Panicum anceps

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Description

Family Poaceae

Annual or perennial herbs, or tall woody bamboos . Flowering stems (culms ) jointed , internodes hollow or solid; branches arising singly from nodes and subtended by a leaf sheath and 2-keeled prophyll, often fascicled in bamboos. Leaves arranged alternately in 2 ranks , differentiated into sheath, blade , and an adaxial erect appendage at sheath/blade junction (ligule) ; leaf sheath surrounding and supporting culm-internode, split to base or infrequently tubular with partially or completely fused margins , modified with reduced blade in bamboos (culm sheaths) ; leaf blades divergent, usually long, narrow and flat, but varying from inrolled and filiform to ovate , veins parallel, sometimes with cross-connecting veinlets (especially in bamboos) ; ligule membranous or a line of hairs . Inflorescence terminal or axillary , an open, contracted , or spikelike panicle, or composed of lax to spikelike racemes arranged along an elongate central axis, or digitate, paired , or occasionally solitary; axillary inflorescences often many, subtended by spatheoles (specialized bladeless leaf sheaths) and gathered into a leafy compound panicle; spikelets often aggregated into complex clusters in bamboos. Spikelets composed of distichous bracts arranged along a slender axis (rachilla) ; typically 2 lowest bracts (glumes ) empty, subtending 1 to many florets ; glumes often poorly differentiated from accompanying bracts in bamboos. Florets composed of 2 opposing bracts enclosing a single small flower, outer bract (lemma) clasping the more delicate, usually 2-keeled inner bract (palea) ; base of floret often with thickened prolongation articulated with rachilla (callus) ; lemma often with apical or dorsal bristle (awn ), glumes also sometimes awned . Flowers bisexual or unisexual ; lodicules (small scales representing perianth) 2, rarely 3 or absent, 3 to many in bamboos, hyaline or fleshy ; stamens 3 rarely 1, 2, 6, or more in some bamboos, hypogynous, filaments capillary , anthers versatile; ovary 1-celled, styles (1 or) 2(rarely 3), free or united at base, topped by feathery stigmas, exserted from sides or apex of floret. Fruit normally a dry indehiscent caryopsis with thin pericarp firmly adherent to seed, pericarp rarely free, fleshy in some bamboos; embryo small or large; hilum punctate to linear .

About 700 genera and 11,000 species: widely distributed in all regions of the world.[1]

Genus Panicum

Annuals or perennials . Culms erect , geniculately ascending or decumbent . Leaves basal or cauline; leaf blades filiform or linear to lanceolate or ovate , usually flat. Inflorescence usually a terminal open panicle, variously condensed or occasionally spicate rarely racemose. Spikelets usually symmetrical and dorsally compressed , disarticulating below the glumes ; 2-flowered, the lower floret staminate or barren, the upper bisexual . Glumes herbaceous to membranous, ovate or oblong , obtuse to acute, acuminate or cuspidate ; lower usually shorter than the spikelet, rarely equal, an internode between the glumes sometimes present, upper glume as long as spikelet, or slightly shorter; lower lemma similar to upper glume, with or without a palea; upper floret coriaceous, bony or cartilaginous , the margins of the lemma inrolled and clasping the palea, apex obtuse to acute or apiculate , crested or excavated . Hilum rounded to oval . x = 9, 10.

About 500 species:pantropical, extending into temperate regions of North America; 21 species (four introduced ) in China.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,092 meters (0 to 3,583 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Panicum anceps var. rhizomatum (A. S. Hitchc. & Chase) Fern.
2. Panicum rhizomatum A. S. Hitchc. & Chase

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Fl. bor.-amer. 1:48. 1803

Name verified on 20-May-2003 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 20-May-2003

Similar Species

Members of the genus Panicum

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 2345 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

