Mesembryanthemum crystallinum

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Genus Mesembryanthemum

Herbs, annual or perennial , usually short-lived, succulent, usually conspicuously papillate , glabrous . Roots fibrous . Stems prostrate to ascending . Leaves basal and cauline, alternate or opposite, sessile or petiolate ; stipules absent; blade reddish with age, flat or terete , margins often undulate . Inflorescences terminal or axillary , flowers solitary or in cymes; bracts absent or 1-2, sessile or pedicellate . Flowers showy, 4-10[-20] mm diam., tubular ; calyx lobes (4-) 5, 2 often leaflike; petals (including petaloid staminodia) 20-40[-150], distinct or connate into short tube , free , white, pink, or yellowish, linear ; nectary glands 5; stamens 30[-120]; pistil (4-) 5-carpellate; ovary half-inferior, (4-) 5-loculed, convex ; placentation axile ; stigmas (4-) 5, erect , filiform . Fruits capsules, persistent , valves (4-) 5, with expanding interior keels when moistened, forming capsule lids when dried, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 100-200, black or dark [light] reddish brown [ochre or whitish], compressed [globose ], often with 1 straight edge , 1 mm, smooth to rough with minute tubercles ; arils absent.

Species 74: introduced ; s, w Africa; also introduced in Mexico, South America, Europe (Mediterranean), Asia, Atlantic Islands, Australia.

As described here, Mesembryanthemum is the narrowly delineated genus sensu H. M. L. Bolus (1928-1958, part 3, p. 164, fig. 25) .

The ability of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum and M. nodiflorum to accumulate and release salt into the surrounding soil is one mechanism by which these species dominate disturbed areas (N. J. Vivrette and C. H. Muller 1977; N. J. Vivrette 1980) .[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found in the intertidal zone at the water's edge at a mean distance from sea level of 254 meters (833 feet).[2]

Biome: Coastal.

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Annual , Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 18-24" apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Cryophytum crystallinum (L.) N. E. Br. • Gasoul crystallinum (L.) Rothm.

Notes

Publishing author : L. Publication : Sp. Pl. 1: 480 1753 [1 May 1753]

Similar Species

Members of the genus Mesembryanthemum

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 4 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

M. crassifolium (Dewplant) · M. crystallinum (Common Iceplant) · M. nodiflorum (Slender-Leaf Iceplant) · M. pugioniforme (Narrow-Leaved Iceplant)

More Info

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Further Reading

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• Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society. 6 1890 Cape Town, : The Society. url p. 36.
• Western flower guide, wild flowers of the Rockies and west to the Pacific, Garden City, Doubleday, Page & company, 1917. url p. 47.
• Window gardening. Devoted specially to the culture of flowers and ornamental plants, for indoor use and parlor decoration. Ed. by Henry T. Williams. New York, H. T. Williams, 1878, c1871. url p. 108.
• Window gardening: devoted specially to the culture of flowers and ornamental plants for indoor use and parlor decoration / edited by Henry T. Williams. New York: H.T. Williams, 1872. url p. 108.
• Zoe:a biological journal. 1 1890 San Diego, Calif. [etc.]Zoe Publishing Co. url p. 137, p. 21, p. 24.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 11, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 19, 2007:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Bundesamt für Naturschutz / Zentralstelle für Phytodiversität Deutschland, Bundesamt fuer Naturschutz / Zentralstelle fuer Phytodiversitaet Deutschland
• European Environment Agency, EUNIS
• GBIF-Spain, Herbario Universidad de Málaga: MGC-Cormófitos
• GBIF-Spain, Hortus Botanicus Sollerensis Herbarium
• GBIF-Spain, Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
• GBIF-Spain, Universidad de Almería, HUAL
• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Israel Nature and Parks Authority
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Lund Botanical Museum
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2668156
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-503818
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13809090
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:362764-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 24132
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 503818
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 362764-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDAIZ0C010
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: GACR
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 40396

Footnotes

1. Nancy J. Vivrette "Mesembryanthemum". in Flora of North America Vol. 4 Page 76, 77, 84. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Standard Deviation = 466.680 based on 67,358 observations. Terrestrial altitude and ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.