Papaver inexpertum

• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• Bibliography
• More Info
• Notes

Description

Family Papaveraceae

Herbs or subshrubs , shrubs , or small trees , annual , biennial, or perennial , scapose or caulescent , usually from taproots , sometimes from rhizomes; sap clear, white, or colored , often sticky. Stems leafy or naked, erect , spreading , or decumbent , simple or branching. Leaves basal and/or cauline, alternate to opposite or whorled , simple, without stipules, petiolate or sessile; blade unlobed or with 1-3 odd-pinnate, subpalmate, or palmate orders of lobes . Inflorescences axillary or terminal , unifloral or else multifloral and cymiform, racemose, umbelliform, corybiform, or paniculate , pedunculate or subsessile ; bracts usually present. Flowers radially symmetric , pedicellate or sessile; receptacle sometimes expanded and forming cup or ring beneath calyx (only in Eschscholzia, Meconella, and Platystemon ) ; perianth and androecium sometimes perigynous; sepals caducous , 2 or 3, distinct or connate , usually obovate ; petals distinct, usually obovate, mostly 2 times number of sepals, sometimes more or absent; stamens many or 4-15 (only in Meconella and Canbya ) ; anthers 2-locular; pistil 1, 2-18[-22]-carpellate; ovary 1-2-locular or incompletely to completely multilocular by placental intrusion; placentas 2 or more, parietal ; style 1 or absent; stigmas or stigma lobes 2-many. Fruits capsular , dehiscence valvate , poricidal , or transverse , or carpels dissociating and breaking transversely into 1-seeded segments (only in Platystemon ) . Seeds usually many, small, sometimes arillate or carunculate.

Genera 25-30 (17 genera, 63 species in the flora ) : worldwide, mainly Northern Hemisphere.

According to W. R. Ernst (1962b), Papaveraceae "may be divided conveniently into four subfamilies." His scheme is followed here, but with the subfamilies taken up in alphabetic order; they seem to be natural groups, but their phylogenetic interrelationships are not yet clear. Similarly, the evolutionary relationships within the subfamilies remain ambiguous, and the genera in each are listed alphabetically. Subfamily Chelidonioideae Ernst includes genera 1-5; subf. Eschscholzioideae Ernst, genera 6-7; subf. Papavaroideae Ernst, genera 8-14; and subf. Platostamenoideae Ernst, genera 15-17.Robert W. Kiger "Papaveraceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Genus Papaver

Herbs, annual , biennial, or perennial , scapose or caulescent , from taproots ; sap white, orange, or red. Stems when present leafy. Leaves: basal rosulate, petiolate ; cauline alternate, proximal leaves petiolate, distal subsessile or sessile, sometimes clasping (in P . somniferum ) ; blade unlobed or 1-3× pinnately lobed or parted ; margins entire or toothed , scalloped, or incised. Inflorescences cymiform, with flowers disposed in 1s, 2s or 3s on long scapes or peduncles ; bracts present; buds nodding [erect ]. Flowers: sepals 2(-3), distinct ; petals 4(-6) ; stamens many; pistil 3-18[-22]-carpellate; ovary 1-locular, sometimes incompletely multilocular by placental intrusion; style absent; stigmas 3-18[-22], radiating on sessile, ± lobed disc, velvety . Capsules erect, 3-18[-22]-pored or short-valved immediately beneath persistent or sometimes deciduous (in P . hybridum ) stigmatic disc. Seeds many, minutely pitted , aril absent. x = 7.

Species 70-100: temperate and arctic North America, Eurasia , n, s Africa, Australia.

Papaver is rich in alkaloids, notably opiates. The genus is quite complex cytologically; in addition to diploids, there are numerous polyploid species and some that apparently are aneuploid . Most commonly, n = 7 or a multiple , and 2 n ranges from 14 to over 100. There are published chromosome counts for almost every taxon in the flora , but for the introduced species none has been made from wild-collected North American material .

The scapose poppies in the flora are native ; the caulescent ones, except Papaver californicum, are introduced Eurasian ornamentals , crop weeds , and ballast waifs . All the scapose species are confined to arctic and alpine habitats . Plants of the introduced caulescent species, especially P . rhoeas, P . dubium, and P . somniferum, vary greatly in size, and surprisingly diminutive mature individuals are sometimes found, especially northward.Robert W. Kiger & David F. Murray "Papaver". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Taxonomy

Notes

Publishing author : Beck Publication : Fl. Nied. Oest. ii. I. 434 1892

Similar Species

Members of the genus Papaver

There are approximately 1096 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

