Nandina domestica

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Shrub , native to China and Japan, wood very hard, sacred to Chinese.

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Berberidaceae

Herbs or shrubs [trees ], perennial , evergreen or deciduous, sometimes rhizomatous . Stems with or without spines. Leaves alternate, opposite, or fascicled, simple , 2-3-foliolate, or 1-3-pinnately or 2-3(-4) -ternately compound ; stipules present or absent; venation pinnate or palmate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary , racemes , cymes, umbels (or umbel-like), spikes, or panicles, or flowers solitary or in pairs, flowers pedicellate or sessile. Flowers bisexual , inconspicuous or showy, radially symmetric ; stipitate glands absent (except in Vancouveria ) ; sepaloid bracteoles 0-9; perianth sometimes absent ( Achlys ), more frequently present, 2- or 3-merous, or sepals and petals intergrading ( Nandis ) ; sepals 6, distinct , often petaloid and colored , not spurred ; petals 6-9, distinct, plane or hooded ; nectary present; stamens 6; anthers dehiscing by valves or longitudinal slits; ovary superior, apparently 1-carpellate; placentation marginal or appearing basal; style present or absent, sometimes persistent in fruit as beak . Fruits follicles, berries , or utricles. Seeds 1-50, sometimes arillate ; endosperm abundant; embryo large or small; mature seeds elevated on elongating stalk in Caulophyllum.

Genera 15, species ca. 650 (8 genera, 33 species in the flora ) : widespread, well represented in the north temperate zone.

Berberidaceae presents several interesting biogeographic features. Achlys is disjunct from western North America to east Asia with few morphologic differences between taxa. Diphylleia, Jeffersonia, and Podophyllum, each with a single eastern North American species, exhibit wide disjunctions to east Asia. Caulophyllum has three species, one in east Asia and two in the flora. Vancouveria is endemic to northwestern United States with nearest relations to Epimedium Linnaeus (H. Loconte and J. R. Estes 1989b; W. T. Stearn 1938), an exclusively Eastern Hemisphere genus.

Nandina, Berberis, Epimedium, and Podophyllum are cultivated.

The perianth of Berberidaceae is commonly composed of three distinct types of organs, but terminology for the organs varies from author to author. In our treatment, we refer to the small, outer parts as bracteoles (collectively forming a calyculus) ; the large, middle parts as sepals; and the innermost parts, which are commonly nectariferous , as petals. Some authors have referred to the bracteoles as outer sepals and to the petals as staminodes.[1]

Genus Nandina

Shrubs , evergreen , to ca. 2 m , glabrous . Rhizomes absent. Aerial stems monomorphic , mostly unbranched, with leaves densely clustered mostly along distal 1/3 of plant. Leaves persistent , alternate, 2-3-pinnately compound ; petiole attached at base of blade , petioles and petiolules swollen at base. Leaf blade broadly ovate in overall outline, 30-50 cm; leaflet blades elliptic to ovate to lanceolate, margins entire; venation pinnate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary panicles of dozens to hundreds of flowers. Flowers 3-merous, 5-7 mm; bracteoles present; all perianth parts caducous , cream to white; sepals and petals intergrading, 27-36; nectariferous petals absent; stamens 6; anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits; pollen exine punctate ; ovary club-shaped; placentation submarginal ; style central. Fruits berries , red to purplish, orbicular . Seeds 1-3, grayish or brownish; aril absent.

Species 1: North America, Asia.

Nandina is treated as a separate family , Nandinaceae, by A. Takhtajan (1986).[2]

Physical Description

Landscaping

Care: Follow a regular watering schedule during the first growing season to establish a deep, extensive root system . Watering can be reduced after establishment. Feed with a general purpose fertilizer before new growth begins in spring .

