Moehringia lateriflora

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Description

Family Caryophyllaceae

Herbs annual or perennial , rarely subshrubs or shrubs . Stems and branches usually swollen at nodes. Leaves opposite, decussate, rarely alternate or verticillate , simple , entire, usually connate at base ; stipules scarious , bristly , or often absent. Inflorescence of cymes or cymose panicles, rarely flowers solitary or few in racemes , capitula, pseudoverticillasters, or umbels. Flowers actinomorphic , bisexual , rarely unisexual , occasionally cleistogamous . Sepals (4 or) 5, free , imbricate, or connate into a tube , leaflike or scarious, persistent , sometimes bracteate below calyx. Petals (4 or) 5, rarely absent, free, often comprising claw and limb; limb entire or split, usually with coronal scales at juncture of claw and limb. Stamens (2--) 5--10, in 1 or 2 series. Pistil 1; carpels 2--5, united into a compound ovary. Ovary superior, 1-loculed or basally imperfectly 2--5-loculed. Gynophore present or absent. Placentation free, central, rarely basal; ovules (1 or) few or numerous , campylotropous. Styles (1 or) 2--5, sometimes united at base. Fruit usually a capsule, with pericarp crustaceous , scarious, or papery , dehiscing by teeth or valves 1 or 2 � as many as styles, rarely berrylike with irregular dehiscence or an achene. Seeds 1 to numerous, reniform , ovoid , or rarely dorsiventrally compressed , abaxially grooved , blunt , or sharply pointed , rarely fimbriate-pectinate; testa granular , striate or tuberculate , rarely smooth or spongy ; embryo strongly curved and surrounding perisperm or straight but eccentric ; perisperm mealy.

Between 75 and 80 genera and ca. 2000 species: widespread but mainly of temperate or warm-temperate occurrence in the N hemisphere, with principal centers of distribution in the Mediterranean region and W Asia to W China and the Himalayas, fewer species in Africa S of the Sahara, America, and Oceania; 30 genera (two endemic) and 390 species (193 endemic) in China.

Arenaria, Silene, and Stellaria contain over half the species in the family in China. They are mostly concentrated in the Qinghai-Xizang plateau , and are especially rich from the Hengduan Mountains to the Himalayas. The main uses of this family are medicinal and ornamental . Dianthus superbus, Pseudostellaria heterophylla, Stellaria dichotoma var. lanceolata, and Vaccaria hispanica are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine . Some species of Arenaria, Dianthus, Gypsophila, Psammosilene, and Silene are used as medicinal herbs among the people or are habitually used in local Chinese medicine. Many species of Dianthus, Gypsophila, Lychnis, Saponaria, and Silene are grown as ornamentals. Atocion armeria (Linnaeus) Rafinesque ( Silene armeria Linnaeus), native to Russia and Europe, is also cultivated in China. It differs from Silene in having a corymbose inflorescence and obscure calyx veins. Wu Cheng-yih, Ke Ping, Zhou Li-hua, Tang Chang-lin & Lu De-quan. 1996. Caryophyllaceae. In: Tang Chang-lin, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 26: 47�449.[1]

Subfamily Faboideae

Mostly herbs, shrubs , or trees . Leaves pinnate or palmate to trifoliolate or apparently simple . Corolla usually, showy, zygomorphic, the petals imbricate, posterior (upper or banner ) petal outermost in bud. Stamens 10 or 9 + 1 (diadelphous ), not showy. Pollen released in monads . Seeds with u-shaped line (pleurogram) lacking. [Carr]

