Overview
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Endangered |
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Interesting Facts
Common Names
Common Names in English:
Cycad
Description
Family Zamiaceae
Plants
superficially palmlike or fernlike, perennial
, evergreen
, dioecious. Stems subterranean
with exposed apex or aboveground, fleshy
, stout, cylindric
, simple
or irregularly branched. Roots
with small secondary roots; coral-like roots developing at base
of stem at or below soil surface. Leaves pinnately compound
, spirally clustered at stem apex, leathery, petiole
and rachis unarmed
[with stout spines]; leaflets
entire or dentate
[spinose
], venation
dichotomous [netted
]; resin canals absent. Cones axillary
, appearing terminal
, short-peduncled [sessile], disintegrating at maturity; sporophylls densely crowded, spirally arranged
, often covered with indument
. Pollen cones soon shed, generally smaller and more numerous
than seed cones; sporophylls bearing many crowded, small microsporangia (pollen sacs
) adaxially; pollen spheric, not winged
. Seed cones persistent
for a year or more, 1(--2) per plant, nearly globose
to ovoid
, tapering sharply or blunt
at apex; sporophylls peltate, thickened and laterally expanded distally, bearing 2(--3) ovules. Seeds angular, inner coat
hardened, outer coat fleshy, often brightly colored
; cotyledons 2.
Genera 9, species ca.
100 (1 genus, 1 species in the flora
) : primarily tropical
to warm temperate regions
, North Americ, Central America, South America, Africa, Australia.[1]
Physical Description
Habit: Evergreen .
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 18-24" tall.
Habitat
Ecology:
Plants
are found scattered
in open woodland, almost always on siliceous
sand deposits from old beach
dunes.[2].
List of Habitats
:
- 1 Forest
- 1.4 Forest - Temperate [more info]
Biology
Growth
Culture: Space 24-36" apart.
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Cycadopsida
()
- Brongn.
- Order:
Cycadales
()
- Dumortier, 1829
- Family:
Zamiaceae
()
- Horaninow, 1834
- Sago-palm Family
- Tribe:
Encephalarteae
()
- Genus:
Macrozamia
()
- Miquel, 1842
- Specific epithet:
pauli-guilielmi
- W.Hill & F.Muell.
- Botanical name: - Macrozamia pauli-guilielmi W.Hill & F.Muell.
- Specific epithet:
pauli-guilielmi
- W.Hill & F.Muell.
- Genus:
Macrozamia
(
- Tribe:
Encephalarteae
(
- Family:
Zamiaceae
(
- Order:
Cycadales
(
- Class:
Cycadopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Synonyms
Encephalartos mackenii hort. ex Miq. • Encephalartos pauli-guilielmi (W. Hill & F. Muell.) F. Muell. • Macrozamia plumosa Mohr • Macrozamia spiralis var. cylindracea Benth. • Zamia mackenii hort. ex Miq.
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 2004
Similar Species
Members of the genus Macrozamia
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 21 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
M. communis (Burrawang) · M. concinna (Nundle Cycad) · M. diplomera (Cycad) · M. fawcettii (Cycad) · M. fearnsidei (Cycad) · M. flexuosa (Cycad) · M. glaucophylla (Cycad) · M. johnsonii (Cycad) · M. lomandroides (Cycad) · M. lucida (Cycad) · M. macdonnellii (Macdonnell Ranges Cycad) · M. miquelii (Cycad) · M. moorei (Cycad) · M. mountperriensis (Cycad) · M. occidua (Cycad) · M. pauli-guilielmi (Cycad) · M. polymorpha (Cycad) · M. riedlei (Cycad) · M. secunda (Cycad) · M. spiralis (Cycad) · M. stenomera (Cycad)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Checklist of CITES Species CITES, WCMC url p. 294.
- Checklist of CITES Species: a reference to the appendices to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CITES url p. 280, p. 302, p. 339.
- Candolle, A. L. P. de. 1868. Cycadaceae. In: A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. de Candolle, eds. 1823--1873. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis.... Paris etc. Vol. 16, part 2, pp. 522--547.
- Johnson, L. A. S. 1959. The families of cycads and the Zamiaceae of Australia. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 84: 64--117.
- Schuster, J. 1932. Cycadaceae. In: H. G. A. Engler, ed. 1900--1953. Das Pflanzenreich.... Berlin. Vol. 99[IV,1], pp. l--168.
Notes
Contributors
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal January 30, 2008:
Identifiers
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: IOP-454777
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13839511
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:59592-3
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 297187-1
- IUCN ID: 221126
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 432716
Footnotes
- Garrie P. Landry "Zamiaceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Bösenberg, J.D. 2010. Macrozamia pauli-guilielmi. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 01 February 2012. [back]