P. abludens · P. abortivum · P. abscissum (Cutthroat Grass) · P. abyssinicum · P. acariferum · P. accrescens · P. aciculare · P. aciculare var. aciculare · P. aciculare var. ovinum · P. acicularifolium · P. acostia · P. acroanthum · P. acromelaenum · P. acrotrichum · P. aculeatum · P. acuminatifolium · P. acuminatissimum · P. acuminatum · P. acuminatum var. acuminatum · P. acutatum · P. acutiflorum · P. acutifolium · P. acutiglumum · P. acutissimum · P. acutum · P. addisonii · P. adenense · P. adenophorum · P. adenophyllum · P. adenorhachis · P. adhaerens · P. adoense · P. adpressum · P. adscendens · P. adspersum · P. adspersum var. exile · P. adspersum var. neesii · P. adtenuatum · P. adustum · P. adustum var. leianthum · P. aegyptiacum · P. aegyptium · P. aemulum · P. aequabile · P. aequatum · P. aequiglume · P. aequinerve · P. aequivaginatum · P. affine · P. africanum · P. afrum · P. afzelii · P. agglutinans · P. agrioides · P. agrostideum · P. agrostidiforme · P. agrostis · P. agrostoides · P. agrostoides elongatum · P. airoides · P. akoense · P. alabamense · P. alatum (Winged Panicgrass) · P. alatum var. alatum (Winged Panicgrass) · P. alatum var. longiflorum (Winged Panicgrass) · P. alatum var. minus (Winged Panicgrass) · P. albemarlense · P. albens · P. albertense · P. albicomum · P. albidulum · P. albidum · P. albo-marginatum · P. albociliatum · P. albomaculatum · P. albomarginatum · P. albospiculatum · P. albovellereum · P. album · P. alcobense · P. aldabrense · P. alectromerum · P. alleizettei · P. almadense · P. alopecuroides · P. alopecuroideum · P. alopecuros · P. alopecurus · P. alsinoides · P. alsophilum · P. altissimum · P. altum · P. amabile · P. amadryadum · P. amaroides · P. amarulum · P. amarum (Smaller Sea-Beach Pea) · P. amarum amarulum · P. amarum amarulum var. amarulum (Coastal Panic Grass) · P. amarum 'Dewey Blue' (Bitter Panic Grass)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A preliminary catalogue of the flora of New Jersey. Comp. by N. L. Britton with the assistance of eminent botanists. New Brunswick, Office of the survey, 1881. ENG url p. 124.
• An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions, from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian, by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Ho New York, C. Scribner's Sons, 1913. ENG url p. 142.
• Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires: Impr. de Juan A. Alsina, 1895-1911. SPA url p. 152, p. 65.
• Anglo-russkii biologicheskii slovar' / [avtory, I. N. Afanas'eva et al.; spetsial'nye nauch. redaktory, O. I. Chibisova i L. A. Koziar]. Moskva: Russkii iazyk, 1979. ENG url p. 278.
• Annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of New York state, by Homer D. House. Albany, The University of the state of New York, 1924. ENG url p. 76.
• Aquatic and wetland plants of southwestern United States, by Donovan S. Correll and Helen B. Correll. [Washington]Environmental Protection Agency; [For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.]1972. ENG url p. 311, p. 317.
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. ENG url p. 135, p. 198.
• Bulletin, Gulf Biologic Station, Baton Rouge, Louisiana State Board of Agriculture and Immigration., 1902-1910. ENG url p. 20.
• Circular / United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Agrostology. Washington, D.C.: The Division, 1895-1901. ENG url p. 3, p. 4.
• Englert, J. 1999. New and upcoming native grass releases from the Eastern US Plant Materials Centers. In: Ritchie, J. C. et al., eds., Proceedings of the Second Eastern Native Grass Symposium, November 17-19, 1999. Baltimore, Maryland. (Proc E Nat Grass Sym) 2:129.
• FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America. (F NAmer)
• Flora Peoriana; the vegetation in the climate of middle Illinois. Peoria, Ill., J. W. Franks, 1887. ENG url p. 64.
• Flora of Delaware and the Eastern Shore: an annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of the peninsula of Delaware, Maryland and Virginia. [Wilmington]: Society of Natural History of Delaware, 1946. ENG url p. 42.
• Flora of Indiana, by Charles C. Deam. Indianapolis, Wm. B. Burford printing co., contractor for state printing and binding, 1940. ENG url p. 152, p. 153, p. 158, p. 159.
• Flora of Pennsylvania. Edited with the addition of analytical keys by John Kunkel Small. Boston, Ginn & Co., 1903. ENG url p. 20.
• Flora of West Virginia, by Charles Frederick Millspaugh and Lawrence William Nuttall. Chicago, 1896. ENG url p. 193, p. 193.
• Flora of the southern United States: containing an abridged description of the flowering plants and ferns of Tennessee, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida: arranged according to the natural system. By A.W. Chapman, M.D. T New York, Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor & co., 1883. ENG url p. 666.
• Hitchcock, A. S. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States, ed. 2. (Grass US)
• How to know the grasses; pictured-keys for determining the common and important American grasses, with suggestions and aids for their study. Dubuque, Iowa, W. C. Brown Co.[1954] ENG url p. 175.
