Mikania cordifolia

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Compositae

The largest family of flowering plants , the Compositae (Asteraceae), comprising about 1,100 genera and more than 20,000 species and characterized by many small flowers arranged in a head looking like a single flower and subtended by an involucre of bracts. A head may consist of both ray flowers and disk flowers, as in the sunflower, of disk flowers only, as in the burdock, or of ray flowers only, as in the dandelion.

Genus Mikania

Vines (perennial , sometimes suffrutescent ) [non-viney perennials, shrubs ], to 300[-1500+] cm. Stems usually twining to scrambling (terete , striate , or [4-] 6-angled, sometimes winged ), branched. Leaves cauline; opposite [whorled ]; petiolate [sessile]; blades palmately 3[-7]-nerved [pinnately nerved], ± ovate or deltate-ovate to triangular [linear ], margins entire or undulate to dentate or toothed to lobed , faces glabrous or puberulent to tomentose , often gland-dotted. Heads discoid , in corymbiform [paniculiform , racemiform , spiciform , thyrsiform] arrays. Involucres ± cylindric , [1-]2-3[-4] mm diam. (usually each subtended by 1 bractlet ). Phyllaries persistent , 4 in ± 2 series (outer pair imbricate over inner pair), not notably nerved, lanceolate, linear, or oblong (bases often swollen), ± equal. Receptacles flat (glabrous), epaleate. Florets 4; corollas usually white, sometimes pink to rose or purplish, throats funnelform or campanulate , lobes 5, linear or triangular to deltate; styles: bases slightly, if at all, enlarged, glabrous, branches ± filiform [weakly clavate ]. Cypselae ± prismatic , [4-]5[-10]-ribbed, glabrous or puberulent, sometimes gland-dotted; pappi persistent, of [20-]30-60 (white, buff, pinkish, or purplish) barbellulate to barbellate bristles in 1-2 series (distinct or basally connate ). x = 16-20.

Species ca. 450: overwhelmingly neotropical (9 species in the Old World tropics), some temperate North American and South American.

All species of Mikania in the flora belong to M . sect. Mikania in the sense of W. C. Holmes (1996).[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Wet areas, woodlands, calcareous soils; 0-100 m [2].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,653 meters (0 to 15,266 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Cacalia cordifolia L. F. • Cacalia cordifolia Linnaeus F. • Suppl. Pl. • Willoughbya cordifolia (L. F.) Kuntze • Willoughbya halei Small

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Comment: Data Providers: Biological Diversity of the Guiana Shield , CONABIO, Caribbean Checklist , Govaerts World Compositae Checklist A-G, IPNI, Panama Checklist, MesoAmericana, Tropicos, Colombia. GCC LSID: urn :lsid:compositae.org:names:1E70EEA8-F4C7-4A08-9B6A-E82863940BDB

Last scrutiny: 15-Aug-09

Similar Species

Members of the genus Mikania

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 11 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

M. congesta (Guaco) · M. cordata (Heartleaf Hempvine) · M. cordifolia (Florida Keys Hempvine) · M. fragilis (Fragile Hempvine) · M. micrantha (American Rope Mikania Micrantha) · M. millei (Poroto Angu) · M. odoratissima (Fragrant Hempvine) · M. pachyphylla (Luquillo Mountain Hempvine) · M. porosa (Puerto Rico Hempvine) · M. scandens (Climbing Boneset Mikania Scandens) · M. stevensiana (Maricao River Hempvine)

