Lycopodium sitchense

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Lycopodiaceae

Plants terrestrial , on rock, or epiphytic. Roots emerging near origin , or growing through cortex and emergent some distance from origin. Horizontal stems present or absent, mainly protostelic, in some species becoming actino- or plectostelic, on substrate surface or subterranean , or forming stolons. Upright shoots simple or branched, usually conspicuously leafy at least at base ; abscising gemmae formed by reduced lateral shoots. Lateral shoots present or absent, simple or branched, branching pattern dichotomous and sometimes pseudomonopodial; leaves uniform or dimorphic or trimorphic. Upright and lateral shoots round or flat in cross section ; leaves on subterranean parts flat, appressed , nonphotosynthetic, and scalelike; leaves on aerial parts appressed, ascending , or spreading , with 1 central unbranched vein , needlelike to lanceolate to ovate , remote to dense and imbricate, with or without basal and/or mucilage canals. Strobili sessile or stalked , upright, nodding , or pendent. Sporangia solitary, adaxial near leaf base or axillary ; subtending leaves (sporophylls) unmodified and photosynthetic to much modified, nonphotosynthetic, reduced, and aggregated in strobili; sporangia reniform to globose , thick-walled with hundreds of spores, outer walls variously modified. Spores all 1 kind, trilete, thick-walled, surfaces pitted to small-grooved, rugulate, or reticulate . Gametophytes subterranean and nonphotosynthetic or surficial and photosynthetic.

Genera 10--15, species 350--400 (7 genera, 27 species in the flora ) : worldwide.

The Lycopodiaceae are an extremely diverse , ancient family . The family may contain even more than the estimated 400 species because the tropical members and the very large genus Phlegmariurus are still poorly known. The relationships among genera of Lycopodiaceae are not well understood because large evolutionary gaps exist among most genera. Some of the genera, notably Diphasiastrum, Huperzia, and Lycopodiella, exhibit extensive interspecific hybridization, which has caused much taxonomic confusion in the past. Differences in expressions of many of the generic characters are subtle, and some of the characters are microscopic.[1]

Genus Lycopodium

Plants mainly trailing on ground . Roots emerging from point of origin on underside of main stems . Horizontal stems on substrate surface or subterranean , long-creeping. Upright shoots scattered along horizontal stem, 5--16 mm diam., round or flat in cross section , unbranched or with 1--4 lateral branchlets . Leaves not imbricate, linear to linear-lanceolate; leaves on horizontal stems scattered, appressed , membranous; leaves on lateral branchlets mostly 6-ranked or more, monomorphic with few exceptions, appressed, ascending to spreading , margins entire to dentate . Gemmiferous branchlets and gemmae absent. Strobili single and sessile or multiple and pedunculate , apex blunt to acute; peduncle, when present, conspicuously leafy; sporophylls extremely reduced, much shorter than peduncle or stem leaves. Sporangia reniform . Spores reticulate , sides at equator convex , angles acute. Gametophytes nonphotosynthetic, mycorrhizal, subterranean, flat and irregularly button-shaped, with ring meristem around circumference. x = 34.

Species 15--25: mainly temperate and subarctic .

In striking contrast to Diphasiastrum, Huperzia, and Lycopodiella, interspecific hybridization is practically unknown in Lycopodium. Many of the species now recognized in Lycopodium have been segregated from Lycopodium clavatum, L. annotinum, and L. jussiaei Desvaux ex Poiret. The three groups given in the key below should probably be treated as subgenera .[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,653 meters (0 to 15,266 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Diphasiastrum sitchense (Rupr.) Holub • Diphasium sitchense (Rupr.) ?.L?ve & D.L?ve • Diphasium sitchense< /i> (Rupr.) A. & D. Löve • Lycopodium sabinifolium sitchense (Rupr.) Calder & Taylor • Lycopodium sabinifolium var. sitchense (Rupr.) Fern.

