Narcissus pseudonarcissus

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Amaryllidaceae

Herbs perennial , rarely shrubby or treelike, often with bulbs, corms, rhizomes, or tubers. Leaves basal or cauline, often narrow, margin entire or spiny . Inflorescence a terminal spike, umbel, raceme , panicle, or flowers solitary. Flowers bisexual , actinomorphic or zygomorphic, usually subtended by 1 to several spathaceous involucres. Perianth segments 6, in 2 whorls, free or connate to form a short tube , with or without a corona . Stamens 6, inserted at perianth throat or at base of segments; filaments sometimes basally connate; anther dorsifixed or basifixed , mostly introrse . Ovary inferior, 3-loculed; ovules few to many per locule; placentation axile . Style slender; stigma capitate or 3-lobed. Fruit a capsule, usually loculicidal, sometimes dehiscing irregularly, rarely a berry. Seeds with endosperm.

More than 100 genera and 1200 species: tropical , subtropical , and temperate regions worldwide; ten genera and 34 species (14 endemic, four introduced ) in China.[1]

Genus Narcissus

Herbs perennial , scapose , from ovoid , tunicate bulbs. Leaves (1-) several; blade linear to ligulate , flat to semiterete, fleshy . Inflorescences umbellate in clusters of 2-20, or solitary, spathaceous ; spathe 1-valved, enclosing buds, membranous or papery . Flowers pedicellate or sessile, erect or declinate , often fragrant; tepals 6, connate proximally, distinct and reflexed to ascending distally, yellow and/or white; perianth tube surmounted by a cupular to trumpetlike corona with margins often frilled; stamens 6, epitepalous, often of 2 lengths ; filaments separate from corona; anthers basifixed ; ovary inferior, 3-locular; style often exserted; stigma minutely 3-lobed. Fruits capsular , 3-locular, papery to leathery, dehiscence loculidical. Seeds numerous , subglobose, often with elaiosomes; testa black. x = 7, 11.

Species ca. 26: introduced ; Europe, n Africa, Asia; introduced and naturalized elsewhere.

Narcissus species and especially a vast array of their natural hybrids and garden cultivars are among the most popular spring flowers (A. Huxley et al. 1992) . Many species are extremely variable due to horticultural selection and naturalization. Besides the following species, many of the cultivars also may persist around old gardens, although they never fully naturalize .

All parts of the plant are poisonous, especially the bulb, due to phenanthridine alkaloids such as narcissine and lycorine (G. E. Burrows and R. J. Tyrl 2001) .[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Roadsides, fields , waste places; 0--1000 m [3].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,303 meters (0 to 4,275 feet).[4]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 6-9" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Publishing author : L. Publication : Sp. Pl. 1: 289 1753 [1 May 1753]

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 09-Jul-2004

Similar Species

Members of the genus Narcissus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 22637 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

N. amancaes (Daffodil) · N. assoanus (Daffodil) · N. bulbocodium (Bulbocodium Hybrid Narcissus) · N. bulbocodium var. conspicuus (Bulbocodium Hybrid Narcissus) · N. bulbocodium var. conspicuus 'Golden Bells' (Miniature Daffodil) · N. bulbocodium 'Kenellis' (Bulbocodium Hybrid Narcissus) · N. canaliculatus (Miniature Daffodil) · N. cantabricus var. foliosus (Hoop Petticoat Daffodil) · N. cyclamineus (Cyclamen Daffodil) · N. cyclamineus var. Chaffinch (Chaffinch Daffodil) · N. cyclamineus var. Garden Princess (Daffodil) · N. cyclamineus var. Little Witch (Daffodil) · N. cyclamineus var. Wanda (Daffodil) · N. cyclamineus 'Tete-a-Tete' (Daffodil) · N. incomparabilis (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla (Apodanthus Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Adventure (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Bambi (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Brackenhurst (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Cavaliero (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Chanterelle (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Cindy Wood (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Court Martial (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Dickcissel (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Duet (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Gerbrand Kieft (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Gigantic Star (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Golden Sunbeam (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Happy Hour (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Ice Follies (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Inca Gold (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Jetfire (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Lanarth (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Little Gem (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Lunar Sea (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Makassar (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Merkara (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Monal (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Red Sunrise (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Spectacular (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Springdale (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. stellaris (Jonquil) · N. jonquilla var. Strephon (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Stresa (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Strines (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. St. Keverne (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Sundial (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Sweetness (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Water Music (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Whiteley Gem (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Wodan (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla var. Yellow Sun (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla 'Bell Song' (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla 'Bunting' (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla 'Flycatcher' (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla 'Intrigue' (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla 'Nirvana' (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla 'Sun Disc' (Apodanthus Daffodil) · N. jonquilla 'Trevithian' (Daffodil) · N. jonquilla 'Triller' (Daffodil) · N. medioluteus (Daffodil) · N. minor (Narcissus) · N. minor 'Little Gem' (Daffodil 'little Gem') · N. nanus 'Midget' (Daffodil) · N. obvallaris (The Tenby Daffodil) · N. odorus (Campernelle Jonquil) · N. papyraceus (Daffodil) · N. poeticus (Daffodil) · N. poeticus poeticus (Poet's Narcissus) · N. poeticus radiiflorus (Poet's Narcissus) · N. poeticus var. Actaea (Daffodil) · N. poeticus var. recurvus (Pheasants Eye) · N. poeticus 'Glory of Lisse' (Poeticus Daffodil) · N. poeticus 'Ornatus' (Poeticus Daffodil) · N. pseudonarcissus (Common Daffodil) · N. pseudonarcissus f. pleniflorus (Common Daffodil) · N. pseudonarcissus moschatus (Species Narcissus) · N. pseudonarcissus obvallaris (Tenby Daffodil) · N. pseudonarcissus pseudonarcissus (Common Daffodil) · N. pseudonarcissus 'Princeps' (Daffodil) · N. pseudonarcissus subsp. pseudonarcissus (Double Lent Lily) · N. romieuxii 'Sunray' (Sunray Daffodil) · N. tazetta (Bunch-Flowered Daffodil) · N. tazetta var. chinensis (Suisen) · N. tazetta var. orientalis (Chinese Sacred Lily) · N. triandrus (Angels Tears) · N. triandrus var. Lapwing (Daffodil) · N. triandrus var. Piculet (Daffodil) · N. triandrus var. Ruth Haller (Daffodil) · N. triandrus var. Thalia (Daffodil) · N. triandrus var. Wanda (Daffodil) · N. var. Adventure (Daffodil) · N. var. Ascot (Daffodil) · N. var. Bartizan (Daffodil) · N. var. Bloemfontein (Daffodil) · N. var. Bogside (Daffodil) · N. var. Bookmark (Daffodil) · N. var. Bright Lights (Daffodil) · N. var. Butterflower (Daffodil) · N. var. Butterscotch (Daffodil)

