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• Physical Description
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Taxonomy

Notes:

Division 2Y-R. Introduced 1950.

A tentatively accepted name in the RHS Horticultural Database.

Physical Description

Family Liliaceae:

Herbs perennial, with a rhizome, bulb, or corm, rarely shrubby or treelike. Leaves basal and/or cauline, alternate, opposite, or whorled, parallel or rarely reticulate veined. Inflorescence a raceme, panicle, spike, umbel, reduced panicle, or other, or flowers solitary. Flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual, actinomorphic, rarely zygomorphic; bracts present or absent; bracteoles present or absent. Perianth usually corollalike, 6-merous, rarely 4- or 8-merous, in 2 whorls; segments free (tepals) or united. Stamens 6, rarely 3, 4, or 8, inserted opposite perianth segments; filaments free or adnate to perianth, rarely connate into a corona; anthers usually 2-loculed, basifixed or dorsifixed and versatile, introrse, latrorse, or extrorse, dehiscing usually by vertical slits. Carpels usually connate for most or all of their length, rarely only at base; ovary superior, rarely semi-inferior, 3-loculed, rarely 2- or 4-loculed, with axile placentae, or rarely 1-loculed with a parietal placenta; ovules usually anatropous. Nectaries septal, perigonal, or absent. Fruit a capsule or berry. Seeds with abundant endosperm and small embryo.

About 250 genera and 3500 species: worldwide, especially in temperate and subtropical regions; 57 genera (three endemic, two introduced) and 726 species (379 endemic, 11 introduced) in China.^[1]

Genus Narcissus:

Herbs perennial, scapose, from ovoid, tunicate bulbs. Leaves (1-) several; blade linear to ligulate, flat to semiterete, fleshy. Inflorescences umbellate in clusters of 2-20, or solitary, spathaceous; spathe 1-valved, enclosing buds, membranous or papery. Flowers pedicellate or sessile, erect or declinate, often fragrant; tepals 6, connate proximally, distinct and reflexed to ascending distally, yellow and/or white; perianth tube surmounted by a cupular to trumpetlike corona with margins often frilled; stamens 6, epitepalous, often of 2 lengths; filaments separate from corona; anthers basifixed; ovary inferior, 3-locular; style often exserted; stigma minutely 3-lobed. Fruits capsular, 3-locular, papery to leathery, dehiscence loculidical. Seeds numerous, subglobose, often with elaiosomes; testa black. x = 7, 11.

Species ca. 26: introduced; Europe, n Africa, Asia; introduced and naturalized elsewhere.

Narcissus species and especially a vast array of their natural hybrids and garden cultivars are among the most popular spring flowers (A. Huxley et al. 1992) . Many species are extremely variable due to horticultural selection and naturalization. Besides the following species, many of the cultivars also may persist around old gardens, although they never fully naturalize.

All parts of the plant are poisonous, especially the bulb, due to phenanthridine alkaloids such as narcissine and lycorine (G. E. Burrows and R. J. Tyrl 2001) .^[2]

Images:

Similar Species

Members of the genus Narcissus:

There are approximately 4,660 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them: N. abilii · N. abilioi · N. alejandrei · N. alleniae · N. aloysii-villarii · N. andorranus · N. aranensis · N. aureo-tinctus · N. backhousei · N. barkei · N. barrae · N. barri · N. bergidensis · N. brevitubulosus · N. burbidgei · N. buxtoni · N. carpetanus · N. carringtonii · N. cazorlanus · N. chevassuti · N. christianssenii · N. christopheri · N. confinalensis · N. consolationis · N. cyclazetta · N. dichromus · N. dordae · N. emeritensis · N. ernii · N. felineri · N. fenzii · N. galdoanus · N. georgemawii · N. gredensis · N. grenieri · N. hannibalis · N. herminii · N. humei · N. incurvicervicus · N. intermedius · N. koshinomurae · N. leda · N. leedsii · N. libarensis · N. litigiosus · N. lopezii · N. maginae · N. magni-antonii · N. margaritae · N. martinoae · N. mastersianus · N. monochromus · N. montcaunicus · N. montielanus · N. montserratii · N. montsiccianus · N. nelsonii · N. neocarpetanus · N. pacensis · N. paedagogorum · N. petri-mariae · N. ponsii-sorollae · N. praviani · N. princeps · N. pugsleyi · N. pyrenaicus · N. rafaelii · N. raianus · N. romoi · N. rozeirae · N. rupidulus · N. sampaianus · N. somedanus · N. spofforthiae · N. stenanthus · N. susannae · N. taiti · N. tridymus · N. tuckeri · N. turgaliensis · N. vallrutae · N. victoriae · N. xaverii · N. 'Ababa' · N. 'Abalone' · N. 'Abba' (Double Daffodil) · N. 'Aberfoyle' · N. 'Abraxis' · N. 'Abstract' · N. 'Accent' (Daffodil) · N. 'Acclamation' · N. 'Accolade' · N. 'Accord' · N. 'Achduart' · N. 'Achentoul' · N. 'Achnasheen' · N. 'Acropolis' (Double Daffodil) · N. 'Actaea' (Daffodil) · N. 'Acumen' · N. 'Adele Thomson'

Bibliography

• Blanchard, J. W. 1990. NarcissusA Guide to Wild Daffodils. Woking.
• Jefferson-Brown, M. J. 1991. Narcissus. Portland. Meyer, F. G. 1966. Narcissus species and wild hybrids. Amer. Hort. Mag. 45: 4776.
• Wang Fa-tsuan & Tang Tsin, eds. 1978; 1980. Liliaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 15: 1--280; 14: 1--308.

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Notes

Identifiers:

• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 711439

Footnotes:

1. Xinqi Chen, Prof. Song-Yun Liang, Jie-mei Xu, David E. Boufford, Michael G. Gilbert, Rudolf V. Kamelin, Shoichi Kawano, Tetsuo Koyama, Elena V. Mordak, Junko Noguchi, Victor G. Soukup, Hiroshi Takahashi, Kamilla G. Tamanian, Minoru N. Tamura & Nicholas J. Turland "Liliaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 73. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
2. Gerald B. Straley  & Frederick H. Utech "Narcissus". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 53, 54, 294. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.