Onopordum acanthium

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Compositae

The largest family of flowering plants , the Compositae (Asteraceae), comprising about 1,100 genera and more than 20,000 species and characterized by many small flowers arranged in a head looking like a single flower and subtended by an involucre of bracts. A head may consist of both ray flowers and disk flowers, as in the sunflower, of disk flowers only, as in the burdock, or of ray flowers only, as in the dandelion.

Genus Onopordum

Biennials, 50-400+ cm, coarse , prickly. Stems usually erect , ± branched, spiny-winged. Leaves basal and cauline; winged-petiolate (basal) or sessile (cauline) ; blade bases narrowing. margins pinnately lobed or divided and dentate , teeth and lobes tipped with stout spines. Heads discoid , borne singly or in corymbiform arrays; (peduncles 0 or spiny winged ). Involucres hemispheric to ovoid or spheric. Phyllaries many in 8-10+ series. linear to ovate , entire, tapered to stiff spines, middle and outer often spreading or reflexed . Receptacles flat to convex , epaleate, not bristly , alveolate with apically fringed pits. Florets many; corollas white or purple, actinomorphic or weakly zygmorphic, tubes slender, throats cylindric or narrowly goblet-shaped. lobes linear; anther bases acute-tailed, apical appendages subulate ; style branches: fused portions with minutely hairy nodes, long, cylindric, minutely papillate , distinct portions minute. Cypselae ± cylindric, 4-5-angled, usually ± transversely roughened, glabrous , attachment scars basal; pappi falling in ring , of many barbed or plumose bristles , basally connate . x = 17.

Species 25-60: introduced ; Eurasia .[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,793 meters (0 to 9,163 feet).[2]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Biennial

Growth

Culture: Space 24-36" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.6 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Onopordum Acanthium Lato

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Comment: Data Providers: African Flowering Plants Database , SANBI, New Zealand Plant Name Database, Govaerts World Compositae Checklist A-G, IPNI, Flora of China Checklist, Tropicos, Euro+Med, Flora of Tasmania Online, Australian Capital Territory Census, New Sou. GCC LSID: urn :lsid:compositae.org:names:BEB13DE0-7A1D-4C37-8B53-8491CB85A262

Last scrutiny: 14-Nov-09

Similar Species

Members of the genus Onopordum

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 6 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

O. acanthium (Cotton Thistle) · O. acanthium acanthium (Scotch Cotton Thistle) · O. illyricum (Illyrian Cottonthistle) · O. nervosum (Moors Cotton-Thistle) · O. nogalesii (Cardo Borriquero) · O. tauricum (Bull Cottonthistle)

