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Mucuna sloanei

(Brown Hamburger Bean, Hamburger Bean, Hamburger-Bean, Horse Eye, Horse-Eye Bean, Horseeye Bean, Ojo De Buey, True Sea-Bean, Yeux Bourrique, Z'yeux-Bourrique)

Conservation Status

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Population Analysis

  • For the 835,580 species in the Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons), we average 4.30 observations each in our database; for the Brown Hamburger Bean, we have 177 observations. Compared to other species in this Class, this species is moderately common.
  • A two-sample t-test can be used to determine whether the trend in observations of the Brown Hamburger Bean is the same as the trend in observations of Magnoliopsida. Is this species just as common, as a proportion of all observations, as it once was? The answer is no, changes in observation rate of this species significantly differ from changes in observation rate of its Class. (t=2.109, p<0.025)
  • How do observation rates of the Brown Hamburger Bean differ from those of Magnoliopsida? To answer this, we examined the percentage of observerations for Magnoliopsida that were observations of the Brown Hamburger Bean each year. We then correlated this percentage with observation year. If observations of the Brown Hamburger Bean are becoming more common relative to other species of Magnoliopsida, the correlation should be positive, but if it is becoming less common, the correlation should be negative. In fact, the correlation is negative (r=-.21), with a negative slope (m = -.000), suggesting that the Brown Hamburger Bean may be in decline relative to other species of Magnoliopsida. This correlation is statistically significant. (F = 21.84, p<.05)
  • The scatter chart to the right shows the percentage of all observations for Magnoliopsida each year that were observations of the Brown Hamburger Bean.

Taxonomy

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  • Domain: Eukaryota Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
    • Kingdom: Plantae Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
      • Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae Cavalier-Smith, 1981 - Green Plants
        • Phylum: Magnoliophyta Cronquist, Takhtajan & W. Zimmermann, 1966 - Flowering Plants
          • Subphylum: Spermatophytina (auct.) Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Seed Plants
            • Infraphylum: Angiospermae auct.
              • Class: Magnoliopsida Brongniart, 1843 - Dicotyledons
                • Subclass: Rosidae Takhtajan, 1967
                  • Superorder: Fabanae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal, 1993
                    • Order: Fabales Bromhead, 1838
                      • Family: Fabaceae Lindley, 1836 - Bean Family
                        • Subfamily: Faboideae
                          • Tribe: Phaseoleae
                            • Genus: Mucuna (myoo-KOO-nuh) Adans., Fam. 2:325. 1763. (conserved name) - Mucuna
                              • Specific epithet: sloanei Fawc. & Rendle
                                • Botanical name: Mucuna sloanei Fawc. & Rendle

Ambiguous Synonyms:

  1. Mucuna urens (L.)Medikus

Unambiguous Synonyms:

  1. Dolichos urens L.

Misapplied Names:

  1. Mucuna urens (L.)Medikus

Notes:

Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: –

Place of publication: J. Bot. 55:36. 1917

Name verified on 01-Jul-1987 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 22-May-1997

Physical Description

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Family Fabaceae:

The Fabaceae are herbs, vines, shrubs, trees, and lianas found in both temperate and tropical areas. They comprise one of the largest families of flowering plants, numbering 630 genera and 18,000 species. The leaves are stipulate, nearly always alternate, and range from bipinnately or palmately compound to simple. The petiole base is commonly enlarged into a pulvinus that commonly functions in orientation of the leaves (sometimes very responsively, as in the sensitive plant, Mimosa pudica). The flowers are usually bisexual, actinomorphic to zygomorphic, slightly to strongly perigynous, and commonly in racemes, spikes, or heads. The perianth commonly consists of a calyx and corolla of 5 segments each. The androecium consists of commonly 1- many stamens (most commonly 10), distinct or variously united, sometimes some of them reduced to staminodes. The pistil is simple, often stipitate, comprising a single style and stigma, and a superior ovary with one locule containing 2-many marginal ovules. The fruit is usually a legume, sometimes a samara, loment, follicle, indehiscent pod, achene, drupe, or berry. The seeds often have a hard coat with hourglass-shaped cells, and sometimes bear a u-shaped line called a pleurogram. [Carr]

Subfamily Faboideae:

Mostly herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves pinnate or palmate to trifoliolate or apparently simple. Corolla usually, showy, zygomorphic, the petals imbricate, posterior (upper or banner) petal outermost in bud. Stamens 10 or 9 + 1 (diadelphous), not showy. Pollen released in monads. Seeds with u-shaped line (pleurogram) lacking. [Carr]

Genus Mucuna:

Climbing shrubs or herbs, young branches tomentose. Leaf pinnately trifoliolate, stipules deciduous; leaflets usually stipellate. Inflorescence racemose, fasciculate or subcorymbose. Flower purple, red or greenish yellow. Bracts caducous or small. Upper 2 teeth of calyx united, lower teeth longer. Vexillum shorter than the keel, auriculate at the base. Keel only slightly exceeding the wings, incurved, usually beaked. Stamens diadelphous, 9+1, the vexillary stamen free; alternate anthers longer. Ovary sessile, villous, ovules few, style thin, stigma terminal. Fruit usually clothed with stinging hairs, 2-valved, septate or filled between the seeds.

