Overview
Interesting Facts
Common Names
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Common Names in English:
Herb Paris
Common Names in Romanian:
Dalac
Description
Genus Paris
Herbs perennial
. Rhizome slender or thickened. Stem erect
, simple
. Leaves 4 to many, very rarely 3, in a terminal
whorl, petiolate
, lanceolate to ovate
, with 3 main veins and anastomosing veinlets
. Flowers bisexual
, solitary, terminal, pedunculate
. Tepals 3--8, in 2 whorls, free
; outer ones green, rarely white, ovate to lanceolate; inner ones linear
or occasionally absent. Stamens 8--24 or more, 2--8 × as many as tepals; filaments
narrow, flat; anthers
basifixed
, often with convex
connective
apically. Ovary subglobose, 1-loculed with parietal placentation
or 4--10-loculed with axile placentation
. Style short; stigma lobes
4--10. Fruit a berry or a berrylike capsule, indehiscent or loculicidal, several to many seeded.
About 24 species: Bhutan, China, India, Japan, Korea, Laos, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Russia, Sikkim, Thailand, Vietnam; Europe; 22 species (12 endemic) in China.
The rhizomes of many species are used medicinally in China.[1]
Physical Description
Flowers: Bloom Period: April, May. • Flower Color: green
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 12-18" tall.
Habitat
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,500 meters (0 to 8,202 feet).[2]
Biology
Growth
Culture: Space 9-12" apart.
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Partial to Full Shade.
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Liliidae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Lilianae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Liliales
()
- Perleb, 1826
- Family:
Melanthiaceae
()
- Batsch, 1802, nom. cons.
- Genus:
Paris
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1753
- Specific epithet:
quadrifolia
- L.
- Botanical name: - Paris quadrifolia L.
- Specific epithet:
quadrifolia
- L.
- Genus:
Paris
(
- Family:
Melanthiaceae
(
- Order:
Liliales
(
- Superorder:
Lilianae
(
- Subclass:
Liliidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Synonyms
Paris Buadrifolia • Paris buadrifolia L. As By H. Li 1986 • Paris quadrifolius L. As By Himpel 1891
Notes
Publishing author
: L. Publication
: Sp.
Pl. 1: 367 1753 [1 May 1753]
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 09-Jul-2004
Similar Species
Members of the genus Paris
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 21 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
P. axialis (Paris) · P. bashanensis (Paris) · P. cronquistii (Paris) · P. daliensis (Paris) · P. delavayi (Paris) · P. fargesii (Paris) · P. fargesii var. petiolata (Paris) · P. hubeiensis (Paris) · P. luquanensis (Paris) · P. mairei (Paris) · P. marmorata (Paris) · P. polyphylla (Paris) · P. polyphylla var. alba (Paris) · P. polyphylla var. chinensis (Paris) · P. polyphylla var. stenophylla (Paris) · P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis (Paris) · P. quadrifolia (Herb Paris) · P. quadrifolius (Herb Paris) · P. thibetica (Paris) · P. vaniotii (Paris) · P. verticillata (Paris)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Judd, W.S., Campbell, C.S., Kellog, E.A. and Donoghue, M.J. (2002): Plant Systematics: a phylogenetic approach, Sinauer, Sunderland, Mass.
- JI Yun-Heng, ZHOU Zhe-Kun & LI Heng. 2007. Four new synonyms in the genus Paris (Trilliaceae. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 45: 388-390.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 16, 2012.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 17, 2007:
- Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
- Institute of Nature Conservation PAS, National System of Proetcted Areas
- NLBIF, Limnodata
- Steiermärkisches Landesmuseum Joanneum - Herbarium GJO, Herbarium GJO
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Plants
- Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum
- UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
- inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn, inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 1672797
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-283886
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 1039463
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:539724-1
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 539724-1
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 648397
Footnotes
- Liang Song-jun, Victor G. Soukup "Paris". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 88. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Mean = 283.140 meters (928.937 feet), Standard Deviation = 299.070 based on 10,866 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