More Info

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Further Reading

• An enumeration of the vascular plants known from Surinam: together with their distribution and synonymy / by A. Pulle. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1906. url p. 459, p. 535.
• Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. 7 1922 [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 574, p. 699.
• Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden. 8 1912-1914 Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., url p. 407.
• Compositae newsletter. Columbus, Ohio: Dept. of Botany, Ohio State University, 1975- url p. 10, p. 32, p. 39, p. 64, p. 66, p. 69.
• Contribution [I]-III to the coastal and plain flora of Yucatan, by Charles Frederick Millspaugh. 1 1898 Chicago, 1895-1898. url p. 395, p. xiii.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 51 2005 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 100, p. 1470, p. 1471, p. 15, p. 377, p. 417, p. 448, p. 457.
• Contributions to the flora of Venezuela / Julian A. Steyermark and collaborators. 28 1957 Chicago, Ill.: Chicago Natural History Museum, 1957. url p. 1135, p. 1140.
• FWS/0BS. [Washington]Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior. url p. 95.
• Flora of Costa Rica. .. by Paul C. Standley. .. 18 1938 Chicago, 1937. url p. 1495.
• Flora of Guatemala / Dorothy L. Nash, Louis O. Williams; genera contributed by Kenneth M. Becker. .. [et al.]. 24 1976 Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, 1976. url p. 107, p. 108, p. 111.
• Flora of Jamaica, containing descriptions of the flowering plants known from the island, by William Fawcett and Alfred Barton Rendle. London.Printed by order of the Trustees of the British Museum, 1910- url p. 185, p. 188.
• Flora of Miami; being descriptions of the seed-plants growing naturally on the Everglade Keys and in the adjacent Everglades, southern peninsular Florida. New York, The author, 1913. url p. 186.
• Flora of Peru: Family compositae: Walter C. Holmes, Sidney McDaniel. 9 1982 Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, 1982. url p. 17, p. v.
• Flora of Yucatan, by Paul C. Standley. 3 1930 Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History, 1930. url p. 447.
• Flora of the Florida Keys: being descriptions of the seed-plants growing naturally on the islands of the Florida reef from Virginia Key to Dry Tortugas / by John Kunkel Small. New York, J.K. Small, 1913. url p. 147.
• Flora of the Florida Keys; being descriptions of the seed-plants growing naturally on the islands of the Florida reef from Virginia Key to Dry Tortugas. New York, The author, 1913. url p. 147.
• Flora of the Florida keys; being descriptions of the see-plants growing naturally on the islands of the Florida reef from Virginia key to Dry Tortugas, by John Kunkel Small. .. New York: The author, 1913. url p. 147.
• Flora of the Lancetilla Valley, Honduras, by Paul C. Standley. 10 1931 Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History, 1931. url p. 386.
• Flora, Tehuacán Valley [by] C. Earle Smith, Jr. 31 1965 Chicago, Ill.: Chicago Natural History Museum, 1965. url p. 112.
• Florida wild flowers; an introduction to the flora of the Florida peninsula, by Mary Francis Baker, photographs by the author. New York, The Macmillan company, 1926. url p. 249.
• Johnson's Gardeners' dictionary and cultural instructor. London, A. T. De La Mare printing and publishing co., ltd.[1916] url p. 142.
• Journal of ethnobiology. 17 1997 Flagstaff, Ariz.: Center for Western Studies, 1981- url p. 201, p. 251.
• Journal of the New York Botanical Garden. 24 1923 Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., 1900- url p. 216, p. 219, p. 235, p. 241, p. 26, p. 286, p. 29, p. 38.
• Memoirs / Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Brooklyn, N.Y.: The Garden, 1918-1936. url p. 98.
• Natural history of the Tres Marias Islands, Mexico. Prepared under the direction of C. Hart Merriam. Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1899. url p. 84.
• North American fauna. Washington: Fish and Wildlife Service; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U. S. Govt. Print. Off. url p. 96.
• Occasional papers of the California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco: California Academy of Sciences, url p. 20.
• Phytologia memoirs. Plainfield, N.J.: H.N. Moldenke and A.L. Moldenke, 1980- url p. 294.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 187, p. 197, p. 247, p. 361, p. 382, p. 405, p. 406, p. 419, p. 468, p. 469.
• Plantae Yucatanae. (Regionis Antillanae) Plants of the insular, coastal and plain regions of the peninsula of Yucatan, Mexico. [By Charles Frederick Millspaugh.]. 3 1904 Chicago, 1903-1904. url p. 96.
• Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series. San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences. url p. 468.
• Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Washington, etc.: Entomological Society of Washington url p. 1024, p. 1028, p. 116.
• Synoptical flora of North America. New York, Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor, and Co. [etc., etc.]1878-1884. url , p. 94.
• Synoptical flora of North America: the Gamopetalæ, being a second edition of vol. I, part II, and vol. II, part I, collected. London, Iverson, Blakeman, Taylor, and Company;1886. url .
• The University of Kansas science bulletin. 53 1989 [Lawrence]: University of Kansas, 1902-1996. url p. 597.
• The flora of the American Virgin Islands / N.L. Britton. New York: New York Botanical Garden, 1918. url p. 98.
• The forests and flora of British Honduras / by Paul C. Standley and Samuel J. Record; in cooperation with the Conservator of Forests and the Agricultural Officer of the Colony. 12 1936 Chicago: [Field Museum of Natural History], 1936. url p. 400.
• Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 2nd series: Botany 4 1894-1896 London. url p. 532.
• Trees and shrubs of Mexico / By Paul C. Standley. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1920-1926. url p. 1470, p. 1471.
• Tropical American plants, IX / Louis O. Williams. 31 1968 Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, 1968. url p. 4.
• Holmes, W. C. 1996. A proposed sectional classification for Mikania (Eupatorieae). In: D. J. N. Hind et al., eds. 1996. Proceedings of the International Compositae Conference, Kew 1994. 2 vols. Kew. Vol. 1, pp. 621-626.
• Holmes, W. C. 1981. Mikania (Compositae) of the United States. Sida 9: 147-158.
• Holmes, W. C. 1993. The Genus Mikania (Compositae: Eupatorieae) in the Greater Antilles. Fort Worth. [Sida Bot. Misc. 9.]
• Robinson, B. L. 1934. Mikania scandens and its near relatives. Contr. Gray Herb. 104: 55-71.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 22, 2007:

• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Herbier de la Guyane, Herbier de la Guyane
• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
• , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2657630
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ast-14723
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13748690
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:232826-1
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 36045
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDAST6F010
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: MICO9
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 49462

Footnotes

1. Walter C. Holmes "Mikania". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 459, 545, 546. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Mikania cordifolia". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 546. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 450.300 meters (1,477.362 feet), Standard Deviation = 767.130 based on 406 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.