A genus with about 160 species, distributed in the tropics.[1]

Habit: Herb, Shrub • Climbing: Climbing

Images:

Distribution

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Range and Population

Native: .

Reproduction

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Duration: Perennial

Growth

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Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Mucuna:

There are approximately 172 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them: M. gigantea tashiroi · M. pruriens deeringiana · M. acuminata · M. aimun · M. albertisi · M. alterrima · M. amblyodon · M. anguinea · M. argyrophylla · M. atropurpurea · M. aurea · M. balfouriana · M. benettii (New Guinea Creeper) · M. bennetti (Red Jade Vine) · M. bennettii (Red Jade Vine) · M. biplicata · M. birdwoodiana · M. blumei · M. brachycarpa · M. bracteata · M. calophylla · M. canaliculata · M. ceramensis · M. championi · M. championii · M. ckienkweiensis · M. collettii · M. comosa · M. coriacea · M. coriacea coriacea · M. coriacea irritans · M. coriocarpa · M. corymbosa · M. cristata · M. curranii · M. cuspidata · M. cyclocarpa · M. cylindrosperma · M. dalbertii · M. deerlingianum · M. diabolica · M. diabolica kenneallyi · M. dichroa · M. diplax · M. discolor · M. elegans · M. elliptica · M. elmeri · M. eriocarpa · M. fawcettii · M. ferox · M. flagellipes · M. gigantea (Feseka Uli) · M. gigantea gigantea · M. gigantea plurisemina · M. gigantea quadrialata · M. glabra · M. glabrialata · M. gracilipes · M. gracillipes · M. hainanensis · M. hainanensis hainanensis · M. hainanensis multilamellata · M. holtonii · M. homblei · M. hooglandii · M. huberi · M. humblotii · M. imbricata · M. indet · M. interrupta · M. iriomotensis · M. japira · M. junghuhnianum · M. kawakabuti · M. keyensis · M. killipiana · M. kostermansii · M. lamellata · M. lamii · M. lane-poolei · M. lanepoolei · M. lignosa · M. lindro · M. longipedunculata · M. macmillanii · M. macrobotrys · M. macrocarpa · M. macroceratides · M. macrophylla · M. macropoda · M. manongarivensis · M. mapirensis · M. martini · M. melanocarpa · M. membranacea · M. mindorensis · M. warburgii · M. mitis · M. mollis

Bibliography

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  • Adam, J.-G. 1971–. Flore descriptive des monts Nimba. (F MtNimba)
  • Adams, C. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica. (F Jam)
  • Brunel, J. F. et al., eds. 1984. Flore analytique du Togo. Phanerogames. (F Togo)
  • Burkart, A. 1970. Darwiniana 16:176.
  • Carrisso, L. W. et al., eds. 1937–. Conspectus florae angolensis. (F Angol)
  • Grimes,J.W. 1990 Mem.N.Y.Bot.Gard.61 Rev.New World Species of Psoraleeae
  • Howard, R. 1974–1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles. (F LAnt)
  • Jardim e Museu Agricola do Ultramar, Portugal. 1971–1973. Flora da Guine Portuguesa. (F GuinPort)
  • Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953–1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2. (F WT Afr)
  • Lewis, G. P. 1987. Legumes of Bahia. (Leg Bahia)
  • Liogier, H. A. & L. F. Martorell. 1982. Flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands: a systematic synopsis. (F PR)
  • Lock, J. M. 1989. Legumes of Africa: a checklist. (Leg Africa)
  • Long, R. W. & O. Lakela. 1971. A flora of tropical Florida. (F TFla)
  • PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) - on-line resource. (PROTABASE)
  • Pulle, A. A. et al., eds. 1932–. Flora of Suriname. (F Suriname)
  • Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946–1976. Flora of Guatemala. (F Guat)
  • Wilmot-Dear, C. M. 1990. Kew Bull. 45:25.
  • Woodson, R. E. & R. W. Schery, eds. 1943–1980. Flora of Panama. (F Panama)

More Info

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Notes

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Contributors:

  • Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
  • Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed December 03, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 14 providers.
  • ILDIS World Database of LegumesNov 10, 2005.
  • USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 29, 2008)

Data Sources:

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 03, 2007:

Identifiers:

Footnotes:

  1. "Mucuna". in Flora of Pakistan Page 237. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

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Last Revised: May 16, 2008