Overview
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Critically Endangered |
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Interesting Facts
Description
Family Magnoliaceae
Trees
or shrubs
, deciduous or evergreen
, aromatic
. Pith
homogeneous
or diaphragmed
. Leaves alternate, simple
, petiolate
; stipules early or tardily deciduous, at first surrounding stem, adnate
on adaxial
side of petiole
(free
in Magnolia grandiflora ), often ochreate, leaving persistent
annular
scar
around node. Leaf blade
pinnately veined, unlobed (or evenly 2-10-lobed in Liriodendron ), margins
entire. Inflorescences terminal
, solitary flowers (often paired
in Magnolia ashei ), pedunculate
; spathaceous
bracts 2 (Magnolia ) or 1 (Liriodendron ) . Flowers: perianth hypogynous, segments imbricate; tepals deciduous, 6-18, in 3 or more whorls of 3, ± similar or outer tepals sepaloid
, inner tepals petaloid
; stamens numerous
, hypogynous, free, spirally arranged
; filaments
very short to 1/2 length
of anthers
; anthers introrse
, latrorse
, or extrorse
, longitudinally dehiscent
; connective
with distal appendage
; pistils numerous, superior, spirally arranged on elongate
receptacle (torus), stalked
or sessile, free or ±concrescent, 1-locular; placentation marginal
, placenta 1; ovules 1-2; style 1, short and recurved (Magnolia ) or large and winglike (Liriodendron ) ; stigma 1, terminal or terminal decurrent (Magnolia ) or recurved (Liriodendron ) . Fruits conelike syncarps consisting of aggregates of coalescent
, woody follicles (follicetums, as in Magnolia ) or apocarps
consisting of aggregates of indehiscent samaras (samaracetums, as in Liriodendron ) . Seeds 1-2 per pistil, arillate
, endosperm oily (Magnolia ), or without aril, adherent
to dry endocarp ( Liriodendron ) .
Genera ca.
6(-12), species ca. 220 (2 genera, 9 species in the flora
) : mostly in Asia, the Pacific Islands, and the Western Hemisphere.
Magnoliaceae are pollinated by beetles.
Herbarium
material
of Magnolia is usually incomplete
and inadequate for critical study. Collections
should include material of the stipules, spathaceous bracts, a full complement
of stamens, and all of the perianth segments to facilitate identification of Magnolia species.[1]
Habitat
Ecology: Forested slopes between 1,300 and 1,550 m. [2]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Magnoliidae
()
- Novák ex Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Magnolianae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Magnoliales
()
- Bromhead, 1838
- Family:
Magnoliaceae
()
- A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons.
- Magnolia Family
- Subfamily:
Magnolioideae
()
- Genus:
Manglietia
()
- Specific epithet:
sinica
- (Y.W.Law) B.L.Chen & Noot.
- Botanical name: - Manglietia sinica (Y.W.Law) B.L.Chen & Noot.
- Specific epithet:
sinica
- (Y.W.Law) B.L.Chen & Noot.
- Genus:
Manglietia
(
- Subfamily:
Magnolioideae
(
- Family:
Magnoliaceae
(
- Order:
Magnoliales
(
- Superorder:
Magnolianae
(
- Subclass:
Magnoliidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Basionym
: Magnoliaceae Manglietiastrum sinicum Y.W.Law
Basionym author: (Y.W.Law)
Similar Species
Members of the genus Manglietia
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 0 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
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Further Reading
- Li-kuo, F. and Jian-ming, J. (eds) 1992. China Plant Red Data Book – Rare and Endangered Plants 1. Science Press, Beijing.
- Nooteboom, H.P. 1996. The Magnoliaceae of China (Draft).
- Canright, J. E. 1960. The comparative morphology and relationships of the Magnoliaceae. III. Carpels. Amer. J. Bot. 47(2): 145-155.
- Demuth, P. and F. S. Santamour Jr. 1978. Carotenoid flower pigments in Liriodendron and Magnolia. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 105(1): 65-66.
- Hardin, J. W. and K. A. Jones. 1989. Atlas of foliar surface features in woody plants, X. Magnoliaceae of the United States. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 116(2): 164-173.
- Nooteboom, J. P. 1985. Notes on Magnoliaceae. Blumea 31: 65-121.
- Praglowski, J. 1974. Magnoliaceae Juss. Taxonomy by J. E. Dandy. World Pollen Spore Fl. 3: 1-48.
- Sargent, C. S. 1890-1902. The Silva of North America.... 14 vols. Boston and New York. Vol. 1, pp. 1-20.
- Spongberg, S. A. 1976. Magnoliaceae hardy in temperate North America. J. Arnold Arbor. 57: 250-312.
- Wood, C. E. Jr. 1958. The genera of the woody Ranales in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 39: 296-346.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 16, 2012.
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3905296
- IUCN ID: 34965
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 3963712
Footnotes
- Frederick G. Meyer "Magnoliaceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008. [back]
