Overview
Interesting Facts
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in English:
Beargrass, Foothill Bear-Grass, Foothill Beargrass, Foothill Nolina, Mesa Sacahuista
Common Names in Spanish:
Palmilla De Chihuahua
Description
Genus Nolina
Plants
perennial
, cespitose or arborescent
, acaulescent
to short-caulescent, scapose
, from branched, woody caudices or bulblike structures; usually forming colonies with few to many rosettes. Stems to 25 dm. Leaves forming rosettes; blade
linear
, not rigid
or fibrous
, bases
broadly expanding, margins
serrulate
or entire. Scape 0.5-25 dm. Inflorescences paniculate
, rarely racemose, 3-18 dm; bracts caducous
or occasionally persistent
. Flowers 2-5 per node, functionally unisexual
, pistillate
flowers with staminodes, staminate flowers
with reduced pistils; tepals white to cream or tan, 1.3-5 mm, apex glandular
; ovary superior; pedicel jointed
near middle
. Fruits capsular
, 3-locular, 3-lobed, thin-walled or sometimes firm-walled, often inflated
, mostly notched
at base and apex or rounded
distally; dehiscent
, often splitting
irregularly. Seeds closely or loosely invested in capsules, globose
, turgid
. x
= 19.
Species ca.
30: North America (se and sw United
States), n and nc Mexico.
In areas of west Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, the species of Nolina are not always well defined. There is variation
in the presence or absence of marginal
teeth on the leaves and placement of the inflorescences within or beyond the leaves. Collectors
should take good notes
about the plant habit and morphology and include these with their collections
. Further study is needed on Nolina throughout its range
. Some species of Nolina are extremely infrequent. Some are on federal and/or state rare and endangered species lists
, and possibly some of those listed with a state should be listed federally.
J. C.
Dice (1988) studied section
Arborescens of Nolina in the United States, and presented extensive descriptions
and discussion of N. bigelovii, N. parryi, N. cismontana, and N. interrata.[1]
Physical Description
Species Nolina erumpens
Plants
acaulescent
, occasionally arborescent
, cespitose; rosettes
from vertical
, subterranean
, branched caudices. Stems 0-2.5 m.
Leaf
blades
stiff, somewhat carinate
, concavo-convex
, 80-170 cm ×
9-18 mm, not glaucous; margins
serrulate
, with close-set cartilaginous
teeth; apex lacerate
. Scape 1.5-3 dm, to 1.2 cm diam. Inflorescences
paniculate
, 4-9 dm × 7-18 cm, contained within rosettes, not
surpassing
leaves; bracts caducous
; bractlets
to 2 mm, margins hyaline
.
Flowers: tepals 1.6-2.2 mm; fruiting pedicel ascending
, proximal
to joint
1-1.5 mm, distal to joint 1.5-2.5 mm.
Capsules thin-walled,
inflated
, 2.6-4.4 × 3.5-5.7 mm, indistinctly notched
at apex.
Seeds closely invested in capsules, rounded
, bursting ovary walls,
1.5-2.5 × 1-1.5 mm. [source]
The leaves of Nolina erumpens have teeth that are at right
angles
to the margin. Compared with N. texana in common range
, N. erumpens
flowers much later in the spring
. [source]
Habit: Subshrub , Shrub
Flowers: Bloom Period: April.
Habitat
Rocky hillsides of limestone or igneous slopes in shrub-grasslands; 900--2300 m [2].
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Liliidae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Lilianae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Asparagales
(
)
- Bromhead, 1838
- Suborder:
Asparagineae
(
)
-
- Family:
Asparagaceae
(
)
- A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons.