More Info

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Further Reading

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• An encyclopædia of gardening; comprising the theory and practice of horticulture, floriculture, arboriculture, and landscape-gardening, including all the latest improvements; a general history of gardening in all countries; and a By J.C. Loudon. .. illustrated with many hundred engravings on wood by Branston. London: Printed for Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, 1827. url p. 1209.
• Annual report / Albany: University of the State of New York, 1902-1918. url p. 12, p. 16, p. 20, p. 44, p. 77.
• Bemerkungen auf einer Reise in die südlichen Statthalterschaften des russischen Reichs in den Jahren 1793 und 1794 Leipzig: Bey Gottfried Martini, 1801. url .
• C.E. Hobbs' Botanical hand-book: of common local, English, botanical and pharmacopœial names arranged in alphabetical order, of most of the crude vegetable drugs, etc., in common use: their properties, productions and uses in an abb Boston: Printed by C.C. Roberts, 1876. url .
• Chronological history of plants: man's record of his own existence illustrated through their names, uses, and companionship. Boston, Little, Brown & company, 1879. url .
• Compositae newsletter. Columbus, Ohio: Dept. of Botany, Ohio State University, 1975- url p. 15.
• Conversations on nature and art. Philadelphia: Lea & Blanchard, 1839. url .
• Cooperative economic insect report. Hyattsville, MD. [etc.]Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Service. url p. 480, p. 570.
• Edinburgh encyclopaedia, conducted by David Brewster. .. with the assistance of gentlemen eminent in science and literature. Edinburgh, Blackwood, 1830. url p. 284.
• English botany, or, coloured figures of British plants / edited by John T. Boswell Syme; the popular portion by Mrs. Lankester; the figures by J. Sowerby, J. de C. Sowerby, J.W. Salter, and John Edward Sowerby. London: G. Bell, 1873. url p. 2.
• Entomological news. [Philadelphia]American Entomological Society, 1925- url p. 169.
• Farm insects: being the natural history and economy of the insects injurious to the field crops of Great Britain and Ireland, and also those which infest barns and granaries, with suggestions for their destruction. Edinburgh, Blackie & Son, 1860. url p. 419.
• Flora diaetetica, or, History of esculent plants, both domestic and foreign: in which they are accurately described, and reduced to their Linnaean generic and specific names; with their English names annexed, and ranged under eleven general heads / by Charles Bryant. London: B. White, 1783. url , p. 146, p. 52, p. 66.
• Flora of Illinois, containing keys for identification of flowering plants and ferns. Notre Dame, Ind., University of Notre Dame Press, 1963. url p. 269.
• Flora of Sussex; or a list of the flowering plants & ferns found in the county of Sussex, with localities of the less common species. London, Simpkin [et al.]1907. url p. 58.
• Flora of the U.S.S.R. [Springfield, Va.: Israel Program for Scientific Translations; 1968- url p. 234, p. 645.
• Freaks and marvels of plant life; or, Curiosities of vegetation. London, Soc. for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1882. url p. 453, .
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. 1987 [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. url p. 216.
• Hardwicke's science-gossip: an illustrated medium of interchange and gossip for students and lovers of nature. London: Robert Hardwicke, 1866- url p. 68.
• How to find and name wild flowers; being a new method of observing and identifying upwards of 1, 200 species of flowering plants in the British isles; with an introduction by F.E. hulme. .. illustrated by the author, and with four autochrome plates by H. Essenhigh Corke. .. London, Cassell[1906-1930] url p. 218.
• Kalm's account of his visit to England: on his way to America in 1748 / London; Macmillan, 1892. url .
• Leaf-mining insects / by James G. Needham, Stuart W. Frost, Beatrice H. Tothill. Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins company, [c1928] url p. 314.
• Loudon's encyclopaedia of plants; comprising the specific character, description, culture, history, application in the arts, and every other desirable particular respecting all the plants indigenous to, cultivated in, or introduced in Edited by Mrs. Loudon, assisted by George Don and David Wooster. London, Longmans, Green, 1866. url p. 684.
• Memoirs of the American Entomological Society. Philadelphia, American Entomological Society, 1916- url p. 118, p. 128.
• Monograph of the land & freshwater Mollusca of the British isles. By John W. Taylor. .. with the assistance of W. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S., the late Charles Ashford, and other well-known conchologists. .. Leeds, Taylor brothers, 1894-19 url p. 149.
• Museum bulletin / Albany, N.Y.: University of the State of New York, 1908-1916. url p. 12, p. 16, p. 20, p. 44, p. 77.
• Novon a journal of botanical nomenclature from the Missouri Botanical Garden. 16 2006 St. Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical Garden, url p. 301.
• Papers and proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania. Hobart, Tasmania, The Society. url p. 72.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 338.
• Plant Form OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS url p. 24, p. 333.
• Plants, their natural growth and ornamental treatment, Belfast, Marcus Ward & Co., 1874. url , .
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Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 22, 2007:

• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
• Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien, Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• NLBIF, Limnodata
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plants, Field notes, Oslo
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Botany registration database by Danish botanists
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Botany
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Lund Botanical Museum
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Plants
• Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Environment and Heritage Service - EHS Species Datasets
• Utah Valley State College
• , Utah Valley State College Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2659065
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ast-452
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4490920
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:151702-3
• GRIN Nomen Number: 104466
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 38140
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDAST6Q010
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ONAC
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 12771

Footnotes

1. David J. Keil "Onopordum". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 57, 66, 83, 87, 96. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 128.490 meters (421.555 feet), Standard Deviation = 175.370 based on 4,266 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.