Genus Moehringia

Herbs, annual or perennial . Taproots slender, rhizomes slender or absent. Stems prostrate or ascending to erect , simple or branched, terete or angled . Leaves not connate , petiolate or sessile, not congested at or near base of flowering stem; blade 1-3(-7) -veined, lanceolate to elliptic or ovate to broadly ovate, not succulent, apex acute or obtuse . Inflorescences terminal or axillary , open cymes, or flowers solitary; bracts paired and foliaceous , or smaller and mostly scarious . Pedicels erect or recurved in fruit. Flowers: perianth and androecium weakly perigynous; hypanthium minute, disc-shaped; sepals (4-) 5, distinct , green, ovate to obovate , 1.7-6 mm, herbaceous, margins white, scarious, apex obtuse or acute to acuminate, not hooded ; petals (4-) 5, white, not clawed, blade apex entire; nectaries as fleshy lobes at base of filaments opposite sepals, ca. 3 times width of filament, connate proximally into basal disc; stamens 10, occasionally 8, arising from nectariferous disc; filaments distinct; staminodes absent; styles 3, filiform , 1.5-1.8 mm, glabrous proximally; stigmas 3, linear along adaxial surface of styles, minutely papillate (30×). Capsules broadly ovoid to subglobose, opening by 6 revolute teeth; carpophore absent. Seeds 2-6, reddish brown to blackish, ellipsoid to reniform , laterally compressed , shiny, smooth to minutely tuberculate , marginal wing absent, appendage white, ± elliptic, spongy . x = 12.

Species 25: north-temperate North America, Europe, Asia.

Members of Moehringia and Petrocoptis (a segregate from Silene, comprising four species in the Pyrenees) are the only Caryophyllaceae with strophioles (eliasomes), spongy seed appendages that attract ants . Foraging ants gather the seeds, eat only the strophiole, and �plant� the seeds in their nests .

We follow J. McNeill (1962) and V. Bittrich (1993) among others in recognizing Moehringia. The appendaged (strophiolate ) seed and a chromosome base number of 12 are the chief characters distinguishing Moehringia from Arenaria. Although McNeill noted that this distinction is similar to features used to distinguish subgenera within Arenaria, he retained Moehringia and suggested that, among other evidence, cytological investigation of the North American species of Moehringia and members of Arenaria subg. Leiosperma McNeill (New World, especially Andean South America) would help support such action. Chromosome counts made since 1962 do show x = 12 in North American Moehringia and x = (10) 11 for Arenaria subg. Leiosperma.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Moist or dry woodlands, meadows, gravelly shores ; 50-2700 m (Ref. 51817).

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,632 meters (0 to 11,916 feet).[3]

Biology

Growth

Culture: Space 12-15" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b. (map)

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. A. lateriflora var. angustifolia H. St. John
2. A. lateriflora var. taylorae H. St. John
3. A. lateriflora var. tenuicaulis Blankinship
4. Arenaria lateriflora L.
5. Arenaria lateriflora Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 423. 1753
6. Arenaria lateriflora var. angustifolia (Regel) St. john
7. Arenaria lateriflora var. tayloriae St. John

Notes

Publishing author : H.St.John Publication : Rhodora 19: 262 1917 Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Moehringia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 58 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

M. alleizettei · M. bavarica · M. ciliata · M. concarenae · M. dasyphylla · M. dielsiana · M. diversifolia · M. elongata · M. erecta · M. flaccida · M. fontqueri · M. frutescens · M. glauca · M. glaucovirens · M. glochidisperma · M. grisebachii · M. hybrida · M. hypanica · M. insubrica · M. intermedia · M. intricata · M. intricata subsp. castellana · M. intricata subsp. giennensis · M. intricata subsp. tejedensis · M. intricata tejedensis · M. intrincata · M. jankae · M. lateriflora (Blunt-Leaf Grove-Sandwort) · M. laterifolia · M. lebrunii · M. linearifolia · M. macrophylla (Large-Leaved Sandwort) · M. macrophyllum · M. malyi · M. markgrafii · M. minutiflora · M. muscosa · M. nemorosa · M. papulosa · M. pendula · M. pentandra · M. pichleri · M. platysperma · M. polygonoides · M. ponae · M. provincialis · M. sedifolia · M. sedoides · M. stellarioides · M. stricta · M. subulata · M. tejedensis · M. thomasiana · M. tommasinii · M. trinervia (Three-Veined Sandwort) · M. tzinervia · M. umbrosa · M. villosa