Notes

Publishing author : Rupr. Publication : Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 3: 30 1845

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Lycopodium

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 51 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

L. alpinum (Alpine Club Moss) · L. annotinum (Clubmoss) · L. annotinum f. groen;andicum (Clubmoss) · L. annotinum pungens (Stiff Clubmoss) · L. apodum (Meadow Spike Moss) · L. argenteum (Northern Sennet) · L. carinatum (Club Moss) · L. cernua (Lycopodium) · L. circinale (Blackfin Barracuda) · L. clavatum (Common Club Moss) · L. clavatum contiguum (Staghorn Club-Moss) · L. clavatum f. brevipedunculatum (Staghorn Club-Moss) · L. clavatum f. incurvum (Common Club Moss) · L. clavatum f. robustinus (Staghorn Club-Moss) · L. clavatum var. aristatum (Staghorn Club-Moss) · L. clavatum var. clavatum (Running Clubmoss) · L. clavatum var. raddianum (Staghorn Club-Moss) · L. complanatum (Plants) · L. complanatum complanatum (American Clubmoss) · L. complanatum f. canadense (Christmas Green) · L. dendroideum (Tree Groundpine) · L. deuterodensum (Bushy Clubmoss) · L. digitatum (Fan Club-Moss) · L. douglasii (Douglas' Spikemoss) · L. fastigiatum (Mountain Clubmoss) · L. habereri (Haberer's Clubmoss) · L. hickeyi (Hickey's Clubmoss) · L. issleri (Issler's Clubmoss) · L. lagopus (One-Cone Clubmoss) · L. longifolium (Pacific Threadfin) · L. lycopodiella (Lycopodiella) · L. mirabile (Thread-Fishes) · L. nudum (Clubmosses) · L. obscurum (Ground Pine) · L. obscurum f. dendroideum (Flat-Branch Tree Club-Moss) · L. obscurum f. foliaceum (Flat-Branch Tree Club-Moss) · L. obscurum f. parvispicatum (Ground Pine) · L. phlegmaria (Queensland Tassel-Fern) · L. proniflorum (Mullet) · L. pungens (Stiff Clubmoss) · L. sabinaefolium sitchense (Sitka Clubmoss) · L. sabinifolium (Ground-Fir) · L. scariosum (Spreading Clubmoss) · L. sitchense (Alaskan Clubmoss) · L. tristachyum (Deep-Root Clubmoss) · L. venustulum (Hairtip Clubmoss) · L. volubile (Climbing Clubmoss) · L. x habereri (Hybrid) · L. × issleri (Issler's Clubmoss) · L. x zeilleri (Zeiller's Clubmoss) · L. zeilleri (Deeproot Clubmoss)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A botanical exploration of the north shore of the gulf of St. Lawrence including an annotated list of the species of vascular plants, Ottawa, F. A. Acland, printer, 1922. url p. 59.
• Alaska / Harriman Alaska Expedition. New York: Doubleday, Page, 1901-1910. url p. 392.
• Alaska. New York, Doubleday, Page & company, 1901- url p. 392.
• An illustrated flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Stanford University, Stanford University Press, 1923-[60] url p. 43, p. 45.
• An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102nd meridian / by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Hon. Addison Brown. New York: Scribner, 1913. url p. 46.
• Annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of New York state, by Homer D. House. Albany, The University of the state of New York, 1924. url p. 37.
• Annual report / Albany: University of the State of New York, 1902-1918. url p. 15.
• Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 46 1919 New York: Torrey Botanical Club, 1870-1996 url p. 304.
• Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1892- url .
• Contributions from the Osborn Botanical Laboratory. [New Haven?]Osborn Botanical Laboratory, Yale University, url p. 400.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 11 1906 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 86, p. 87.
• Ferns and fern allies of Canada / [Ottawa]: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1989. url p. 318, p. 35, p. 37, p. 38, p. 401, p. 48.
• Flora of Japan: in English: combined, much revised and extended translation / by the author of his Flora of Japan (1953) and Flora of Japan, Pteridophyta (1957); edited by Frederick G. Meyer and Egbert H. Walker. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1965. url p. 23, p. 25.
• Flora of the Queen Charlotte Islands. [Ottawa: Queen's Printer], 1968-. url p. 134, p. 622.
• Flora of the Rocky Mountains and adjacent plains, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and neighboring parts of Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, and British Columbia / by P.A. Rydberg. New York: The author, 1922. url p. 1054.
• Flora of the U.S.S.R. [Springfield, Va.: Israel Program for Scientific Translations; 1968- url p. 92.
• Flora of the northwest coast, including the area west of the summit of the Cascade Mountains, from the forty-ninth parallel south to the Calapooia Mountains on the south border of Lane County, Oregon. Lancaster, Pa., Press of the New Era Printing Company, 1915. url , .