- Subfamily:
Nolinoideae
(
)
- Genus:
Nolina
(
)
- A. Michaux, 1803
- Beargrass [for Abbé C. P. Nolin, eighteenth-century French arboriculturist and director of the royal nurseries]
- Specific epithet:
erumpens
- (Torr.) S.Watson
- Botanical name: - Nolina erumpens (Torr.) S.Watson
- Specific epithet:
erumpens
- (Torr.) S.Watson
- Genus:
Nolina
(
- Subfamily:
Nolinoideae
(
- Family:
Asparagaceae
(
- Suborder:
Asparagineae
(
- Order:
Asparagales
(
- Superorder:
Lilianae
(
- Subclass:
Liliidae
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Synonyms
Beaucarnea erumpens (Torrey) Baker • Dasylirion erumpens Torrey in W. H. Emory
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 09-Jul-2004
Similar Species
Members of the genus Nolina
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 20 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
N. arenicola (Sand Bear-Grass) · N. atopocarpa (Florida Bear-Grass) · N. bigelovii (Bigelow Beargrass) · N. bigelovii var. bigelovii (Bigelow's Nolina) · N. brittoniana (Britton's Bear-Grass) · N. cismontana (California Beargrass) · N. erumpens (Beargrass) · N. georgiana (Georgia Bear-Grass) · N. guatemalensis (Curly Nolina) · N. interrata (Dehesa Beargrass) · N. lindheimeriana (Beargrass) · N. longifolia (Oaxacan Tree Nolina) · N. matapensis (Sonoran Tree Bear Grass) · N. micrantha (Bear Grass) · N. microcarpa (Basket Grass) · N. nelsonii (Blue Nolina) · N. parryi (Bear Grass) · N. recurvata (Elephant's Foot Tree) · N. recurvata var. albomarginata 'Yellow Star' (Pony Tail Palm) · N. texana (Bunch Grass)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
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- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. [Washington, D.C.?]: Supt. of Docs., G.P.O., 1913-1923. url , p. 15, p. 19.
- Chopped soapweed as emergency feed for cattle on southwestern ranges / by C.L. Forsling. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1919. url p. 19.
- Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 2 1891-1894 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 437, p. 95, p. 96.
- Fibres from plants, indigenous and introduced, eligible for industrial culture and experiment in Victoria, Melbourne, R. S. Brain, government printer, 1894. url .
- Hand-list of tender momocotyledons, excluding Orchideae, cultivated in the Royal Gardens, Kew. London, Printed for H. M. S. O., by Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1897. url p. 211.
- Hand-list of tender monocotyledons, excluding Orchideae, cultivated in the Royal Gardens, Kew. 1897. LondonPrinted for H.M. Stationery Off. by Eyre and Spottiswoode1897 url p. 211.
- Journal of Hymenoptera research. Washington, D.C.: International Society of Hymenopterists, [1992- url p. 173.
- Naturalist's guide to the Americas, prepared by the Committee on the Preservation of Natural Conditions of the Ecological Society of America, with assistance from numerous organizations and individuals, assembled and edited by chairman, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1926. url p. 565.
- Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 8 1885 Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] url p. 495.
- Science. New York, N.Y.: [s.n.]1880- url p. 723.
- Text-book of pastoral and agricultural botany, for the study of the injurious and useful plants of country and farm, by John W. Harshberger. .. with 121 illustrations. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Son & Co., [c1920] url p. 213.
- Textbook of pastoral and agricultural botany, for the study of the injurious and useful plants of country and farm, by John W. Harshberger. .. with 121 illustrations. Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's Son & Co.[c1920] url p. 213, p. 213.
- The Garden: an illustrated weekly journal of gardening in all its branches. London: [s.n., url p. 137.
- The Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany. 18 1881 London: the Society: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green: ||Williams and Norgate, 1865-1968. url p. 235.
- Trees and shrubs of Mexico / By Paul C. Standley. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1920-1926. url p. 96.
- Dice, J. C. 1988. Systematic Studies in the Nolina bigelovii-N. parryi (Nolinaceae) Complex. M.S. thesis. San Diego State University.
- Trelease, W. 1911. The desert group Nolineae. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 50: 404-443.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 13, 2012.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
- "Nolina erumpens". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 416, 418. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
- The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
- USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
- World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Release date: November 27, 2009
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:
- USDA PLANTS: USDA PLANTS Database
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2662617
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-282156
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:538732-1
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 42985
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 538732-1
- MoBot NameID: 18401244
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMAGA08050
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: NOER
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 51680
Footnotes
- William J. Hess "Nolina". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 413, 414, 415, 416, 419. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Nolina erumpens". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 416, 418. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
