Manihot dichotoma

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Euphorbiaceae

The Euphorbiaceae are mostly monoecious herbs, shrubs , and trees , sometimes succulent and cactus-like, comprising one of the largest families of plants with about 300 genera and 7,500 species that are further characterized by the frequent occurrence of milky sap . The leaves are mostly alternate but may be opposite or whorled and they are simple , or compound , or sometimes highly reduced. Stipules are generally present but may be reduced to hairs , glands or spines. The flowers are unisexual and usually actinomorphic . They may be highly reduced by suppression of parts, in the extreme form consisting of a naked stamen as a male flower and a naked pistil as a female flower. A specialized type of miniature inflorescence called a cyathium occurs in about 1,500 species comprising the genera Euphorbia and Chamaesyce. The cyathium consists of a single naked pistillate flower surrounded by cymes of naked staminate flowers, each consisting of a single stamen. These flowers are all enclosed in a cup-like involucre that typically is provided with peripheral nectaries and petaloid appendages such that the whole aggregation closely resembles a single flower. In other members of the family the flowers and inflorescences are more ordinary in appearance , with male and female flowers typically bearing a 5-merous calyx and corolla of distinct segments, although the corolla is sometimes absent. In these forms the androecium most commonly consists of 5, 10 or sometimes numerous distinct or monadelphous stamens. The gynoecium of female flowers consists of a single compound pistil of typically 3 carpels, an equal number of styles or primary style branches, and a superior ovary with typically 3 locules, each bearing 1 or 2 collateral , axile-apical pendulous ovules. The fruit is usually a capsular schizocarp. -- Gerald Carr.

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Manihot dichotoma var. genuina Pax • Manihot dichotoma var. parvifolia Ule • Manihot dichotoma var. undulata Allem • Manihot preciosa Schindler

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 11-Nov-2003

Similar Species

Members of the genus Manihot

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 17 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

M. angustiloba (Desertmountain Manihot) · M. caerulescens (Manicoba) · M. caerulescens caerulescens (Manicoba) · M. carthaginensis (Ceara Rubbertree) · M. catingae (Manicoba Brava) · M. davisiae (Arizona Manihot) · M. dichotoma (Manicoba Rubber) · M. esculenta (Bitter Cassava) · M. esculenta esculenta (Tapioca) · M. esculenta 'Variegata' (Variegated Tapioca) · M. grahamii (Graham's Manihot) · M. palmata (Brazilian Arrowroot) · M. subspicata (Spiked Manihot) · M. tristis (Manihot) · M. tristis saxicola (Manihot) · M. tristis tristis (Manihot) · M. walkerae (Walker's Manihot)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A handbook of tropical gardening and planting, with special reference to Ceylon, by H. F. Macmillan. .. Colombo, H.W. Cave & co., 1914. url p. 490.
• Agricultural news. Bridgetown, Barbados, Bowen & sons;1902-22. url p. 158, p. 167, p. 183, p. 199, p. 277, p. 300, p. 424, p. 424, p. 425, p. 43.
• Agriculture in the tropics; an elementary treatise, by J. C. Willis. Cambridge, University Press, 1922. url p. 120.
• Archivos. Rio de JaneiroImprensa Nacional url p. 270.
• Bulletin / Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology. Washington: G.P.O., 1901-1971. url p. 151, p. 465.
• Bulletin of miscellaneous information /Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1910 London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1900-1941. url p. 205, p. 410, p. 63, p. 65, p. 67, p. 97, p. 99.
• Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. [Washington, D.C.?]: Supt. of Docs., G.P.O., 1913-1923. url p. 28.
• Bulletin. Bureau of Plant Industry. U. S. Department of Agriculture. 1901-13. WashingtonGovt. Print. Off. url p. 25.
• Forest of Port Rico; Washington, Govt. print. off., 1916. url p. 28.
• India rubber world. Philadelphia, Bill Brothers Publishing Corp. url p. 113, p. 123, p. 124, p. 146, p. 218, p. 236, p. 280, p. 33, p. 420, p. 86.
• International catalogue of scientific literature. London: Published for the International Council by the Royal Society of London, 1902-1919. url p. 810, p. 898.
• Inventory of seeds and plants imported / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1914-1924. url p. 12, p. 13, p. 63, p. 64.
• Journal of botany, British and foreign. London: Robert Hardwicke, 1863-1942. url p. 331.
• Nature. London, etc., Macmillan Journals Ltd., etc. url p. 147, p. 315, p. 56, p. 577.
• Novon a journal of botanical nomenclature from the Missouri Botanical Garden. 11 2001 St. Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical Garden, url p. 163, p. 165.
• Official guide to the Botanic Gardens, Dominica: illustrated: with an index of the principal plants. Dominica: The Garden, 1922? url , p. 34.
• Oliver, D. Flora of tropical Africa /by Daniel Oliver. .. assisted by other botanists. 6 1909-1913 London: L. Reeve and co., 1868-1999. url p. 839.
• Pamphlets on silviculture. [1899- url p. 831.
• Protozoology: a manual for medical men, veterinarians and zoologists / by C. M. Wenyon. New York: W. Wood, 1926. url p. 390.
• Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry of the Territory of Hawaii for the period. .. Honolulu. url p. 57.
• Rubber and rubber planting. By R. H. Lock. Cambridge, University press, 1913. url p. 16, p. 204, p. 205, p. 26.
• Rubber; its sources, cultivation, and preparation. With a preface by Wyndham R. Dunstan. LondonJ. Murray1914 url p. 157, p. 158, p. 159, p. 243, p. 31.
• Seeds and plants imported / U.S. Department of Agriculture. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1903-1913. url p. 25.
• Sylviculture in the tropics. LondonMacmillan1912 url , p. 24.
• The Philippine journal of science. Manila: Bureau of Science url p. 168, p. 219, p. 266, p. 366.
• The cultivation and preparation of Para rubber / W.H. Johnson. London: Lockwood, 1909. url p. 12.
• The fermentation of cacao, with which is compared the results of experimental investigations into the fermentation, oxidation, and drying of coffee, tea, tobacco, indigo, &c., for shipment. London, Bale and Danielsson[1913] url .
• The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 1991.
• The whole art of rubber-growing, by W. Wicherley. London, West Strand Pub. Co., 1911. url p. 111, p. 111, p. 116, p. 116.
• Tropical agriculture: the climate, soils, cultural methods, crops, live stock, commercial importance and opportunities of the tropics / London: D. Appleton and Company, 1916. url .
• Tropical agriculture; the climate, soils, cultural methods, crops, live stock, commercial importance and opportunities of the tropics / by Earley Vernon Wilcox. London: D. Appleton and Company, 1916. url p. 199.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 11, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 29, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 29, 2008)
• USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
• World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Release date: November 27, 2009

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 29, 2008:

• Bioversity International: The System-wide Information Network for Genetic Resources (SINGER)
• Missouri Botanical Garden

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2670411
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-119783
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:351778-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 23371
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 506441
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: MADI12
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 48109

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.