Habitat

Old home sites; woodlands, mesic flood plains , hammocks ; 0-600 m ; introduced ; Ala ., Ark., Fla., Ga., La., N.C., S.C., Tex.; native , Asia (Japan, China, India). [source]

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,176 meters (0 to 3,858 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial • Coppice Potential: No • Progagated by Bulbs: No • Propagated by Bare Root: Yes • Propagated by Container: Yes • Propagated by Corms: No • Propagated by Cuttings: Yes • Propagated by Seed: Yes • Propagated by Sod: No • Propagated by Sprigs: Yes • Propagated by Tubers: No • Fruit/Seed Period Begin: Summer • Fruit/Seed Period End: Fall • Fruit/Seed Persistence: Yes

Growth

Culture: Space 4-6' apart.

Soil: Adapted to Medium Textured: Adapted to Medium Textured Soils • Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils: Yes • Anaerobic Tolerance: None • Salinity Tolerance: Low • CaCO3 Tolerance: Low • Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 7.5 • Fertility Requirement: High

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to part sun. • Shade Tolerance: Tolerant

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: Low • Minimum Precipitation: 35 • Maximum Precipitation: 55 • Moisture Use: High • Water Requirements: Once established needs only occasional water.

Temperature: Minimum Temperature (F): 2°F. • Minimum Frost Free Days: 165 • Heat Zones: High: 9 (>120 to 150 days) Low:1 (< 1 days) (map) • Cold Hardiness: 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Publishing author : Thunb. Publication : Nov. Gen. Pl. [Thunberg] 1: 14. 1781; Fl. Jap. 147. 1784.

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Nandina

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 28 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

N. domestica (Heavenly Bamboo) · N. domestica nana 'Firehouse' (Firehouse Dwarf Purple Nandina) · N. domestica var. Heavenly Bamboo (Heavenly Bamboo Nandina) · N. domestica var. leucocarpa (Yellow-Fruited Nandina) · N. domestica var. linearifolia (Heavenly Bamboo) · N. domestica 'Compacta' (Compact Heavenly Bamboo) · N. domestica 'Filamentosa' (Dwarf Nandina) · N. domestica 'Firehouse' (Heavenly Bamboo) · N. domestica 'Fire Power' (Dwarf Heavenly Bamboo) · N. domestica 'Gulf Stream' (Gulf Stream Heavenly Bamboo) · N. domestica 'Harbor Belle' (Harbor Belle Heavenly Bamboo) · N. domestica 'Harbour Dwarf' (Dwarf Heavenly Bamboo) · N. domestica 'Monfar' (Nandina) · N. domestica 'Monum' (Plum Passion® Heavenly Bamboo) · N. domestica 'Moon Bay' (Heavenly Bamboo) · N. domestica 'Moyers Red' (Dwarf Nandina) · N. domestica 'Nana Purpurea' (Heavenly Bamboo) · N. domestica 'Okame' (Okame Heavenly Bamboo) · N. domestica 'Plum Passion' (Plum Passion Nandina) · N. domestica 'Richmond' (Heavenly Bamboo) · N. domestica 'Robinet' (Dwarf Heavenly Bamboo) · N. domestica 'Royal Princess' (Heavenly Bamboo) · N. domestica 'San Gabriel' (Heavenly Bamboo) · N. domestica 'Sienna Sunrise' (Heavenly Bamboo) · N. domestica 'Umpqua Chief' (Heavenly Bamboo) · N. domestica 'Umpqua Princess' (Heavenly Bamboo) · N. domestica 'Umpqua Warrior' (Heavenly Bamboo) · N. domestica 'Woods Dwarf' (Dwarf Nandina)

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Further Reading

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Notes

Contributors

• American Plant Food Company, 7405 River Road, Bethesda MD.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 14, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 16 providers.
• "Nandina domestica". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Dec 27, 2011.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 24, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 14, 2007:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Virtual Herbarium Darwin Core format
• GBIF-Spain, Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• National Institute of Genetics, ROIS, Herbarium Specimens of Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo Pref., Japan
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2645626
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-18848
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13731324
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:107544-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 25015
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 18848
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 107544-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDBER07010
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: NADO
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 6920

Footnotes

1. Whetstone, R. David, T. A. Atkinson and Daniel D. Spaulding "Berberidaceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. R. David Whetstone, T.A. Atkinson & Daniel D. Spaulding "Nandina". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 134.180 meters (440.223 feet), Standard Deviation = 220.450 based on 73 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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