• Jones, G. N. & G. D. Fuller. 1955. Vascular plants of Illinois. (F IllJones)
• Just's botanischer jahresbericht. Systematisch geordnetes repertorium der botanischen literatur aller länder. Berlin, Gebr. Borntraeger, 1874-98; GER url p. 133, p. 210.
• Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. (L US Can ed2)
• Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York. (F NE US)
• Memorie della Accademia delle Scienze di Torino. url p. 85.
• National list of scientific plant names. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1982- ENG url p. 295.
• Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science. Indianapolis, Ind.[s.n.] ENG url p. 365.
• Scientific survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands / New York Academy of Sciences. New York, N.Y.: The Academy, 1919- url p. 49.
• Some grasses of the Northeast: a key to their identification by vegetative characters. Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1962. ENG url p. 42.
• Sylloge fungorum omnium hucusque cognitorum. Digessit P. A. Saccardo. Patavii, sumptibus auctoris, 1882-1931. LAT url p. 791.
• Synopsis plantarum; seu, Enumeratio systematica plantarum plerumque adhuc cognitarum cum differentiis specificis et synonymis selectis ad modum Persoonii elaborata, auctore David Dietrich. Vimariae, B. F. Voigtii, 1839-1852. LAT url p. 274.
• The plants of Southern New Jersey; with especial reference to the flora of the Pine Barrens and the geographic distribution of the species. Trenton, 1911. ENG url p. 197.
• The plants of southern New Jersey; with especial reference to the flora of the pine barrens and the geographic distribution of the species. Trenton, 1911. ENG url p. 197.
• Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. Topeka, Kan.: Geo. W. Martin, ENG url p. 58, p. 86.
• Tulane studies in zoology and botany. New Orleans: Tulane University, [1968- ENG url p. 115.
• Chen Shouliang, Jin Yuexing, Zhuang Tide, Fang Wenzhe, Sheng Guoying, Liu Liang, Wu Zhenlan, Lu Shenglian, Sun Bisin, Hu Zhihao, Wang Song, Sun Xiangzhong, Wang Huiqin, Yang Xilin, Wang Chaopin, Li Binggui & Wen Shaobin. 1990. Gramineae (Poaceae) (4). In: Chen Shouliang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 10(1):1401
• Chen Shouliang, Zhuang Tide, Fang Wenzhe, Sheng Guoying, Jin Yuexing, Liu Liang, Sun Bisin, Hu Zhihao & Wang Song. 1997. Gramineae (Poaceae) (5). In: Chen Shouliang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 10(2): 1301
• Liu Liang, Zhu Taiping, Chen Wenli, Wu Zhenlan & Lu Shenglian. Gramineae (Poaceae) (2). In: Liu Liang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 1405
• Lu Sheng-lian, Sun Yong-hua, Liu Shang-wu, Yang Yong-chang, Wu Zhen-lan, Kuo Pen-chao, Yang Hsi-ling, Wang Chao-pin & Tsui Nai-ran. 1987. Gramineae (3). In: Kuo Pen-chao, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(3): 1329
• Wang Zhengping, Ye Guanghan, Yang Yaling, Yu Zehua, Hu Chenhua, Geng Bojie, Feng Xuelin, Jia Liangzhi, Xia Nianhe, Li Dezhu, Zhang Weiping, Xue Jiru, Zhu Zhengde, Zhao Qiseng, Chen Shouliang, Sheng Guoying, Chen Shaoyun, Yao Changyu, Lu Jionglin, Sun Jiliang, Lin Wantao, Yi Tongpei, Zhao Huiru, Wen Taihui & Dai Qihui. 1996. Gramineae (Poaceae) (1).

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 6, 2007.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 4 providers.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 30, 2008)
• USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:

• Missouri Botanical Garden
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics: Herbarium (UNA)
• USDA PLANTS: USDA PLANTS Database
• Utah State University: USU-UTC Specimen Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2661081
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-40904
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:410516-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 26438
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 40904
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMPOA4K050
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PARH3
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 53258

Footnotes

1. Shou-liang Chen, De-Zhu Li, Guanghua Zhu, Zhenlan Wu, Sheng-lian Lu, Liang Liu, Zheng-ping Wang, Bi-xing Sun, Zheng-de Zhu, Nianhe Xia, Liang-zhi Jia, Zhenhua Guo, Wenli Chen, Xiang Chen, Yang Guangyao, Sylvia M. Phillips, Chris Stapleton, Robert J. Soreng, Susan G. Aiken, Nikolai N. Tzvelev, Paul M. Peterson, Stephen A. Renvoize, Marina V. Olonova & Klaus Ammann "Poaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 22. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Shou-liang Chen & Stephen A. Renvoize "Panicum". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 500, 504, 510, 512, 513. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 161.690 meters (530.479 feet), Standard Deviation = 158.550 based on 854 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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