Muhlenbergia arenacea

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• Bibliography
• More Info
• Notes

Common Names

Description

Family Poaceae

Annual or perennial herbs, or tall woody bamboos . Flowering stems (culms ) jointed , internodes hollow or solid; branches arising singly from nodes and subtended by a leaf sheath and 2-keeled prophyll, often fascicled in bamboos. Leaves arranged alternately in 2 ranks , differentiated into sheath, blade , and an adaxial erect appendage at sheath/blade junction (ligule) ; leaf sheath surrounding and supporting culm-internode, split to base or infrequently tubular with partially or completely fused margins , modified with reduced blade in bamboos (culm sheaths) ; leaf blades divergent, usually long, narrow and flat, but varying from inrolled and filiform to ovate , veins parallel, sometimes with cross-connecting veinlets (especially in bamboos) ; ligule membranous or a line of hairs . Inflorescence terminal or axillary , an open, contracted , or spikelike panicle, or composed of lax to spikelike racemes arranged along an elongate central axis, or digitate, paired , or occasionally solitary; axillary inflorescences often many, subtended by spatheoles (specialized bladeless leaf sheaths) and gathered into a leafy compound panicle; spikelets often aggregated into complex clusters in bamboos. Spikelets composed of distichous bracts arranged along a slender axis (rachilla) ; typically 2 lowest bracts (glumes ) empty, subtending 1 to many florets ; glumes often poorly differentiated from accompanying bracts in bamboos. Florets composed of 2 opposing bracts enclosing a single small flower, outer bract (lemma) clasping the more delicate, usually 2-keeled inner bract (palea) ; base of floret often with thickened prolongation articulated with rachilla (callus) ; lemma often with apical or dorsal bristle (awn ), glumes also sometimes awned . Flowers bisexual or unisexual ; lodicules (small scales representing perianth) 2, rarely 3 or absent, 3 to many in bamboos, hyaline or fleshy ; stamens 3 rarely 1, 2, 6, or more in some bamboos, hypogynous, filaments capillary , anthers versatile; ovary 1-celled, styles (1 or) 2(rarely 3), free or united at base, topped by feathery stigmas, exserted from sides or apex of floret. Fruit normally a dry indehiscent caryopsis with thin pericarp firmly adherent to seed, pericarp rarely free, fleshy in some bamboos; embryo small or large; hilum punctate to linear .

About 700 genera and 11,000 species: widely distributed in all regions of the world.Shou-liang Chen, De-Zhu Li, Guanghua Zhu, Zhenlan Wu, Sheng-lian Lu, Liang Liu, Zheng-ping Wang, Bi-xing Sun, Zheng-de Zhu, Nianhe Xia, Liang-zhi Jia, Zhenhua Guo, Wenli Chen, Xiang Chen, Yang Guangyao, Sylvia M. Phillips, Chris Stapleton, Robert J. Soreng, Susan G. Aiken, Nikolai N. Tzvelev, Paul M. Peterson, Stephen A. Renvoize, Marina V. Olonova & Klaus Ammann "Poaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 22. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Genus Muhlenbergia

Perennial , usually with creeping scaly rhizomes. Culms erect , ascending or decumbent at base . Leaf blades linear to narrowly lanceolate; ligule membranous, sometimes minutely ciliolate . Inflorescence an open or contracted panicle. Spikelets with 1 floret, lanceolate, slightly laterally compressed , rachilla disarticulating above glumes ; glumes shorter than or equal to lemma, subequal or the upper shorter, thin, usually 1-veined or the lower veinless, persistent ; callus small, obtuse ; lemma 3-veined, membranous, dark green mottled with dark gray, laxly pilose toward base on abaxial surface, awned from acute apex or from between two minute teeth; awn straight or flexuose; palea equal to the lemma, membranous. Caryopsis usually fusiform , rarely ellipsoid . x = 10.

About 155 species: mainly SW North America and Mexico, also Central and South America and SE Asia; six species in China.

Many species of this genus are good fodder plants .Zhen-lan Wu & Paul M. Peterson "Muhlenbergia". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 7, 457, 486. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Physical Description

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Muhlenbergia arenacea (Buckl.) A. S. Hitchc.
2. Muhlenbergia arenacea (Buckley) Hitchc., 1928
3. Muhlenbergia arenacea Buckley, 1862

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash . 41:161. 1928

Name verified on 10-Feb-2004 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 10-Feb-2004

Similar Species

Members of the genus Muhlenbergia

There are approximately 309 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

M. abata · M. acuminata · M. affinis · M. aguascalientensis · M. alamosae · M. alta · M. ambigua var. filiformis · M. andina (Foxtail Muhly) · M. angustata · M. angustifolia · M. annua · M. anomala · M. appressa (Devil's Canyon Muhly) · M. arenacea (Ear Muhly) · M. arenicola (Sand Muhly) · M. argentea · M. arisanensis · M. aristata · M. aristulata · M. arizonica (Arizona Muhly) · M. arsenei (Navajo Muhly) · M. articulata · M. aspera · M. asperifolia (Alkali Muhly) · M. asperifolia f. deserticola · M. asperifolia f. typica · M. atacamensis · M. atacamensis var. brachyathera · M. attenuata · M. aurea · M. berlandieri · M. berteroniana · M. beyrichiana · M. biloba · M. bourgaei · M. bourgeaei · M. brachyelytrum · M. brachyphylla f. aristata · M. brandegeei · M. brandegei · M. brasiliensis · M. breviaristata · M. breviculmis · M. brevifolia var. richardsonis · M. breviligula · M. brevis (Short Muhly) · M. breviseta · M. brevivaginata · M. buckleyana · M. bushii (Bush's Muhly) · M. calcicola · M. californica (California Muhly) · M. capillaris (Cutover Muhly) · M. capillaris 'Regal Mist' (Florida Muhly Grass) · M. capillaris var. capillaris · M. capillaris var. filipes (Gulf Hairawn Muhle) · M. capillaris var. filipes'Kiawah' (Gulf Hairawn Muhly) · M. capillaris var. trichopodes (Cutover Muhly) · M. capillipes · M. carinata · M. caxamarcensis · M. ciliata · M. circinata · M. cleefi · M. cleefii · M. clomena · M. coloradensis · M. confusa · M. crinita · M. crispiseta (Mexicali Muhly) · M. cualensis · M. curtifolia (Low Muhly) · M. curtifolia griffithsii · M. curtisetosa (Illinois Nimblewill) · M. curviaristata · M. curviaristata f. nipponica · M. curvula · M. cuspidata (Plains Muhlenbergia) · M. decumbens · M. densiflora · M. depauperata (Six-Weeks Muhly) · M. diehlii · M. diffusa · M. distans · M. distichophylla · M. divaricata · M. diversiglumis · M. dubia (Cane Muhly) · M. dumosa (Bamboo Muhly) · M. dumosa var. minor · M. durangensis · M. duthieana · M. elata · M. elongata (Sycamore Muhly) · M. eludens (Gravel-Bar Muhly) · M. emersleyi (Bull Grass) · M. emersleyoides · M. erecta · M. erectifolia · M. eriophylla

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Notes

Contributors

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Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 03, 2008:

• Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Herbario del Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2661821
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-41895
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13748359
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:164698-2
• GRIN Nomen Number: 24670
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 41895
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMPOA48030
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: MUAR
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 49915

Footnotes

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