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Pachyrhizus erosus

(Auyey, Jicama, Manioc Cochon, Mexican Potato, Mexican Turnip, Mexican Yam, Patate Chinoise, Pois Cochon, Pois Maldioc, Pois Manioc, Wild Yam Bean, Yam Bean, Yambean)

Overview:

Threatened

Threat status

Conservation Status

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Population Analysis

  • For the 835,580 species in the Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons), we average 4.30 observations each in our database; for the Patate Chinoise, we have 155 observations. Compared to other species in this Class, this species is moderately common.
  • A two-sample t-test can be used to determine whether the trend in observations of the Patate Chinoise is the same as the trend in observations of Magnoliopsida. Is this species just as common, as a proportion of all observations, as it once was? The answer is no, changes in observation rate of this species significantly differ from changes in observation rate of its Class. (t=4.717, p<0.001)
  • How do observation rates of the Patate Chinoise differ from those of Magnoliopsida? To answer this, we examined the percentage of observerations for Magnoliopsida that were observations of the Patate Chinoise each year. We then correlated this percentage with observation year. If observations of the Patate Chinoise are becoming more common relative to other species of Magnoliopsida, the correlation should be positive, but if it is becoming less common, the correlation should be negative. In fact, the correlation is negative (r=-.39), with a negative slope (m = -.000), suggesting that the Patate Chinoise may be in decline relative to other species of Magnoliopsida. This correlation is statistically significant. (F = 39.1, p<.05)
  • The scatter chart to the right shows the percentage of all observations for Magnoliopsida each year that were observations of the Patate Chinoise.

Taxonomy

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Unambiguous Synonyms:

  1. Cacara bulbosa Thouars
  2. Cacara erosa (L.)Kuntze
  3. Cacara palmatiloba (DC.)Kuntze
  4. Dolichos articulatus Lam.
  5. Dolichos bulbosus L.
  6. Dolichos erosus L.
  7. Dolichos palmatilobus DC.
  8. Pachyrhizus angulatus DC.
  9. Pachyrhizus articulatus Walp.
  10. Pachyrhizus bulbosus (L.)Kurz
  11. Pachyrhizus erosus var. palmatilobus (DC.)R.T.Clausen
  12. Pachyrhizus erosus var. typicus R.T.Clausen
  13. Pachyrhizus jicamas Blanco
  14. Pachyrhizus palmatilobus (DC.)Benth. & Hook.f.
  15. Pachyrhizus strigosus R.T.Clausen
  16. Robynsia lobata M.Martens & Galeotti
  17. Robynsia macrophylla M.Martens & Galeotti
  18. Stizolobium bulbosum (L.)Spreng.
  19. Stizolobium domingense Spreng.
  20. Taeniocarpum articulatum (Lam.)Desv.

Notes:

Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: –

Place of publication: Symb. antill. 4:311. 1905

Name verified on 28-Oct-1988 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 22-May-1997

Physical Description

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Family Fabaceae:

The Fabaceae are herbs, vines, shrubs, trees, and lianas found in both temperate and tropical areas. They comprise one of the largest families of flowering plants, numbering 630 genera and 18,000 species. The leaves are stipulate, nearly always alternate, and range from bipinnately or palmately compound to simple. The petiole base is commonly enlarged into a pulvinus that commonly functions in orientation of the leaves (sometimes very responsively, as in the sensitive plant, Mimosa pudica). The flowers are usually bisexual, actinomorphic to zygomorphic, slightly to strongly perigynous, and commonly in racemes, spikes, or heads. The perianth commonly consists of a calyx and corolla of 5 segments each. The androecium consists of commonly 1- many stamens (most commonly 10), distinct or variously united, sometimes some of them reduced to staminodes. The pistil is simple, often stipitate, comprising a single style and stigma, and a superior ovary with one locule containing 2-many marginal ovules. The fruit is usually a legume, sometimes a samara, loment, follicle, indehiscent pod, achene, drupe, or berry. The seeds often have a hard coat with hourglass-shaped cells, and sometimes bear a u-shaped line called a pleurogram. [Carr]

Subfamily Faboideae:

Mostly herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves pinnate or palmate to trifoliolate or apparently simple. Corolla usually, showy, zygomorphic, the petals imbricate, posterior (upper or banner) petal outermost in bud. Stamens 10 or 9 + 1 (diadelphous), not showy. Pollen released in monads. Seeds with u-shaped line (pleurogram) lacking. [Carr]

Habit: Herb • Climbing: Climbing

Flowers: Bloom Period: September. • Flower Color: blue-violet

Distribution

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Range and Population

Native: Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla.

