Meconopsis horridula

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Papaveraceae

Herbs or subshrubs , shrubs , or small trees , annual , biennial, or perennial , scapose or caulescent , usually from taproots , sometimes from rhizomes; sap clear, white, or colored , often sticky. Stems leafy or naked, erect , spreading , or decumbent , simple or branching. Leaves basal and/or cauline, alternate to opposite or whorled , simple, without stipules, petiolate or sessile; blade unlobed or with 1-3 odd-pinnate, subpalmate, or palmate orders of lobes . Inflorescences axillary or terminal , unifloral or else multifloral and cymiform, racemose, umbelliform, corybiform, or paniculate , pedunculate or subsessile ; bracts usually present. Flowers radially symmetric , pedicellate or sessile; receptacle sometimes expanded and forming cup or ring beneath calyx (only in Eschscholzia, Meconella, and Platystemon ) ; perianth and androecium sometimes perigynous; sepals caducous , 2 or 3, distinct or connate , usually obovate ; petals distinct, usually obovate, mostly 2 times number of sepals, sometimes more or absent; stamens many or 4-15 (only in Meconella and Canbya ) ; anthers 2-locular; pistil 1, 2-18[-22]-carpellate; ovary 1-2-locular or incompletely to completely multilocular by placental intrusion; placentas 2 or more, parietal ; style 1 or absent; stigmas or stigma lobes 2-many. Fruits capsular , dehiscence valvate , poricidal , or transverse , or carpels dissociating and breaking transversely into 1-seeded segments (only in Platystemon ) . Seeds usually many, small, sometimes arillate or carunculate.

Genera 25-30 (17 genera, 63 species in the flora ) : worldwide, mainly Northern Hemisphere.

According to W. R. Ernst (1962b), Papaveraceae "may be divided conveniently into four subfamilies." His scheme is followed here, but with the subfamilies taken up in alphabetic order; they seem to be natural groups, but their phylogenetic interrelationships are not yet clear. Similarly, the evolutionary relationships within the subfamilies remain ambiguous, and the genera in each are listed alphabetically. Subfamily Chelidonioideae Ernst includes genera 1-5; subf. Eschscholzioideae Ernst, genera 6-7; subf. Papavaroideae Ernst, genera 8-14; and subf. Platostamenoideae Ernst, genera 15-17.[1]

Genus Meconopsis

Perennial , often prickly, simple or rarely branched, often tall and robust herbs with yellow latex. Leaves entire or lobed , radical stalked , cauline sessile or subsessile . Inflorescence solitary, racemed, pseudo-racemed or panicled . Flowers often large, showy, blue, yellow or purplish-red. Sepals 2(-4), usually caducous , valvate . Petals 4 (often varying from 5-10), free , obovate to broadly ovate . Stamens many, multiseriate; filament filiform ; anthers often oblong . Carpels many, fused, superior, with unilocular , ellipsoid to subglobose ovary; ovules many on parietal placentae projecting into the ovary; style distinct , often short; stigma rays 5-6, radiating and forming a globular mass over the ovary. Capsule ovoid , oblong, clavate or cylindrical, 1-celled, dehiscing by short slits at the apex or sometimes splitting almost to the base of the fruit. Seeds many, small, rugose .

About 45 species, distributed in West Europe, India, West Pakistan, Upper Burma and West China; represented in West Pakistan by 3 species.[2]

Physical Description

Biology

Growth

Culture: Space 15-18" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 7.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Partial to Full Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Publishing author : Kingdon-Ward Publication : Field Notes Pl. Shrubs & Trees 1924-25 34 [1925]. [sphalm. norridula]

A tentatively accepted name in the RHS Horticultural Database.

Similar Species

Members of the genus Meconopsis

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 21 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

M. argemonantha (White-Flowered Meconopsis) · M. betonicifolia (Tibetan Blue Poppy) · M. cambrica (Welsh Poppy) · M. cambrica 'Flore Pleno' (Welsh Poppy) · M. cambrica 'Muriel Brown' (Welsh Poppy) · M. cambrica 'Rubra' (Welsh Poppy) · M. grandis (Blue Poppy) · M. heterophylla (Flaming Poppy) · M. horridula (Blue Poppy) · M. horridula var. spinulifera (Prickly Blue-Poppy) · M. integrifolia (Farrer´s Lampshade-Poppy (Usa)) · M. integrifolia var. uniflora (Farrer´s Lampshade-Poppy) · M. lancifolia (Long-Leaved Meconopsis) · M. napaulensis (Meconopsis Napaulensis) · M. punicea var. elliptica (Red Poppywort) · M. punicea var. glabra (Red Poppywort) · M. regia (Meconopsis Regia) · M. villosa (Hilalayan Woodland Poppy) · M. x sheldonii (Blue Poppy) · M. x sheldonii 'Lingholm' (Blue Poppy) · M. zangnanensis (Small-Leaved Meconopsis)

