Mahonia pinnata pinnata

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Berberidaceae

Herbs or shrubs [trees ], perennial , evergreen or deciduous, sometimes rhizomatous . Stems with or without spines. Leaves alternate, opposite, or fascicled, simple , 2-3-foliolate, or 1-3-pinnately or 2-3(-4) -ternately compound ; stipules present or absent; venation pinnate or palmate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary , racemes , cymes, umbels (or umbel-like), spikes, or panicles, or flowers solitary or in pairs, flowers pedicellate or sessile. Flowers bisexual , inconspicuous or showy, radially symmetric ; stipitate glands absent (except in Vancouveria ) ; sepaloid bracteoles 0-9; perianth sometimes absent ( Achlys ), more frequently present, 2- or 3-merous, or sepals and petals intergrading ( Nandis ) ; sepals 6, distinct , often petaloid and colored , not spurred ; petals 6-9, distinct, plane or hooded ; nectary present; stamens 6; anthers dehiscing by valves or longitudinal slits; ovary superior, apparently 1-carpellate; placentation marginal or appearing basal; style present or absent, sometimes persistent in fruit as beak . Fruits follicles, berries , or utricles. Seeds 1-50, sometimes arillate ; endosperm abundant; embryo large or small; mature seeds elevated on elongating stalk in Caulophyllum.

Genera 15, species ca. 650 (8 genera, 33 species in the flora ) : widespread, well represented in the north temperate zone.

Berberidaceae presents several interesting biogeographic features. Achlys is disjunct from western North America to east Asia with few morphologic differences between taxa. Diphylleia, Jeffersonia, and Podophyllum, each with a single eastern North American species, exhibit wide disjunctions to east Asia. Caulophyllum has three species, one in east Asia and two in the flora. Vancouveria is endemic to northwestern United States with nearest relations to Epimedium Linnaeus (H. Loconte and J. R. Estes 1989b; W. T. Stearn 1938), an exclusively Eastern Hemisphere genus.

Nandina, Berberis, Epimedium, and Podophyllum are cultivated.

The perianth of Berberidaceae is commonly composed of three distinct types of organs, but terminology for the organs varies from author to author. In our treatment, we refer to the small, outer parts as bracteoles (collectively forming a calyculus) ; the large, middle parts as sepals; and the innermost parts, which are commonly nectariferous , as petals. Some authors have referred to the bracteoles as outer sepals and to the petals as staminodes.[1]

Genus Mahonia

Evergreen , unarmed shrubs , similar to the genus Berberis L., but leaves pinnately compound and inflorescence mostly a fascicle of dense spike-like racemes .

About 100 species, mostly in E. and S.E. Asia, N. and C. America; represented here by 1 species.[2]

Physical Description

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Berberis pinnata Lag.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Synonym: Berberis pinnata. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: March 15, 2000.

Place of publication : Changing Seasons 1, suppl.:14. 1981

Name verified on 10-Nov-2005 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 10-Feb-2007

Similar Species

Members of the genus Mahonia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 28 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

M. aquifolium (Holly-Leaved Barberry) · M. aquifolium aquifolium (Hollyleaf Barberry) · M. aquifolium var. juglandifolia (Hollyleaved Barberry) · M. aquifolium 'Compacta' (Compact Oregon Grape Holly) · M. aquifolium 'Golden Abundance' (Holly-Leaved Barberry) · M. bealei (Beale's Barberry) · M. dictyota (California Oregongrape) · M. fortunei (Chinese Mahonia) · M. fremontii (Algerita) · M. haematocarpa (Colorado Mahonia) · M. japonica var. bealei (Leatherleaf Mahonia) · M. japonica 'Hivernant' (Japanese Mahonia) · M. lomariifolia (Chinese Holly Grape) · M. nervosa (Cascade Barberry) · M. nervosa var. nervosa (Cascade Oregongrape) · M. nervosa var. nervosa (Pursh) Nutt. (Cascade Oregongrape) · M. nevinii (Nevin's Barberry) · M. pinnata (Grape Holly) · M. pinnata insularis (Island Barberry) · M. pinnata pinnata (California Barberry) · M. pinnata subsp. insularis (Island Barberry) · M. repens (Creeping Barberry) · M. siamensis (Siam Hollygrape) · M. swaseyi (Texas Barberry) · M. trifoliolata (Agarita) · M. x media 'Arthur Menzies' (Arthur Menzies Mahonia) · M. x media 'Buckland' (Mahonia) · M. x media 'Charity' (Mahonia)

More Info

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Further Reading

• FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America. (F NAmer)
• Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: Higher plants of California. (F CalifJep)
• Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. (L US Can ed2) [accepts].
• United States Fish and Wildlife Service. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Species Information: threatened and endangered animals and plants - on-line resource. (US Fish & Wildl List)
• Ernst, W. R. 1964. The genera of Berberidaceae, Lardizabalaceae, and Menispermaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 45: 1-35.
• Loconte, H. 1993. Berberidaceae. In: K. Kubitzki et al., eds. 1990+. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. 2+ vols. Berlin etc. Vol. 2, pp. 147-152.
• Loconte, H. and J. R. Estes. 1989b. Phylogenetic systematics of Berberidaceae and Ranunculales (Magnoliidae). Syst. Bot. 14: 565-579.
• Meacham, C. A. 1980. Phylogeny of the Berberidaceae with an evaluation of classifications. Syst. Bot. 5: 149-172. Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (in English).... Washington.
• Nowicke, J. W. and J. J. Skvarla. 1981. Pollen morphology and phylogenetic relationships of the Berberidaceae. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 50: 1-83.
• Terebayashi, S. 1985. The comparative floral anatomy and systematics of the Berberidaceae. I. Morphology. Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyoto Univ., Ser. Biol. 10: 73-90.
• Terebayashi, S. 1985b. The comparative floral anatomy and systematics of the Berberidaceae. II. Systematic considerations. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 36: 1-13.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby FA, Roskov YR, Orrell TM, Nicolson D, Paglinawan LE, Bailly N, Kirk PM, Bourgoin T, van Hertum J, eds (2008). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2008 Annual Checklist Taxonomic Classification. CD-ROM; Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 26, 2008)
• USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2664607
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-195041
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13900120
• GRIN Nomen Number: 415077
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 195041
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDBER060B3
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ODFA
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 25063

Footnotes

1. Whetstone, R. David, T. A. Atkinson and Daniel D. Spaulding "Berberidaceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Mahonia". in Flora of Pakistan Page 2. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.