) · P. macrophyllum (Bigleaf Paspalum) · P. malacophyllum (Ribbed Paspalum) · P. maritimum (Coastalsand Paspalum) · P. millegrana (Paja Brava) · P. minus (Mat Paspalum) · P. modestum (Water Paspalum) · P. molle (Soft Paspalum) · P. monostachyum (Gulfdune Paspalum) · P. nicorae (Brunswickgrass) · P. notatum (Bahia Grass) · P. notatum var. latiflorum (Bahiagrass) · P. notatum var. notatum (Bahiagrass) · P. notatum var. saurae (Bahiagrass) · P. notatum 'Argentine' (Bahia Grass) · P. notatum 'Pensacola' (Bahia Grass) · P. notatum 'Tifton 9' (Bahia Grass) · P. orbiculatum (Circular Paspalum) · P. paniculatum (Arrocillo) · P. parviflorum (Smallseed Paspalum) · P. pauciciliatum (Prostrate Dallis Grass) · P. paucispicatum (Large Knotgrass) · P. pleostachyum (Tropical Paspalum) · P. plicatulum (Brown-Seed Paspalum) · P. praecox (Early Paspalum) · P. pubiflorum (Hairy-Seed Paspalum) · P. pubiflorum var. pubiflorum (Hairyseed Paspalum) · P. pulchellum (Grand Paspalum) · P. quadrifarium (Tussock Paspalum) · P. racemosum (Peruvian Paspalum) · P. rupestre (Rock Paspalum) · P. scrobiculatum (India Paspalum) · P. scrobiculatum var. orbiculare (Ditch Millet) · P. secans (Slender Ditch Paspalum) · P. setaceum (Fringeleaf Paspalum) · P. thunbergii (Japanese Paspalum) · P. unispicatum (One-Spike Paspalum) · P. urvillei (Vasey Grass) · P. vaginatum (Seashore Paspalum) · P. vaginatum 'Te-13' (Seashore Paspalum) · P. virgatum (Talquezal) · P. virletii (Virlet Paspalum) · P. wrightii (Wrights Paspalum)
More Info
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Further Reading
- American grasses / Washington: Gov. Print. Off., 1897-1901. url p. 34.
- American grasses / by F. Lamson-Scribner. Washington: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Division of Agrontology, 1897- url p. 34.
- Aquatic and wetland plants of southwestern United States, by Donovan S. Correll and Helen B. Correll. [Washington]Environmental Protection Agency; [For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.]1972. url p. 295.
- Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. 17 1912 [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 184, p. 926.
- Bulletin / United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Agrostology. 1895-1897 Washington, D.C.: The Division, 1895-1901. url p. 12.
- Bulletin, Gulf Biologic Station, Baton Rouge, Louisiana State Board of Agriculture and Immigration., 1902-1910. url p. 11.
- Catalogue of the grasses of Cuba. By A. S. Hitchcock. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1909. url p. 203.
- Catalogue of the grasses of Cuba. Washington, Govt. print. off., 1909. url p. 203.
- Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 12 1908-1909 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 203, p. 237, p. 309, p. 444, p. 460, p. 484, p. 5, p. 527, p. 53, p. 53, p. 57, p. 634, p. 636, p. 744, p. 760, p. X.
- Experiment station record. Washington: G.P.O., 1889-1946. url p. 549.
- FWS/0BS. [Washington]Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior. url p. 216.
- Flora of Guatemala: part II: grasses of Guatemala / Jason R. Swallen; Bamboos / F.A. McClure. 24 1955 Chicago, Ill.: Chicago Natural History Museum, 1955. url p. 285.
- Flora of Peru... by J. Francis Macbride. 13 1936 Chicago, 1936- url p. 214.
- Flora of the southeastern United States; being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, and in Oklahom by John Kunkel Small. New York, The author, 1913. url p. 76, p. 76.
- Grasses of the West Indies. By A. S. Hitchcock and Agnes Chase. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1917. url p. 309.
- Grasses of the West Indies. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1917. url p. 309.
- Illustrations of North American grasses. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1891-93. url p. 221.
- Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. Washington [etc., Washington Academy of Sciences] url p. 436.
- Manual of the grasses of the United States / by A.S. Hitchcock. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1935. url p. 582, p. 920.
- Phytologia memoirs. Plainfield, N.J.: H.N. Moldenke and A.L. Moldenke, 1980- url p. 58.
- Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 108, p. 354, p. 94.
- Small, J. K. Flora of the southeastern United States;being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolin, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana and the Indian territory and in Oklahoma and Texas east of the one-hundredth meridian /by John Kunkel Small. .. 1903 New York: The author, 1903. url p. 71, p. 76.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 22, 2007:
- Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
- , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- UNIBIO, IBUNAM, MEXU/Plantas Vasculares
- University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
- Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2661151
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-41006
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13753690
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:414373-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 26875
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 41006
- MoBot NameID: 25513124
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMPOA4P0S0
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PALI7
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 53840
Footnotes
- Shou-liang Chen & Sylvia M. Phillips "Paspalum". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 1, 500, 526. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