More Info

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Further Reading

• Bulletin of miscellaneous information /Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1915 London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1900-1941. url p. 149, p. 151, p. 152, p. 156, p. 165, p. 167, p. 211.
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: The Museum, 1951-1992. url p. 249.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45 2003 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 322, p. 551, p. 620.
• Inventory of seeds and plants imported / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1914-1924. url p. 45, p. 51, p. 54.
• Nature Reserves of the Himalaya and the Mountains of Central Asia IUCN url p. 376, p. 466.
• Pamphlets on silviculture. [1899- url p. 1020.
• The English flower garden and home grounds: design and arrangement shown by existing examples of gardens in Great Britain and Ireland, followed by a description of the plants, shrubs, and trees for the open-air garden and their culture / by W. Robinson. London: J. Murray, 1911. url p. 682.
• The English rock-garden, by Reginald Farrer. London, Jack, 1919. url p. 476, p. 480, p. 481.
• The Garden: an illustrated weekly journal of gardening in all its branches. London: [s.n., url p. 282, p. 313, p. 510, p. 524.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url p. 180, p. 282, p. 30, p. 31, p. 369, p. 409.
• The Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany. 30 1895 London: the Society: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green: ||Williams and Norgate, 1865-1968. url p. 104, p. 108, p. 127, p. 134, p. 164, p. 220, p. 222, p. 239, p. 549, p. 696.
• The flora of British India /By J. D. Hooker assisted by various botanists. Published under the authority of the secretary of state for India in council. London: L. Reeve, 1875-97. url p. 118, p. 118.
• The gazetteer of Sikhim. With an introduction by H.H. Risley. Ed. in the Bengal government secretariat. Calcutta: Printed at the Bengal secretariat press, 1894. url p. 103, p. 104.
• Transactions and proceedings of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh. [Edinburgh]: The Society, 1891-1970. url .
• Veröffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung München. 6 1961 München: Die Staatssammlung, url p. 117.
• Ernst, W. R. 1962. A Comparative Morphology of the Papaveraceae. Ph.D. dissertation. Stanford University.
• Ernst, W. R. 1962b. The genera of Papaveraceae and Fumariaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 43: 315-343.
• Ernst, W. R. 1967. Floral morphology and systematics of Platystemon and its allies Hesperomecon and Meconella (Papaveraceae: Platystemonoideae). Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 47: 25-70.
• Fedde, F. 1936. Papaveraceae. In: H. G. A. Engler et al., eds. 1924+. Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, ed. 2. 26+ vols. Leipzig and Berlin. Vol. 17b, pp. 5-145.
• Fedde, F. 1909. Papaveraceae-Hypecoideae et Papaveraceae-Papaveroideae. In: H. G. A. Engler, ed. 1900-1953. Das Pflanzenreich. 107 vols. Berlin. Vol. 40[IV,104], pp. 1-430.
• Grey-Wilson, C. 1993. Poppies: A Guide to the Poppy Family in the Wild and in Cultivation. Portland.
• Gunn, C. R. 1980. Seeds and fruits of Papaveraceae and Fumariaceae. Seed Sci. Techn. 8: 3-58.
• Gunn, C. R. and M. J. Seldin. 1976. Seeds and Fruits of North American Papaveraceae. Washington. [U.S.D.A. Agric. Res. Serv., Techn. Bull. 1517.]
• Harms, H. 1936. Reihe Rhoeadales. In: H. G. A. Engler et al., eds. 1924+. Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, ed. 2. 26+ vols. Leipzig and Berlin. Vol. 17b, pp. 1-4.
• Hutchinson, J. 1925. Contributions towards a phylogenetic classification of flowering plants: V. The genera of Papaveraceae. Bull. Misinform. Kew 1925: 161-168.
• Kadereit, J. W. 1993. Papaveraceae. In: K. Kubitzki et al., eds. 1990+. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. 2+ vols. Berlin etc. Vol. 2, pp. 494-506.
• Stermitz, F. R. 1968. Alkaloid chemistry and the systematics of Papaver and Argemone. Recent Advances Phytochem. 1: 161-183.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 13, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 04, 2007:

• Harvard University Herbaria, Harvard University Herbaria
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 1672646
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15727215
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:673307-1
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 673307-1
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 753785

Footnotes

1. Robert W. Kiger "Papaveraceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Meconopsis". in Flora of Pakistan Page 22. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.