Myrsine helleri

• Overview
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• Bibliography
• More Info
• Notes

Overview

Critically Endangered

Common Names

Description

Family Myrsinaceae

Trees , shrubs , climbers [or rarely herbs]. Leaves simple , alternate, rarely opposite or whorled , without stipules, often glandular . Inflorescences terminal , axillary , or at apices of lateral branches, racemose (often paniculate ), corymbose , cymose , umbellate , or fascicled on scaly spur branches in leaf axils . Flowers bisexual or polygamous, rarely unisexual and plants polygamodioecious or dioecious, 4- or 5(or 6) -merous, actinomorphic . Sepals basally connate or free , persistent , usually glandular. Petals basally connate or rarely free, usually glandular. Stamens as many as and opposite to petals, usually adnate to base or throat of corolla tube , sometimes free, rarely united into a tube; anthers 2-celled, dorsifixed , dehiscing longitudinally or by apical slits or pores , rarely transversely septate ; filaments present or absent. Ovary superior, rarely inferior to half-inferior, 1-celled; placentation free-central , sometimes basal; ovules 1 to several in 11 to many rows , usually embedded in placenta, anatropous or semicampylotropous. Style 1; stigma simple or lobed . Fruit drupes with fleshy exocarp or capsules. Seeds 1 to many; endosperm fleshy or horny ; embryo x = 10-13, 23.

About 42 genera and more than 2,200 species: primarily in tropical and subtropical or warm temperate regions of both hemispheres; five genera and 120 species (51 endemic) in China.

Chinese genera of economic value include Ardisia (medicine, oil , edible, wild vegetables), Maesa (edible, tea, dye), Aegiceras (tannin, fine fuel), Embelia (vermifuge, edible), Myrsine (medicine, fine wood , tannin, fuel) .Jie Chen & John J. Pipoly, III "Myrsinaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Genus Myrsine

Shrubs or small trees . Inflorescences axillary , umbellate or fascicled, on short scaly branchlets or spurs, bracteate . Flowers bisexual or unisexual and plants monoecious, dioecious, or polygamous, 4- or 5(or 6) -merous. Sepals nearly free or united to 1/2 length, imbricate, usually ciliate , punctate , persistent . Petals nearly free or rarely united to 1/2 their length, usually ciliate, glandular granulose , punctate. Filaments free or united at base , adnate to corolla, with apical free portions minute or absent; anthers ovate or reniform , rarely sagittate , 2-celled, dehiscing by longitudinal slits. Ovary glabrous or glabrescent ; ovules few, in 1 series. Fruit a globose or subovoid drupe, with somewhat fleshy exocarp and crusty or leathery endocarp, 1-seeded. Seeds occupying cavity ; endosperm horny , ruminate ; embryo cylindric , transverse .

Myrsine and Rapanea have traditionally been regarded as separate genera, especially in regional and local floras . However, when the two genera are examined on worldwide basis, the alleged differences between them do not hold . Myrsine and Rapanea are poorly represented in China, as evidenced by the presence of only 11 out of the approximately 300 species in the entire world. The Chinese species are easily assigned to Myrsine and Rapanea as traditionally circumscribed. For that reason, most Chinese authors prefer to maintain both genera."Myrsine". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 34. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Physical Description

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Myrsine guianensis auct. non (Aubl.) Kuntze
2. Rapanea guianensis auct. non Aubl.
3. Rapanea punctata (Lam.) Lundell

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Myrsine

There are approximately 406 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