• Flora of the northwest coast: including the area west of the summit of the Cascade Mountains, from the forty-ninth parallel south to the Calapooia Mountains on the south border of Lane County, Oregon / by Charles V. Piper and R. Kent Beattie. Lancaster, Pa.: Press of the New era printing company, 1915. url p. 14.
• Flora of the state of Washington / by Charles V. Piper. Washington: G.P.O., 1906 url p. 86, p. 87.
• Harriman Alaska series. City of Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1910-1914. url p. 392.
• Harriman Alaska series. vol. I-V, VIII-XIV Washington, D.C., Smithsonian Institution, 1910-14 url p. 392.
• International catalogue of scientific literature [Sect.] M. Botany: 1st -14th annual issues, 1901-1914. London: Published for the International Council by the Royal Society of London, 1901-1919. url .
• Journal of ethnobiology. 19 1999 Flagstaff, Ariz.: Center for Western Studies, 1981- url p. 202.
• Minnesota botanical studies. Minneapolis, Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota. url .
• Mount Rainier: a record of exploration / edited by Edmond S. Meany. New York: Macmillan, 1916. url p. 285.
• Museum bulletin / Albany, N.Y.: University of the State of New York, 1908-1916. url p. 15.
• National list of scientific plant names. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1982- url p. 251.
• Plant species of concern / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c2003. url .
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] url p. 647.
• Publications in botany / Ottawa: The Museum, 1969- url p. 72, p. 91.
• Report of the State Botanist. Albany, N.Y.: University of the State of New York, 1898-1925. url p. 15.
• Syllogeus. Ottawa, National Museum of Natural Sciences, 1972-1995. url , , , p. 19, p. 23, p. 25, p. 26, p. 31, p. 33, p. 34, p. 34, p. 44, p. 45, p. 55, p. 58, p. 61, p. 81.
• The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url p. 110, p. 177, p. 417, p. 418, p. 496, p. 68.
• The Mountaineer. Seattle, The Mountaineers, 1907-1921. url p. 110.
• The Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science. Des moines, Iowa: The Academy, [1889-1987] url p. 430.
• The fern allies of North America north of Mexico, New York, F. A. Stokes company[1905] url p. viii.
• Wild flowers of the North American mountains. New York, McBride, 1917. url p. 373, p. 57.
• Øllgaard, B. 1990. Lycopodiaceae. In: K. Kubitzki et al., eds. 1990+. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. 1+ vol. Berlin etc. Vol. 1, pp. 31--39.
• Øllgaard, B. 1987. A revised classification of the Lycopodiaceae s. lat. Opera Bot. 92: 153--178.
• Øllgaard, B. 1989. Index of the Lycopodiaceae. Biol. Skr. 34: 1--135.
• Wagner, W. H. Jr. and J. M. Beitel. 1992. Generic classification of modern North American Lycopodiaceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 79: 676--686.
• Wagner, F. S. 1992. Cytological problems in Lycopodium sens. lat. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 79: 718--729.
• Wagner, W. H. Jr. 1993. A new combination for a North American lycopod. Novon 3: 305.
• Hickey, R. J. 1977. The Lycopodium obscurum complex in North America. Amer. Fern J. 67: 45--49.
• Wagner, W. H. Jr., J. M. Beitel, and R. C. Moran. 1989. Lycopodium hickeyi: A new species of North American clubmoss. Amer. Fern J. 79: 119--121.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 11, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed June 19, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 3 providers.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Dec 27, 2011.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 26, 2007:

• Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2644348
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-17036
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13728281
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:147632-2
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 17036
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 147632-2
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PPLYC01100
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: LYSAS3
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 35690

Footnotes

1. Warren H. Wagner Jr. & Joseph M. Beitel "Lycopodiaceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Lycopodium". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 466.510 meters (1,530.545 feet), Standard Deviation = 568.370 based on 1,551 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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