Reproduction

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Duration: Perennial

Growth

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Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 9a, 9b, 10a. (map)

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Pachyrhizus:

There are approximately 10 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus: P. ahipa (Yam Bean) · P. ahipa var. albiflora · P. arrosus · P. erosus (Auyey) · P. ferrugineus · P. orbicularis · P. panamensis · P. spsperosus · P. strigoasus · P. tuberosus (Ajipo)

Bibliography

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  • Aubréville, A. et al., eds. 1960–. Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Viet-Nam. (F CambLVN)
  • Burkart, A. E. 1952. Las leguminosas Argentinas - silvestres y cultivadas, ed. 2. (Leg Argent)
  • Duke, J. A. 1981. Handbook of legumes of world economic importance. (Leg WorldEc)
  • Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. (Zander ed13)
  • Flach, M. & F. Rumawas, eds. 1996. Plants yielding non-seed carbohydrates. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). (Pl Res SEAs) 9:137–141.
  • Hernandez,J. and Barbosa,C. 1988 Trianea 1:37-43.M.killipiana una nueva especie.de los Ande
  • Howard, R. 1974–1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles. (F LAnt) [cult.].
  • Huang, S. F. & T. C. Huang. 1987. Taxonomic treatment of the Papilionoideae (Leguminosae) of Taiwan. Taiwania 32:11-117. (Leg Taiwan)
  • Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
  • Malezasdemexico. Malezas de México - on-line resource. (Malezas Mex)
  • Maréchal, R. et al. 1978. Étude taxonomique d'un groupe complexe d'espèces des genres Phaseolus et Vigna (Papilionaceae) sur la base données morphologiques et polliniques, traitées par l'analyse informatique. Boissiera 28:249.
  • Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. (Food Feed Crops US)
  • McVaugh, R. 1983–. Flora Novo-Galiciana. (F NGalicia)
  • National Academy of Sciences. 1979. Tropical legumes: resources for the future. (Trop Leg)
  • Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) - on-line resource. (Pl Names)
  • Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. (Dict Rehm)
  • Sørensen, M. 1988. Nordic J. Bot. 8:177.
  • Sørensen, M. 1990. Agric. Univ. Wageningen Pap. 90–3:3.
  • Sørensen, M. 1996. Yam bean (Pachyrhizus DC.). In: International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. (Prom Underused Crops) 2:1–143.
  • Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946–1976. Flora of Guatemala. (F Guat)
  • Verdcourt, B. 1979. A manual of New Guinea legumes. (Leg NewGuin)
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  • Woodson, R. E. & R. W. Schery, eds. 1943–1980. Flora of Panama. (F Panama)

More Info

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Notes

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Contributors:

  • African Regional Workshop (Conservation and Sustainable Management of Trees, Zimbabwe) 1998. Pericopsis elata. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. &lt;www.iucnredlist.org&gt;. Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
  • BioSystematic Database of World Diptera, 7.0, 2005.
  • Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
  • Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Taxonomicon/]. Access date: Nov 23, 2005
  • Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 20, 2007.
  • Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed September 17, 2007.
  • Carr, Gerald
  • Fautin, Daphne G. (from Hexacorallians of the World).
  • Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed January 27, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
  • Hexacorallians of the World 2001.
  • Heyn CC & Heller D 1991/1993 (from ILDIS).
  • Home of the Xylariaceae 2006.
  • ILDIS World Database of Legumes, 10, Nov 2005
  • ILDIS World Database of LegumesNov 10, 2005.
  • Lewis GP, 1994/1995 (from ILDIS).
  • Light, Kris. East Tennessee Wildflowers
  • Newell CA, 1997 (from ILDIS).
  • Nghia, N.H. 1998. Dalbergia entadoides. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. &lt;www.iucnredlist.org&gt;. Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
  • Nielsen IC & Rico ML, 1994 (from ILDIS).
  • Nielsen IC and Rico ML, 1994 (from ILDIS World Database of Legumes).
  • Ocean Biogeographic Information System. Accessed March 01, 2006. www.iobis.org
  • Parhost World Database of FleasNov 2, 2005.
  • Pasquet RS, 2001-06 (from ILDIS).
  • Pippen, Jeffrey S. Jeff's Nature Page. Accessed December 8, 2007.
  • Podlech D, 1996 (from ILDIS).
  • Rhytismatales database 2006.
  • Schrire BD, 1994-10 (from ILDIS).
  • Sokoloff DD, 2001-03 (from ILDIS).
  • Species Fungorum 2006.
  • Stirton CH, 2001-06 (from ILDIS).
  • The Global Lepidoptera Names Index2, 12.2, 2005.
  • The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
  • The Virtual Field Herbarium.
  • Thomson, Christian (from Diptera).
  • USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 26, 2008)
  • USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
  • Vaz AMSF, 2001-05 (from ILDIS).
  • World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. Adenanthera intermedia. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. &lt;www.iucnredlist.org&gt;. Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
  • van der Maesen LJG, 1993 (from ILDIS).
  • van der Maesen, LJG, 2001-03 (from ILDIS).

Data Sources:

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal January 28, 2008:

Identifiers:

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Last Revised: May 30, 2008