More Info

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Further Reading

• 1997 IUCN red list of threatened plants Cambridge: IUCN, World Conservation Union, 1998 url p. 619.
• A first report on the relations between climates and crops. By Cleveland Abbe. Washington [D.C.]: Govt. Print. Off., 1905. url p. 194.
• Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. Helsinki: Societas, 1875-1980. url p. 26.
• An illustrated dictionary of medicine, biology and allied sciences. .. by George M. Gould. 5th ed., with additions and corrections. PhiladelphiaP. Blakiston's Son1907 url p. 1203.
• Annual report of the New York State College of Agriculture at Cornell University and the Agricultural Experiment Station. [Ithaca, N.Y.?], 1911-1971. (Albany, N.Y.: url p. 1626.
• Bartonia;proceedings of the Philadelphia botanical club. .. 1986-1992 Philadelphia, Philadelphia Botanical Club, Academy of Natural Sciences. url p. 22.
• Botanic drugs, their materia medica, pharmacology, and therapeutics, by Thomas S. Blair. Cincinnati, O.: The Therapeutic digest publishing co., 1917. url p. 237.
• Botanisk tidsskrift / utgivet af den Botaniske forening i Kbenhavn. Kbenhavn: G.E.C. Gads Forlag, 1866-1981. url p. 380, p. 403.
• British journal of entomology and natural history. [London]: British Entomological and Natural History Society, 1988- url p. 180.
• Bulb propagation and trade study WWF url p. 27, p. 29.
• Catalogue of scientific papers (1800-1900) Comp. by the Royal society of London. Cambridge, C. J. Clay and sons, 1867-1902; url p. 799.
• Catalogue of scientific papers, 1800-1900. Compiled by the Royal Society of London. London, C.J. Clay and Sons, 1867-1902 [etc.] Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1914-25. url p. 799.
• Chemical investigations of the rhubarb plant / [New Haven]: Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 1939. url p. 75.
• Comparative anatomy of the vegetative organs of the phanerogams and ferns / by A. de Bary; translated and annotated by F.O. Bower and D.H. Scott; with 241 woodcuts and an index. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1884. url p. 409.
• Contributions towards a fauna and flora of the county of Cork, read at the meeting of the British association held at Cork in the year 1843. The Vertebrata by Dr. Harvey. The Mollusca, Crustacea and Echinodermata by J.D. Humphreys. The flora by Dr. Power. (Published by the Cuvierian society of Cork) London, J. Van Voorst, 1845. url p. 63.
• Flora Malesiana. general editor, C.G.G.J. van Steenis. Djakarta: Noordhoff-Kolff, 1950- url p. 355, p. 373.
• Flora of the U.S.S.R. [Springfield, Va.: Israel Program for Scientific Translations; 1968- url p. 372.
• Freaks and marvels of plant life; or, Curiosities of vegetation. London, E. & J. B. Young[1881] url .
• Hardwicke's science-gossip: an illustrated medium of interchange and gossip for students and lovers of nature. London: Robert Hardwicke, 1866- url p. 268.
• Jenaische Zeitschrift fr Naturwissenschaft. Jena, Gustav Fischer [etc.]. url p. 652.
• Journal of genetics. Cambridge: University Press, 1910-1977. url p. 149.
• Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society. Oxford [etc.]Royal Microscopical Society. url p. 429.
• Lectures on plant physiology / by Ludwig Jost; authorized English translation by R.J. Harvey Gibson. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1907. url p. 447.
• Lectures on plant physiology / translated by R.J. Harvey Gibson. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1907. url p. 447.
• Lectures on plant physiology. Authorized English translation by R.J. Harvey Gibson. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1907. url p. 447.
• List of intercepted plant pests / United States Department of Agriculture, Plant Quarantine and Control Administration. [Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O.], 1932- url p. 84.
• List of rare, threatened and endemic plants in Europe (1982 edition) Council of Europe url p. 55.
• Midland naturalist. London: Hardwicke and Bogue, 1878- url p. 118, p. 119.
• Natural history of Selborne, and observations on nature / by Gilbert White; with the text and new letters of the Buckland edition; introduction by John Burroughs; illustrations by Clifton Johnson. Toronto: Musson Book Co., 1904. url p. 219.
• Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. 4 1907 Edinburgh: H. M. Stationery Off. url p. 161.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 16.
• Plant physiology; authorized English translation by R. J. HarveyGibson; supplement incorporating the alterations of the 2d ed. of the German original. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1913. url p. 447.
• Poisonous plants of Canada / [Ottawa]: Agriculture Canada, 1990. url p. 11, p. 87.
• Proceedings and transactions of the British Entomological and Natural History Society. London, British Entomological and Natural History Society. url p. 12, p. 120.
• Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington, Biological Society of Washington url p. 232, p. 33.
• Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Sydney, Linnean Society of New South Wales. url p. 295, p. 302.
• Protected Landscapes: experience around the world. Prepared for the International Symposium on Protected Landscapes, Grange-over-Sands, England 5-10 October 1987 IUCN url p. 188.
• Researches about atmospheric phenomena. By Thomas Forster. London: Printed for Harding, Mavor, and Lepard, 1823. url p. 359, p. 372, p. 401.
• Senior botany. London, Univ. Tutor. Press, 1918. url p. 291.
• Standardized plant names; a catalogue of approved scientific and common names of plants in American commerce. Salem, Mass., 1923. url p. 109.
• Textbook of theoretical botany, by R. C. McLean and W. R. Ivimey-Cook. London, Longmans, Green[1951- url p. 2021.
• The Biological bulletin. Woods Hole, Mass.: Marine Biological Laboratory, url p. 40, p. 41.
• The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url p. 44.
• The Catholic yearbook: comprehending, the circle of the seasons and key to the calendar and almanac, or the natural history, religious festivals and miscellaneous customs of the whole year adapted for all succeeding years; [by Thomas Ignatius Maria Forster] London: Keating and Brown, 1833. url p. 67.
• The Entomologist's record and journal of variation. s.l., s.n. url p. 147, p. 23.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url p. 372.
• The flora of Berkshire; being a topographical and historical account of the flowering plants and ferns found in the county, with short biographical notices of the botanists who have contributed to Berkshire botany during the Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1897. url p. 483.
• The flora of Dumfriesshire, including part of the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright, by G.F. Scott-Elliot. Assisted by J. M'Andrew [and others] DumfriesJ. Maxwell, 1896. url p. 170.
• The lipids, their chemistry and biochemistry. New York, Interscience Publishers, 1951-57. url p. 559, p. 901.
• The natural history & antiquities of Selborne in the county of Southampton, by Gilbert White, with illustrations in colour by George Edward Collins... London: Macmillan and co., limited, 1911. url p. 389.
• The natural history and antiquities of Selborne, in the county of Southampton / by the Rev. Gilbert White London: Swan Sonnenschein, 1888 url .
• Trade in bulbs. Phase 1: report IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre url p. 45, p. 71.
• Qian Xiao-hu, Chen Sing-chi, Hsu Yin, Hu Zhi-bi, Huang Xiu-lan & Fan Quan-jin. 1985. Amaryllidaceae. In: Pei Chien & Ting Chih-tsun, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 16(1): 1--42.
• Blanchard, J. W. 1990. NarcissusA Guide to Wild Daffodils. Woking.
• Jefferson-Brown, M. J. 1991. Narcissus. Portland. Meyer, F. G. 1966. Narcissus species and wild hybrids. Amer. Hort. Mag. 45: 4776.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 18, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 19, 2007:

• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
• Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien, Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien
• Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Plants
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Scottish Borders Biological Records Centre - SWT Scottish Borders Local Wildlife Site Survey data 1996-2000 - species information
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
• University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 1
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-281926
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 5165859
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:66177-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 25045
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 503930
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 66342-3
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMLIL1K030
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: NAPS
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 46728

Footnotes

1. Zhanhe Ji & Alan W. Meerow "Amaryllidaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 264. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Gerald B. Straley & Frederick H. Utech "Narcissus". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 53, 54, 294. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. "Narcissus pseudonarcissus". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 294, 295. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
4. Mean = 131.530 meters (431.529 feet), Standard Deviation = 156.990 based on 2,954 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.