Interesting Facts
Description
Family Boraginaceae
Herbs perennial
, biennial, or annual
, less often lianas, shrubs
, or trees
, usually bristly
or scabrous-pubescent. Leaves simple
, exstipulate
, alternate, rarely opposite, entire or serrate at margin
. Inflorescences often double
scorpioid cymes, rarely solitary; bracts present or absent. Flowers bisexual
, actinomorphic
, rarely zygomorphic. Calyx usually 5-parted or lobed
, mostly persistent
. Corolla tubular
, campanulate
, rotate, funnelform
, or salverform
; tube
appendages
5, rarely more, mostly trapeziform, rarely absent, sometimes a ring
of hairs
present; limb usually 5-parted; lobes
overlapping, rarely twisted in bud. Stamens 5, inserted
on corolla tube or rarely at throat
, included
or rarely exserted; anthers
introrse
, 2-loculed, usually dorsifixed
at base
, less often medifixed
, dehiscence longitudinal
. Nectaries at base of corolla tube or on disc below ovary. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate; locules 2 and each with 2 ovules, or 4 and each with 1 ovule; ovules nearly atropous
, semianatropous, or anatropous
. Style terminal
or gynobasic
, branched or not. Gynobase
flat, fastigiate
, or subulate
. Fruit 1-4-seeded drupes or nutlets
(mericarps) ; nutlets mostly dry, often ornamented with wings
, prickles and/or glochids (stiff bristles
with barbed
or anchorlike tips
) . Seeds vertical
or oblique
, coat
membranous; embryo straight, less often curved
; cotyledons flat, fleshy
.
About 156 genera and 2500 species: temperate
and tropical regions
, centered in the Mediterranean region; 47 genera and 294 species in China, of which four genera and 156 species are endemic.[1]
Genus Onosma
Herbs biennial or perennial
, rarely subshrubs
, scabrous
. Leaves petiolate
or sessile, margin
entire. Cymes scorpioid, solitary at stem apex or terminating stems and branches and forming a panicle, usually elongated in fruit, bracteate
. Flowers actinomorphic
, pedicellate
or sessile. Calyx parted
to or nearly to base
; lobes
5, linear
or linear-lanceolate, equal, usually enlarged after anthesis
. Corolla blue, yellow, rarely white or red, tubular-campanulate or retrorse-conical, usually gradually expanded from base upward, rarely abruptly expanded from middle
; throat
unappendaged; nectary
ringlike or irregularly lobed
, pubescent
or glabrous
; lobes vertical
or recurved, margin dentate. Anthers
laterally coherent into a tube
or sagittate
at base, usually pellucid
, emarginate
, apex sterile
. Style included
or slightly exserted; stigma capitate. Gynobase
flat. Nutlets
4, erect
, ovate-triangular, length
and width
subequal
, adaxially usually ribbed
, abaxially slightly convex
; attachment scar
basal.
About 145 species: centered in Asia, 29 species in China.[2]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Asteridae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Solananae
(
)
- R. Dahlgren Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order:
Boraginales
(
)
- Dumortier, 1829
- Family:
Boraginaceae
(
)
- A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons.
- borage, bourraches
- Subfamily:
Boraginoideae
(
)
- Tribe:
Lithospermeae
(
)
- Genus:
Onosma
(
)
- Linnaeus, 1762
- Onosma
- Specific epithet:
arenaria
- Waldst. & Kit.
- Sandwort
- Botanical name: - Onosma arenaria Waldst. & Kit.
- Specific epithet:
arenaria
- Waldst. & Kit.
- Sandwort
- Genus:
Onosma
(
- Tribe:
Lithospermeae
(
- Subfamily:
Boraginoideae
(
- Family:
Boraginaceae
(
- Order:
Boraginales
(
- Superorder:
Solananae
(
- Subclass:
Asteridae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
An accepted name in the RHS Horticultural Database.
Similar Species
Members of the genus Onosma
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 3 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
O. echioides (Onosma) · O. sericea (Yellow Drop) · O. stellulata (Golden Drop)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Wang Wen-tsai, Liu Yu-lan, Zhu Ge-ling, Lian Yong-shan, Wang Jing-quan & Wang Qing-rui in Kung Xian-wu & Wang Wen-tsai, eds. 1989. Boraginaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 64(2): 1-253.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 13, 2012.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 29, 2007:
- Bundesamt für Naturschutz / Zentralstelle für Phytodiversität Deutschland, Bundesamt fuer Naturschutz / Zentralstelle fuer Phytodiversitaet Deutschland
- European Environment Agency, EUNIS
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Lund Botanical Museum
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5925329
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15252403
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:119534-1
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 876688
Footnotes
- Gelin Zhu, Harald Riedl & Rudolf V. Kamelin "Boraginaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 329. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Onosma". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 348. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
