Overview
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Endangered |
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Interesting Facts
Description
Family Sapotaceae
Trees
or shrubs
, usually producing latex. Leaves spirally arranged
or alternate and distichous, rarely ± opposite, sometimes crowded at apex of branchlets
; stipules early deciduous or absent; leaf blade
papery
or leathery, margin
entire. Flowers bisexual
or unisexual
, usually in sessile axillary
clusters
, rarely solitary; cluster pedunculate or in raceme-like inflorescence, bracteolate
. Calyx a single whorl of usually 4--6 sepals, or 2 whorls each with 2--4 sepals. Corolla lobes
as many to 2 X
as many as sepals, usually entire, rarely with 2 lacerate
or lobular appendages
. Stamens inserted
at corolla base
or at throat
of corolla tube
, as many as and opposite corolla lobes to many and in 2 or 3 whorls; staminodes when present alternate with stamens, scaly
to petal-like. Ovary superior, 4- or 5-locular, placentation axillary; ovules 1 per locule, anatropous
. Style 1, often apically lobed
. Fruit a berry or drupe, 1- to many-seeded. Seed coat
brown (pale
yellow in Pouteria annamensis), hard, shiny, rich in tannin; endosperm usually oily; seed scar
lateral
and linear
to oblong
or basal and round
.
About 1100 species and 53 genera: pantropical
; 11 genera and 24 species (six endemic) in China.[1]
Genus Manilkara
Trees
or shrubs
. Leaves leathery to almost leathery, densely lateral
veined; stipules early deciduous. Flowers axillary
, clustered. Sepals 6, in 2 whorls. Corolla lobes
6, outside each with 2 lobular appendages
. Stamens 6; staminodes 6, alternating with corolla lobes, ovate
, apex acuminate, irregularly serrate, fimbriate to lobate
. Ovary 6--14-locular. Fruit a berry, 1--6-seeded. Seeds compressed
, scar
lateral and elongate
.
About 65 species: tropical
America, Africa, Asia, Pacific Islands; one species in China.[2]
Habitat
Biome: Terrestrial [3].
Ecology: Restinga forest on roadside.[3].
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Spermatopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Asteridae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Primulanae
()
- R. Dahlgren Ex Reveal, 1996
- Order:
Ericales
()
- Dumortier, 1829
- Family:
Sapotaceae
()
- A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons.
- Sapodilla Family
- Tribe:
Mimusopeae
()
- Subtribe:
Manilkarinae
()
- Subtribe:
Manilkarinae
(
- Tribe:
Mimusopeae
(
- Family:
Sapotaceae
(
- Order:
Ericales
(
- Superorder:
Primulanae
(
- Subclass:
Asteridae
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Publishing author : T.D.Penn. Publication : Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 52: 75, figs. 9, 10 1990
Similar Species
Members of the genus Manilkara
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 13 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
M. bahanensis (Wild Dilly) · M. bidentata (Bulletwood) · M. bidentata bidentata (Common Balata) · M. bidentata surinamensis (Surinam Bulletwood) · M. chicle (Chicle) · M. hexandra (Kimi) · M. huberi (Macaranduba) · M. jaimiqui (Wild Dilly) · M. jaimiqui emarginata (Wild Dilly) · M. kauki (Manilkara) · M. pleeana (Zapote De Costa) · M. valenzuela (Nisperillo) · M. zapota (Chicle)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- The World List of Threatened Trees WCMC, IUCN url p. 342.
- Li Shu-gang (as Lee Shu-kang). 1987. Sapotaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 60(1): 47-83.
- Li Shu-gang (as Lee Shu-kang). 1987. Sapotaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 60(1): 47-83.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
- IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
- Pires O'Brien, J. 1998. Manilkara decrescens. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 01February2012.
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3411446
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-120142
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:939912-1
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 280396-2
- IUCN ID: 221544
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1023210
Footnotes
- Shugang Li & T. D. Pennington "Sapotaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 205. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Manilkara". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 206. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Pires O'Brien, J. 1998. Manilkara decrescens. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 01 February 2012. [back]