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Further Reading

• Flora of Glacier National Park, Montana, by Paul C. Standley. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1921. ENG url p. 337.
• Acta Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. Helsinki, Societas. ENG url p. 131, p. 169, p. 194, p. 278, p. 68, p. 91.
• Allgemeine botanische Zeitschrift f�r Systematik, Floristik, Pflanzengeographie etc. Karlsruhe: J.J. Reiff, 1895-1928. GER url p. 10, p. 208.
• An illustrated flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Stanford University, Stanford University Press, 1923-[60] ENG url p. 152, p. 153.
• An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian / by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Hon. New York: C. Scribner's sons, 1913. ENG url p. 57.
• Anglo-russkii biologicheskii slovar' / [avtory, I. N. Afanas'eva et al.; spetsial'nye nauch. redaktory, O. I. Chibisova i L. A. Koziar]. Moskva: Russkii iazyk, 1979. ENG url p. 559.
• Annals of the Carnegie Museum. [Pittsburgh]: Published by authority of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute, 1901- ENG url p. 331, p. 332, p. 396, p. 533.
• Annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of New York state, by Homer D. House. Albany, The University of the state of New York, 1924. ENG url p. 320.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. ENG url p. 444, p. 444.
• Botanisches Zentralblatt; referierendes Organ f�r das Gesamtgebiet der Botanik. Jena [etc.]G. Fischer [etc.] GER url p. 1011, p. 220, p. 250, p. 251, p. 292, p. 588.
• Botanisk tidsskrift / utgivet af den Botaniske forening i K�benhavn. K�benhavn: H. Hagerups Forlag, ENG url p. 350.
• Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden. New York: The Garden by, 1896-1932. ENG url p. 169.
• Catalog of Ohio vascular plants: arranged according to the phyletic classification: with notes on the geographical distribution in the state, based mainly on specimens in the State Herbarium, Botanical Laboratory, the Ohio State Uni by John H. Schaffner Columbus: Ohio State University, 1914. ENG url p. 178.
• Catalogue of the flora of Montana and the Yellowstone National Park. New York, 1900. ENG url p. 151.
• Contributions to the botany of Vermont. Burlington, Vt.: Botanical Dept., University of Vermont, 1898-1911. ENG url p. 39.
• Flora of Colorado, by P.A. Rydberg. Fort Collins, Col., Experiment Station, 1906. ENG url p. 130, p. 130.
• Flora of Indiana, by Charles C. Deam. Indianapolis, Wm. B. Burford printing co., contractor for state printing and binding, 1940. ENG url p. 1208, p. 442.
• Flora of Lancaster County; being descriptions of the seed- plants growing naturally in Lancaster County, Pennsylvanial. By John Kunkel Small and Joel Jackson Carter. New York, 1913. ENG url p. 114.
• Flora of Nebraska; a list of the conifers and flowering plants of the state, with keys for their determination. [Lincoln, Neb., Printed by State Printing Co., 1912] ENG url p. 67.
• Flora of New Mexico / by E.O. Wooton and Paul C. Standley. Washington: G.P.O., 1915. ENG url p. 238.
• Flora of Pennsylvania. Edited with the addition of analytical keys by John Kunkel Small. Boston, Ginn & Co., 1903. ENG url p. 130.
• Flora of Vermont. List of ferns and seed plants growing without cultivation. Prepared by Vermont Botanical Club. Burlington, Vt., Free Press Print. Co., 1915. ENG url p. 198.
• Flora of Vermont; a list of the fern and seed plants growing without cultivation. Prepared by Ezra Brainerd, L.R. Jones and W.W. Eggleston, committee for the Vermont botanical club. Burlington, Vt., Free Press Association, 1900. ENG url p. 39.
• Flora of southeastern Washington and adjacent Idaho, by Charles V. Piper and R. Kent Beattie Lancaster, Pa., Press of the New era printing company, 1914. ENG url p. 101.
• Flora of the Rocky Mountains and adjacent plains: Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and neighboring parts of Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, and British Columbia / by P. A. Rydberg. New York: Rydberg, 1917. ENG url p. 274.
• Flora of the northwest coast, including the area west of the summit of the Cascade Mountains, from the forty-ninth parallel south to the Calapooia Mountains on the south border of Lane County, Oregon. By Charles V. Piper and R. Kent Beattie. Lancaster, Pa., Press of the New Era Printing Company, 1915. ENG url p. 150.
• Flora of the state of Washington. By Charles V. Piper. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1906. ENG url p. 260.
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. ENG url p. 875.