P. anthemani · P. godroni · P. inexpertum · P. intercedens · P. kobayashii · P. moneti · P. nicholsonii · P. rupivagum · P. vesianii · P. vetteri · P. 'Beyond Red' · P. 'Bright Star' · P. 'Danish Flag' · P. 'Eccentric Silk' · P. 'Fire Ball' · P. 'French Grey' · P. 'Heartbeat' · P. 'Lauffeuer' · P. 'Matador' · P. 'Mulberry Moods' · P. 'Red Gauntlet' · P. 'Rhapsody in Red' · P. 'Tequila Sunrise' · P. 'The Cardinal' · P. 'Toki Woki' · P. 'Vesuvius' · P. 'Water Melon' · P. 'Witchery' · P. acrochaetum · P. aculeatum (South African Poppy) · P. aculeatum var. pusillum · P. aegadicum · P. aff. somniferum · P. agreste · P. agrivagum · P. ajanense · P. alaskanum alaskanum · P. alaskanum f. stenopetalum · P. alaskanum var. latilobum · P. alberti · P. albiflorum · P. albiflorum austromoravicum · P. albiflorum subsp. austromoravicum · P. alboroseum (Dwarf Pink Poppy) · P. album · P. album-nigrum · P. alpinum (Alpine Poppy) · P. alpinum 'Famecheck Double Orange' · P. alpinum 'Flore Pleno' · P. alpinum album · P. alpinum alpinum · P. alpinum cut petal · P. alpinum ernesti-mayeri · P. alpinum kerneri · P. alpinum lapeyrousianum · P. alpinum rhaeticum · P. alpinum sendtneri · P. alpinum suaveolens · P. alpinum subsp. lapeyrousianum · P. alpinum subsp. suaveolens · P. alpinum var. endressii · P. alpinum var. endressli · P. alpinum var. julicum · P. alpinum var. kamtschaticum · P. alpinum var. microcarpum (Alpine Poppy) · P. alpinum; · P. ambiguum · P. ameristophyllum · P. ammophilum · P. amoenum · P. amplexicaule · P. amurense (Poppy) · P. anadyrense · P. angrenicum · P. angustifolium · P. angustulum · P. anisotrichum · P. anjuicum · P. anomalum · P. anomalum album (Poppy) · P. anomalum var. chinense · P. anomalum var. hirsutum · P. anomalum var. hispidissimum · P. apicigemmatum · P. apokrinomenon (Poppy) · P. arachnoideum · P. arenarium · P. arenarium var. modestum · P. argemone (Long Pricklyhead Poppy) · P. argemone belangeri · P. argemone davisii · P. argemone f. belangeri · P. argemone f. glabrum (Long Pricklyhead Poppy) · P. argemone f. littoralis · P. argemone meiklei · P. argemone minus · P. argemone nigrotinctum · P. argemone subsp. belangeri · P. argemone subsp. davisii · P. argemone subsp. meiklei

Bibliography

• Ernst, W. R. 1962. A Comparative Morphology of the Papaveraceae. Ph.D. dissertation. Stanford University.
• Ernst, W. R. 1962b. The genera of Papaveraceae and Fumariaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 43: 315-343.
• Ernst, W. R. 1967. Floral morphology and systematics of Platystemon and its allies Hesperomecon and Meconella (Papaveraceae: Platystemonoideae). Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 47: 25-70.
• Fedde, F. 1936. Papaveraceae. In: H. G. A. Engler et al., eds. 1924+. Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, ed. 2. 26+ vols. Leipzig and Berlin. Vol. 17b, pp. 5-145.
• Fedde, F. 1909. Papaveraceae-Hypecoideae et Papaveraceae-Papaveroideae. In: H. G. A. Engler, ed. 1900-1953. Das Pflanzenreich. 107 vols. Berlin. Vol. 40[IV,104], pp. 1-430.
• Grey-Wilson, C. 1993. Poppies: A Guide to the Poppy Family in the Wild and in Cultivation. Portland.
• Gunn, C. R. 1980. Seeds and fruits of Papaveraceae and Fumariaceae. Seed Sci. Techn. 8: 3-58.
• Gunn, C. R. and M. J. Seldin. 1976. Seeds and Fruits of North American Papaveraceae. Washington. [U.S.D.A. Agric. Res. Serv., Techn. Bull. 1517.]
• Harms, H. 1936. Reihe Rhoeadales. In: H. G. A. Engler et al., eds. 1924+. Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, ed. 2. 26+ vols. Leipzig and Berlin. Vol. 17b, pp. 1-4.
• Hutchinson, J. 1925. Contributions towards a phylogenetic classification of flowering plants: V. The genera of Papaveraceae. Bull. Misinform. Kew 1925: 161-168.
• Kadereit, J. W. 1993. Papaveraceae. In: K. Kubitzki et al., eds. 1990+. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. 2+ vols. Berlin etc. Vol. 2, pp. 494-506.
• Stermitz, F. R. 1968. Alkaloid chemistry and the systematics of Papaver and Argemone. Recent Advances Phytochem. 1: 161-183.
• Kadereit, J. W. 1988. Sectional affinities and geographical distribution in the genus Papaver L. (Papaveraceae). Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 63: 139-156.
• Kadereit, J. W. 1990. Some suggestions on the geographical origin of the central, west and north European synanthropic species of Papaver L. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 103: 221-231.
• Kiger, R. W. 1973. Sectional nomenclature in Papaver L. Taxon 22: 579-582.
• Kiger, R. W. 1975. Papaver in North America north of Mexico. Rhodora 77: 410-422.
• Kiger, R. W. 1985. Revised sectional nomenclature in Papaver L. Taxon 34: 150-152.
• Novák, J. and V. Preininger. 1987. Chemotaxonomic review of the genus Papaver. Preslia 59: 1-13.

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 19, 2007.

Identifiers

• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1360443

Footnotes

©2004-2008 the BayScience Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.