Overview
Interesting Facts
Common Names
Common Names in English:
Coyote Tabacco, Coyote Tobacco
Description
Family Solanaceae
Herbs, shrubs
, small trees
, or climbers
. Stems sometimes prickly, rarely thorny; hairs
simple
, branched, or stellate
, sometimes glandular
. Leaves alternate, solitary or paired
, simple or pinnately compound
, without stipules; leaf blade
entire, dentate
, lobed
, or divided
. Inflorescences terminal
, overtopped by continuing axes, appearing axillary
, extra-axillary
, or leaf opposed, often apparently umbellate
, racemose, paniculate
, clustered, or solitary flowers, rarely true cymes, sometimes bracteate
. Flowers mostly bisexual
, usually regular, 5-merous, rarely 4- or 6-9-merous. Calyx mostly lobed. Petals united
. Stamens as many as corolla lobes
and alternate with them, inserted
within corolla, all alike or 1 or more reduced; anthers
dehiscing longitudinally or by apical pores
. Ovary 2-5-locular; placentation mostly axile
; ovules usually numerous
. Style 1. Fruiting calyx often becoming enlarged, mostly persistent
. Fruit a berry or capsule. Seeds with copious
endosperm; embryo mostly curved
.
About 95 genera with 2300 species: best represented in western tropical
America, widespread in temperate
and tropical regions
; 20 genera (ten introduced
) and 101 species in China.
Some species of Solanaceae are known in China only by plants
cultivated in ornamental
or specialty gardens: Atropa belladonna Linnaeus, Cyphomandra betacea (Cavanilles) Sendtner, Brugmansia suaveolens (Willdenow) Berchtold & Presl, Nicotiana alata Link & Otto, and Solanum jasminoides Paxton.[1]
Genus Nicotiana
Herbs, shrubs
, or small trees
; pubescence
of simple
and glandular
hairs
. Leaves petiolate
or sessile, entire or subentire
. Inflorescences paniculate
, racemose, or reduced to solitary flowers; peduncle mostly erect
; bracts mostly present. Flowers sometimes showy, mostly fragrant, zygomorphic, 4- or 5-merous, pedicellate
. Calyx regular or irregular, tubular
or tubular-campanulate, lobed
. Corolla tubular, funnelform
, or salverform
; tube
lobed to subentire. Stamens inserted
below middle
of corolla tube; filaments
slender; anthers
dehiscing longitudinally. Disc ringlike, nectariferous
. Ovary 2-locular. Stigma 2-lobed. Fruiting calyx persistent, slightly inflated
, partially or completely enveloping fruit. Fruit a dry capsule dehiscing by apical valves
. Seeds numerous
, minute; embryo erect or slightly bent; cotyledons linear
.
About 95 species: Africa, Americas, Australia, and Oceania; three species are cultivated in China as drug plants
or as ornamentals
, at least one is naturalized
.[2]
Physical Description
Habit: Forb/herb
Habitat
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,998 meters (0 to 9,836 feet).[3]
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Annual
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Asteridae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Solananae
(
)
- R. Dahlgren Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order:
Solanales
(
)
- Dumortier, 1829
- Family:
Solanaceae
(
)
- A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons.
- nightshades, solanaces
- Subfamily:
Nicotianoideae
(
)
- Tribe:
Nicotianeae
(
)
- Genus:
Nicotiana
(
)
- C. Linnaeus, 1753
- Tobacco
- Specific epithet:
attenuata
- Torr. ex S. Wats.
- Botanical name: - Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.
- Specific epithet:
attenuata
- Torr. ex S. Wats.
- Genus:
Nicotiana
(
- Tribe:
Nicotianeae
(
- Subfamily:
Nicotianoideae
(
- Family:
Solanaceae
(
- Order:
Solanales
(
- Superorder:
Solananae
(
- Subclass:
Asteridae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Name Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Similar Species
Members of the genus Nicotiana
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 72 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
N. acuminata (Many-Flower Tobacco) · N. acuminata var. acuminata (Manyflower Tobacco) · N. acuminata var. multiflora (Manyflower Tobacco) · N. acuminata var. multiflora (Phil.) Reiche (Manyflower Tobacco) · N. alata (Flowering Tobacco) · N. alata Link & Otto 'Domino-serie F1 f. Farbenmischung' (Ornamental Tobacco) · N. alata Link & Otto 'Fragrant Delight' (Ornamental Tobacco) · N. alata 'Lime Green' (Flowering Tobacco) · N. alata Link & Otto 'Sperlings Brasilia' (Ornamental Tobacco) · N. alata Link & Otto 'Starship-Serie f.Mischung' (Ornamental Tobacco) · N. alata 'Domino Red' (Domino Red Flowering Tobacco) · N. alata 'Domino Salmon Pink' (Flowering Tobacco) · N. alata 'Hummingbird Appleblossom' (Flowering Tobacco) · N. alata 'Hummingbird Deep Rose' (Flowering Tobacco) · N. alata 'Hummingbird Purple Bicolor' (Flowering Tobacco) · N. alata 'Perfume Mix' (Flowering Tobacco) · N. alata 'Saratoga Red' (Flowering Tobacco) · N. attenuata (Coyote Tabacco) · N. clevelandii (Cleveland's Tobacco) · N. excelsior (Tobacco) · N. forgetiana (Tobacco) · N. glauca (Tree Tobacco) · N. glauca 'Salta Blues' (Blue Tree Tobacco) · N. glutinosa (Tobacco) · N. langsdorffii (Langsdorff's Tobacco) · N. langsdorfii (Flowering Tobacco) · N. langsdorfii 'Variegata' (Flowering Tobacco) · N. longiflora (Long-Flower Tobacco) · N. mutabilis (Flowering