Interesting Facts
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in English:
Fortune's Sweet Olive, Fortunes Osmanthus, Fortune`s Osmanthus
Common Names in Japanese:
Hiiragi-Mokusei
Description
Family Oleaceae
Trees
or erect
or scandent
shrubs
. Branches and branchlets
lenticellate
. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate or whorled
, simple
, trifoliolate
, or pinnately compound
, without stipules; venation
pinnate or palmate. Inflorescences terminal
or axillary
, in cymes, panicles, racemes
, umbels, or fascicles. Flowers actinomorphic
, bisexual
, rarely unisexual
or polygamous and plants
monoecious, dioecious, or polygamodioecious. Calyx 4(-16) -lobed or -parted, rarely absent. Corolla 4(-16) -lobed, sometimes almost free
to base
, rarely absent; lobes
sometimes united
in pairs at base or into a very short tube
. Stamens 2(-4), inserted
on corolla tube or hypogynous; anthers
dehiscing longitudinally; pollen 3-colpate or 3-colporate. Ovary superior, 2-loculed; ovules 2 in each locule, sometimes 1 or numerous
. Style 1 or absent; stigma 2-lobed or capitate. Fruit a drupe, berry, capsule, or samara. Seeds with straight embryo, with or without endosperm; radicle curved
upward or downward.
About 28 genera and over 400 species: tropical
, subtropical
, and temperate regions
of world, but mainly in Asia. China has 10 genera and 160 species (95 endemic) and is the center of diversity
for the genera Forsythia, Syringa, Osmanthus, and Ligustrum.
Many genera are important economically: Fraxinus and Forsythia (medicinal, ornamental
) ; Jasminum, Osmanthus, and Syringa (spice, ornamental) ; Olea (oil
) ; and Fraxinus (timber) .[1]
Genus Osmanthus
Shrubs
to small trees
, evergreen
. Leaves opposite, simple
, petiolate
; leaf blade
entire or serrate, usually glandular
dotted
. Inflorescences cymose
, fascicled in leaf axils
or in very short and axillary
or terminal
panicles; bracts 2, united
at base
, usually ciliate
. Flowers bisexual
, usually becoming unisexual
and plants
dioecious or androdioecious
. Calyx campanulate
, 4-lobed. Corolla usually white or yellowish, campanulate, cylindric
, or urceolate
, lobed
, parted
, or divided
almost to base; lobes
4, imbricate in bud. Stamens 2(-4), mostly attached to upper half of corolla tube
; connective
usually minutely mucronate
, elongated, or projecting
. Ovules 2 in each locule, pendulous. Stigma capitate or 2-cleft. Abortive
pistil subulate
or conical
. Fruit a drupe; endocarp hard or bony; endosperm fleshy
; radicle erect
.
About 30 species: SE Asia and America; 23 species in China.
The flowers are fragrant in all species; Osmanthus fragrans is a well-known spice plant.[2]
Physical Description
Habit: Erect
Flowers: Bloom Period: January, February, July, August. • Flower Color: White • Flower Conspicuous: Small clusters of fragrant white blooms
Size/Age/Growth
Growth Rate: Slow Growing • Size: Slow-growing if unpruned, reaches 15 to 20 feet high and as wide.
Landscaping
Care: Follow a regular watering schedule during the first growing season to establish a deep, extensive root system . Feed with a general purpose fertilizer before new growth begins in spring . For a tidy, neat appearance , shear annually to shape .
Biology
Growth
Culture: Space 8-10' apart.
Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 7.5
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full sun
Moisture: Water Requirements: Water regularly, when top 3 in. of soil is dry.
Temperature: Heat Zones: High: 12 (>210 days) Low:1 (< 1 days) (map) • Cold Hardiness: High:11 (Above 40 F) Low:8 (10 to 20 F) (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Synonyms
Osmanthus fortunei Carriere • Osmanthus X Fortunei Carriere
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
. Latest taxonomic
scrutiny: Saunders R.
M.
K
. 2003; Wang R. J. & Saunders R. M. K. in press
Place of publication
: Rev. Hort. (Paris) 35:69. 1864
Name verified on 23-May-2007 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last
updated: 23-May-2007
Similar Species
Members of the genus Osmanthus
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 25 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
O. americanus (American Devilwood) · O. americanus megacarpus (Devilwood) · O. americanus var. americanus (American Devilwood) · O. americanus var. megacarpus (Devilwood) · O. americanus var. microphyllus (Devilwood) · O. decorus (Osmanthus) · O. delavayi (Delavay Osmanthus) · O. fortunei (Fortune`s Osmanthus) · O. fragrans (Fragrant Olive) · O. fragrans 'Aurantiacus' (Fragrant Tea Olive) · O. fragrans 'Conger Yellow' (Conger Yellow Sweet Olive) · O. heterophyllus (False Holly) · O. heterophyllus f. subangustatus (Holly Osmanthus) · O. heterophyllus var. aureus (Holly Osmanthus) · O. heterophyllus var. variegatus (Variegated False Holly) · O. heterophyllus 'Goshiki' (Goshiki False Holly) · O. heterophyllus 'Gulftide' (False Holly) · O. heterophyllus 'Kembu' (False Holly) · O. heterophyllus 'Purpureus' (False Holly) · O. heterophyllus 'Sasaba' (False Holly) · O. heterophyllus 'Variegatus' (Variegated Holly Olive) · O. x burkwoodii (Osmanthus) · O. x fortunei (Fortune's Sweet Olive) · O. x fortunei 'Fruitlandii' (Fortunes Osmanthus) · O. x fortunei 'San Jose' (Fortunes Osmanthus)
More Info
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Further Reading
- Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage. (Zander ed14)
- Green, P. S. 1958. A monographic revision of Osmanthus in Asia and America. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22:505–508.
- Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. (Dict Gard)
- Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993–. Flora of Japan. (F Japan)
- Walters, S. M. et al., eds. 1986–. European garden flora. (Eur Gard F)
- Chang Mei-chen, Miao Bo-mao, Lu Rui-ling, & Qiu Lian-qing in: Chang Mei-chen & Qiu Lian-qing, eds. 1992. Oleaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 61: 1-222.
- Chang Mei-chen, Miao Bo-mao, Lu Rui-ling, & Qiu Lian-qing in: Chang Mei-chen & Qiu Lian-qing, eds. 1992. Oleaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 61: 1-222.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 30, 2008)
- USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
- World Species List of Annonaceae, 1.1, 2006.
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 9171309
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-505976
- GRIN Nomen Number: 26122
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 505976
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: OSFO
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 52880
Footnotes
- Mei-chen Chang, Lien-ching Chiu, Zhi Wei & Peter S. Green "Oleaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 272. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Osmanthus". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 286. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
