Mesua ferrea

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Clusiaceae

Trees , shrubs , or sometimes herbs containing resin or oil in schizogenous spaces or canals and sometimes black or red glands containing hypericin or pseudohypericin. Leaves simple , entire or rarely gland-fringed, opposite or sometimes whorled , nearly always estipulate. Flowers bisexual or unisexual , regular, hypogynous, solitary or in cymes or thyrses ; bracteoles often inserted just beneath calyx and then not always easily distinguishable from sepals. Sepals (2-) 4 or 5(or 6), imbricate or decussate or rarely wholly united in bud, inner ones sometimes petaloid . Petals [3 or]4 or 5[or 6], free , imbricate or contorted in bud. Stamens many to rarely few (9), in [3 or]4 or 5 bundles (fascicles) that are free and antipetalous or variously connate , with filaments variously united or apparently free and then sometimes sterile (staminodes) ; anther dehiscence longitudinal . Staminode bundles (fasciclodes) 3-5, free and antisepalous or variously connate or absent. Ovary superior, with 2-5(-12) connate carpels, 1-12-loculed, with axile to parietal or basal placentation ; ovules 1 to many on each placenta, erect to pendulous; styles 1-5[-12], free or ± united or absent; stigmas 1-12, punctiform to peltate or, when sessile, radiate , surface papillate or smooth . Fruit a septicidal or septifragal, rarely loculicidal, capsule, berry, or drupe; seeds 1 to many, without or almost without endosperm [sometimes arillate ].

About 40 genera and 1200 species: mainly in tropical regions , except Hypericum and Triadenum, which are both mainly temperate in distribution; eight genera (one endemic) and 95 species (48 endemic, one introduced ) in China.

The Clusiaceae are a rather economically important family . Many species, such as Mesua ferrea and Garcinia paucinervis, have hard wood . Numerous species in Calophyllum, Clusia Linnaeus, and Garcinia produce valuable commercial resin or gum. Gamboge is produced from Garcinia morella Desrousseaux and other species. Garcinia mangostana and Mammea americana Linnaeus produce well-known edible fruits. Other species, such as Calophyllum inophyllum and Garcinia indica Choisy, have oily seeds. Hypericum is important in horticulture and medicine.

[1]

Genus Mesua

Trees . Apical bud abortive ; axillary buds with scales . Leaves opposite, petiolate , leathery, usually with inconspicuous, translucent glands ; secondary veins many, slender; tertiary veins scalariform, not prominent . Flowers bisexual , homostylous, solitary, axillary [or in axillary thyrses]. Sepals 4[or 5], imbricate. Petals 4[or 5], imbricate. Stamens many, not obviously fascicled, in continuous ring ; filaments free , slender; anthers erect , basifixed ; fasciclodes absent. Ovary 2-loculed, with 2 erect ovules per locule; styles united , elongate ; stigma peltate. Capsule subwoody, septifragal; septae persistent . Seeds 1-4, without appendage ; embryo with broad fleshy cotyledons.

About five species: India and Sri Lanka to peninsular Malaysia, possibly Java, and China; one species (introduced ) in China.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Usually cultivated, escaped and locally naturalized in SW Yunnan (Gengma: Mengding); 500-600 m. [3].

Biology

Growth

Culture: Space 20-30' apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Calophyllum nagassarium N. L. Burman • Mesua nagassarium (N. L. Burman) Kostermans.

Notes

Publishing author : L. Publication : Sp. Pl. 515.

Place of publication: Sp. pl. 1:515. 1753

Name verified on 20-Feb-1987 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 05-Nov-1999

Similar Species

Members of the genus Mesua

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 3 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

M. ferrea (Ceylon Ironwood) · M. ferruginea (Ironwood Tree) · M. nervosa (Chestnut Ironwood)

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Further Reading

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Notes

Contributors

• "Mesua ferrea". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 1, 38. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (May 02, 2008)

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3458110
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:428832-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 24194
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 428832-1
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 606771

Footnotes

1. Xi-wen Li, Jie Li, Norman K. B. Robson & Peter Stevens "Clusiaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Xi-wen Li, Jie Li & Peter Stevens "Mesua". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 1, 38. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. "Mesua ferrea". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 1, 38. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.