Tobacco) · N. mutabilis 'Marshmallow' (Flowering Tobacco) · N. obtusifolia (Desert Tobacco) · N. obtusifolia var. obtusifolia (Indian Tobacco) · N. obtusifolia var. palmeri (Desert Tobacco) · N. occidentalis (Native Tobacco) · N. paniculata (Tobacco) · N. plumbaginifolia (Tex-Mex Tobacco) · N. quadrivalvis (Indian Tobacco) · N. quadrivalvis Pursh var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf (Bigelow's Tobacco) · N. quadrivalvis Pursh var. wallacei (Gray) Mansf. (Wallace's Tobacco) · N. quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Bigelow's Tobacco) · N. quadrivalvis var. multivalvis (Indian Tobacco) · N. quadrivalvis var. quadrivalvis (Indian Tobacco) · N. quadrivalvis var. wallacei (Wallace's Tobacco) · N. repanda (Fiddle Leaf Tobacco) · N. rustica (Aztec Tobacco) · N. rustica var. rustica 'Asiatica' (Aztec Tobacco) · N. sanderae (Sander's Tobacco) · N. suaveolens (Austral Tobacco) · N. sylvestris (South American Tobacco) · N. sylvestris 'Only the Lonely' (Woodland Tobacco) · N. tabacum (Cultivated Tobacco) · N. tabacum 'Variegatum' (Tobacco) · N. tobaccum (Tobacco) · N. tomentosa (Tobacco) · N. trigonophylla Dunal var. trigonophylla Dunal (Desert Tobacco) · N. trigonophylla var. trigonophylla (Desert Tobacco) · N. velutina (Velvet Tobacco) · N. x sanderae 'Avalon Bright Pink' (Flowering Tobacco) · N. x sanderae 'Breakthrough Mix' (Breakthrough Mix Flowering Tobacco) · N. x sanderae 'Cranberry Island' (Flowering Tobacco) · N. x sanderae 'Fragrant Cloud' (Fragrant Cloud Flowering Tobacco) · N. x sanderae 'Havana Appleblossom' (Havana Appleblossom Flowering Tobacco) · N. x sanderae 'Heaven Scent' (Heaven Scent Flowering Tobacco) · N. x sanderae 'Nicki Mix' (Flowering Tobacco) · N. x sanderae 'Nicki Red' (Flowering Tobacco) · N. × sanderae 'Perfume Deep Purple' (Perfume Deep Purple Flowering Tobacco) · N. x sanderae 'Sensation' (Sensation Flowering Tobacco) · N. x sanderae 'Tinkerbell' (Flowering Tobacco) · N.'Domino Antique Shades' (Antique Shades Nicotiana) · N. 'Perfume Lime' (Flowering Tobacco) · N. 'Perfume Red' (Flowering Tobacco) · N. 'Stonecrop Mauve' (Flowering Tobacco)
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Further Reading
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- A flora of California, by Willis Linn Jepson. San Francisco, Calif., Cunningham, Curtis & Welch, 1909- url p. 450, p. 452, p. 453, p. 454.
- A flora of the South Fork of Kings River: from Millwood to the head waters of Bubbs Creek / by Alice Eastwood. [San Francisco]: Sierra Club, 1902. url p. 57.
- A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations, Cedar Rapids, Ia., The Torch Press, 1911. url .
- A popular California flora, or Manual of botany for beginners. Containing descriptions of flowering plants growing in central California, and westward to the ocean. With illustrated introductory lessons, especially adapted to San Francisco, A.L. Bancroft, 1882. url .
- A popular California flora, or, Manual of botany for beginners. With illustrated introductory lessons, especially adapted to the Pacific Coast. To which is added an Analytical key to west coast botany. Containing brief descripti San Francisco, The Whitaker & Ray Co., 1896. url .
- A popular California flora: or, Manual of botany for beginners with illustrated introductory lessons, especially adapted to the Pacific Coast; to which is added an analytical key to west coast botany, containing brief descripti by Volney Rattan. San Francisco: Whitaker & Ray, 1896. url .
- A popular California flora: or, manual of botany for beginners. ..: to which is added an Analytical key to west coast botany. .. / San Francisco: Bancroft, 1892. url .
- Aboriginal tobaccos, by William Albert Setchell. .. Lancaster? Pa., 1921 url p. 403, p. 410, p. 411, p. 412.
- American medicinal plants;: an illustrated and descriptive guide to the American plants used as homopathic remedies: their history, preparation, chemistry, and physiological effects. / By Charles F. Millspaugh, . ..; Illustrated by the author. New York; Boericke & Tafel., c1887. url .
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Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 02, 2008:
- Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
- Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database
- Utah Valley State College
- , Utah Valley State College Herbarium
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 1
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-30571
- GRIN Nomen Number: 102419
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 30571
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 816861-1
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDSOL0M030
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: NIAT
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 49788
Footnotes
- Zhi-Yun Zhang, Anmin Lu & William G. D'Arcy "Solanaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 300. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Nicotiana". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 331. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Mean = 1,404.830 meters (4,609.022 feet), Standard Deviation = 578.560 based on 303 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