• Handbook of the flora of Philadelphia and vicinity, containing data relating to the plants within the following radius: eastern Pennsylvania; all of New Jersey except the northern counties; and New Castle County, Delaware, with keys for identification co Philadelphia, Philadelphia Botanical Club, 1905. ENG url p. 142.
• International catalogue of scientific literature. London: Published for the International Council by the Royal Society of London, 1902-1919. ENG url p. 437.
• Introduction to structural and systematic botany and vegetable physiology: being a 5th and rev. ed. of The botanical textbook, illustrated with over thirteen hundred woodcuts / by Asa Gray. New York: Ivison, Phinney & Co.; 1862, c1857. ENG url p. 396.
• Just's botanischer jahresbericht. Systematisch geordnetes repertorium der botanischen literatur aller l�nder. Berlin, Gebr. Borntraeger, 1874-98; GER url p. 1319, p. 176, p. 184, p. 189, p. 192, p. 219, p. 243, p. 247, p. 249, p. 299, p. 600, p. 611, p. 642, p. 646, p. 808, p. 973.
• Key to the Rocky Mountain flora; Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and parts of Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, and British Columbia. New York, 1919. ENG url p. 83.
• Le Monde des plantes. Le Mans: Impr. Edmond Monnoyer, 1891-1898. FRE url p. 281.
• Meddelanden af Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. Helsingfors[Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica] SWE url p. 228, p. 240.
• Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History. Boston: The Society, 1878-1946. ENG url p. 221.
• National list of scientific plant names. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1982- ENG url p. 33.
• Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. [Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia] ENG url p. 661.
• Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Boston [etc.]Boston Society of Natural History. ENG url p. 147.
• Report on the flora of St. Andrews, N.B. / by James Fowler. [Ottawa: Printed by S.E. Dawson, 1902] ENG url p. 43.
• Svensk fanerogamflora / av C.A.M. Lindman. Stockholm: P.A. Norstedt, 1918. SWE url p. 244, p. 245.
• The Great Basin naturalist. Provo, Utah, M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University. ENG url p. 156.
• The Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Japan = Tokyo Teikoku Daigaku kiyo. Rika. Tokyo, Japan: The University, 1898-1925. ENG url p. 56.
• The Ohio journal of science. [Columbus, Ohio, The Ohio State University and the Ohio Academy of Science] ENG url p. 178.
• The plants of Southern New Jersey; with especial reference to the flora of the Pine Barrens and the geographic distribution of the species. Trenton, 1911. ENG url p. 437.
• The plants of southern New Jersey; with especial reference to the flora of the pine barrens and the geographic distribution of the species. Trenton, 1911. ENG url p. 437.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed March 26, 2007.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 15, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 16 providers.
• "Moehringia lateriflora". in Flora of North America Vol. 5. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 15, 2007:

• Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
• European Environment Agency, EUNIS
• Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plants, Field notes, Oslo
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium
• University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2646387
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-20017
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13773636
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:155730-1
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 20017
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDCAR0H010
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ARLA15
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 22285

Footnotes

1. Dequan Lu, Zhengyi Wu, Lihua Zhou, Shilong Chen, Michael G. Gilbert, Magnus Lid�n, John McNeill, John K. Morton, Bengt Oxelman, Richard K. Rabeler, Mats Thulin, Nicholas J. Turland & Warren L. Wagner "Caryophyllaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Richard K. Rabeler, Ronald L. Hartman "Moehringia". in Flora of North America Vol. 5. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 586.390 meters (1,923.852 feet), Standard Deviation = 637.810 based on 506 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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