M. achradifolia · M. acrantha · M. acuminata · M. acuta · M. adamsonii · M. affinis · M. africana (African Boxwood) · M. africana var. acuminata · M. africana var. glandulosa · M. africana var. retusa · M. allenii · M. altomontana · M. alyxifolia (Forest Colicwood) · M. alyxiifolia · M. amorosoana · M. andersonii · M. andina · M. angusta · M. angustifolia · M. apoensis · M. aquilonia · M. aralioides · M. ardisioides · M. arenaria · M. argentea · M. athruphyllum · M. athyrophyllum · M. aurantiaca · M. australis · M. avenis · M. baccata · M. badula · M. bahiensis · M. balansae · M. barthesia · M. benthamiana · M. berteroi · M. bifaria · M. bissei · M. borealis · M. borneensis · M. bottensis · M. brachyclada · M. brackenridgei · M. brasiliensis · M. brevis · M. brownii · M. bullata · M. buxifolia · M. caballeria · M. calcarata · M. campanulata · M. canariensis · M. capitellata · M. capororoca · M. carolinensis · M. cavaleriei · M. ceylanica · M. chaffanjoni · M. chaffanjonii · M. chathamica · M. cheesemanii · M. chevalieri · M. chiapensis · M. chisia · M. cicatricosa · M. ciliata · M. cipoensis · M. cochin-chinensis · M. coclensis · M. collina · M. collina var. falcata · M. congesta · M. cordata · M. coriacea (Leathery Colicwood) · M. coriacea nigrescens · M. coriacea reticulata · M. coriacea subsp. nigrescens · M. coriacea subsp. reticulata · M. costaricensis · M. coxii · M. crassa · M. crassifolia · M. cristalensis · M. cruciata · M. cryptophlebia · M. cubana · M. cupuliformis · M. daphnites · M. dasyphylla · M. degeneri (Summit Colicwood) · M. densiflora · M. dentata · M. denticulata (Bog Colicwood) · M. dependens · M. diazii · M. dilloniana · M. divaricata (Weeping Mapou) · M. dolabriformis · M. edulis

Bibliography

• St. John, H. and Philipson, W.R. 1962. An account of the flora of Henderson Island, South Pacific Ocean. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 1(14): 175-194.
• Waldren, S., Florence, J. and Chepstow-Lusty, A.J. 1995. Rare and endemic vascular plants of the Pitcairn Islands, south-central pacific ocean: a conservation appraisal. Biological Conservation 74(2): 83-98.
• Chen Chieh. 1979. Myrsinaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 58: 1-147.
• Chen Chieh. 1979. Myrsinaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 58: 1-147.

More Info

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Notes

Contributors

• African Regional Workshop (Conservation and Sustainable Management of Trees, Zimbabwe) 1998. Pericopsis elata. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
• Barneby RC and Forero E, 1994/1995 (from ILDIS).
• Barneby RC & Forero E, 1994/1995 (from ILDIS).
• Barneby RC & Grimes JW (Monograph 1996/97), 2001-05 (from ILDIS).
• BioSystematic Database of World Diptera, 7.0, 2005.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Taxonomicon/]. Access date: Nov 23, 2005
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 21, 2007.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed September 17, 2007.
• Carr, Gerald
• Chappill J, 2001-06 (from ILDIS).
• Cristofolini G, 2001-06 (from ILDIS).
• Fautin, Daphne G. (from Hexacorallians of the World).
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed January 27, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
• Hexacorallians of the World 2001.
• Heyn CC & Heller D 1991/1993 (from ILDIS).
• Home of the Xylariaceae 2006.
• ILDIS World Database of Legumes, 10, Nov 2005
• ILDIS World Database of LegumesNov 10, 2005.
• Lewis GP, 1994/1995 (from ILDIS).
• Light, Kris. East Tennessee Wildflowers
• Nghia, N.H. 1998. Dalbergia entadoides. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
• Nielsen IC and Rico ML, 1994 (from ILDIS).
• Nielsen IC & Rico ML, 1994 (from ILDIS).
• Nielsen IC and Rico ML, 1994 (from ILDIS World Database of Legumes).
• Ocean Biogeographic Information System. Accessed March 01, 2006. www.iobis.org
• Parhost World Database of FleasNov 2, 2005.
• Pasquet RS, 2001-06 (from ILDIS).
• Pippen, Jeffrey S. Jeff's Nature Page. Accessed December 8, 2007.
• Podlech D, 1996 (from ILDIS).
• Polhill RM, 1993 (from ILDIS).
• Rhytismatales database 2006.
• Ross JH, 2001-01 (from ILDIS).
• Schrire BD, 1994-10 (from ILDIS).
• Sokoloff DD, 2001-03 (from ILDIS).
• Species Fungorum 2006.
• Stirton CH, 2001-06 (from ILDIS).
• The Global Lepidoptera Names Index2, 12.2, 2005.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
• The Virtual Field Herbarium.
• Thomson, Christian (from Diptera).
• USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
• Vaz AMSF, 2001-05 (from ILDIS).
• World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. Adenanthera intermedia. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
• Zarucchi JL, 1993 (from ILDIS).
• van der Maesen LJG, 1993 (from ILDIS).
• van der Maesen, LJG, 2001-03 (from ILDIS).

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 02, 2008:

• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Vienna, Institute for Botany - Herbarium WU, Herbarium WU

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3873951
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-23910
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13742663
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:589138-1
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 23910
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 589138-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDMRS04060
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: MYHE3
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 51152

Footnotes

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