Modiola caroliniana
(Bristly Mallow, Bristly-Fruited Mallow, Carolina Bristlemallow, Carolina Mallow, Carolina Modiola)Interesting Facts:
- This pretty little flower can only be enjoyed when the sun is out. It is in the same family as okra, hollyhocks, and cotton. Unlike many other members of the Mallow Family, these flowers are small, less than half-inch. Note the bright red nectar guides on the petals.
Conservation Status
Population Analysis
- For the 835,580 species in the Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons), we average 4.30 observations each in our database; for the Bristly-Fruited Mallow, we have 473 observations. Compared to other species in this Class, this species is extremely common.
- A two-sample t-test can be used to determine whether the trend in observations of the Bristly-Fruited Mallow is the same as the trend in observations of Magnoliopsida. Is this species just as common, as a proportion of all observations, as it once was? The answer is no, changes in observation rate of this species significantly differ from changes in observation rate of its Class. (t=12.58, p<0.001)
- How do observation rates of the Bristly-Fruited Mallow differ from those of Magnoliopsida? To answer this, we examined the percentage of observerations for Magnoliopsida that were observations of the Bristly-Fruited Mallow each year. We then correlated this percentage with observation year. If observations of the Bristly-Fruited Mallow are becoming more common relative to other species of Magnoliopsida, the correlation should be positive, but if it is becoming less common, the correlation should be negative. In fact, the correlation is negative (r=-.32), with a negative slope (m = -.000), suggesting that the Bristly-Fruited Mallow may be in decline relative to other species of Magnoliopsida. This correlation is statistically significant. (F = 24.17, p<.05)
- The scatter chart to the right shows the percentage of all observations for Magnoliopsida each year that were observations of the Bristly-Fruited Mallow.
Taxonomy
- Kingdom: Plantae
- Plants
- Phylum: Tracheophyta
- Vascular Plants
- Class: Magnoliopsida
- Dicotyledons
- Order: Malvales
- Family: Xanthoidea
- Subfamily: Malvoideae
- Family: Xanthoidea
- Order: Malvales
- Class: Magnoliopsida
- Dicotyledons
- Phylum: Tracheophyta
- Vascular Plants
Unambiguous Synonyms:
- Modiola multifida Moench
Notes:
Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Place of publication: Gen. hist. 1:466. 1831
Name verified on 09-May-1996 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 13-May-2002
Physical Description
Habit: Subshrub, Shrub, Forb/herb
Flowers: Bloom Period: January, February, March, April, May. • Flower Color: apricot, coral
Images:
Distribution
Range and Population
North America
Native: Probable Origin South America.
Reproduction
Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial
Growth
Culture: Space 24-36" apart.
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun.
Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High
Similar Species
Members of the genus Modiola:
There are approximately 117 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them: M. adriatica · M. adula · M. aestuaria von · M. albicosta · M. albicostata · M. americana · M. angusta · M. ater · M. atratus · M. auriculata · M. australis · M. barbata · M. brasiliensis · M. braziliense · M. braziliensis · M. californicus · M. capax · M. capensis · M. capitata · M. caroliniana (Bristly Mallow) · M. caroliniana f. parvula · M. caroliniana var. erecta · M. castanea · M. cinnamornea · M. citrinus · M. compressula · M. compressula von · M. copax · M. cumingiana · M. cylindrica · M. dalmasi · M. decumbens · M. dimidiata · M. dragei · M. dubia · M. elongata · M. emarginata · M. erecta · M. eriocarpa · M. fissistipula · M. fusca · M. gammalensis · M. geranioides · M. glaberrima · M. gracilis · M. guayanensis · M. guayenensis · M. guyanensis · M. hamatus · M. hanleyi · M. hillana · M. hoffmanni · M. inconstans · M. inflata · M. inflexa · M. japonica · M. japonicus · M. jolyi · M. juliae · M. lacustris · M. laevigata · M. lateritia · M. leucosticta · M. liasina · M. lignea · M. lusitanica · M. macropodia · M. malvifolia · M. matris · M. metella · M. mingaudi · M. minuta · M. modiolus · M. nasutus · M. nigra · M. nitens · M. nitidula · M. papyria · M. patula · M. petagnae · M. phaseolina · M. philipinarum · M. philippinarum · M. placatula · M. plicatula · M. plumescens · M. prestwichii · M. producta · M. prostrata · M. recta · M. reptans · M. reversa · M. rodriguezii · M. romani · M. rustica · M. saffordi · M. schafhaeutli · M. semivestita · M. senhausii · M. senhouseni
Bibliography
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- Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: Higher plants of California. (F CalifJep)
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Notes
Contributors:
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 22, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 27 providers.
- Light, Kris. East Tennessee Wildflowers
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 29, 2008)
Data Sources:
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 22, 2007:
- Australian National Herbarium
- , Australian National Herbarium
- Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
- Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
- University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
Identifiers:
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 21851
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13741029
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:97794-3
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDMAL0W010
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: MOCA
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 50509
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