Lycium verrucosum

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Extinct in the Wild

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Solanaceae

Herbs, shrubs , small trees , or climbers . Stems sometimes prickly, rarely thorny; hairs simple , branched, or stellate , sometimes glandular . Leaves alternate, solitary or paired , simple or pinnately compound , without stipules; leaf blade entire, dentate , lobed , or divided . Inflorescences terminal , overtopped by continuing axes, appearing axillary , extra-axillary , or leaf opposed, often apparently umbellate , racemose, paniculate , clustered, or solitary flowers, rarely true cymes, sometimes bracteate . Flowers mostly bisexual , usually regular, 5-merous, rarely 4- or 6-9-merous. Calyx mostly lobed. Petals united . Stamens as many as corolla lobes and alternate with them, inserted within corolla, all alike or 1 or more reduced; anthers dehiscing longitudinally or by apical pores . Ovary 2-5-locular; placentation mostly axile ; ovules usually numerous . Style 1. Fruiting calyx often becoming enlarged, mostly persistent . Fruit a berry or capsule. Seeds with copious endosperm; embryo mostly curved .

About 95 genera with 2300 species: best represented in western tropical America, widespread in temperate and tropical regions ; 20 genera (ten introduced ) and 101 species in China.

Some species of Solanaceae are known in China only by plants cultivated in ornamental or specialty gardens: Atropa belladonna Linnaeus, Cyphomandra betacea (Cavanilles) Sendtner, Brugmansia suaveolens (Willdenow) Berchtold & Presl, Nicotiana alata Link & Otto, and Solanum jasminoides Paxton.[1]

Genus Lycium

Shrubs , often armed with thorns , pubescent with simple hairs . Leaves usually fasciculate on short shoots , petiolate or subsessile ; leaf blade small, plane or linear-cylindric, entire. Inflorescences solitary or fasciculate axillary flowers; peduncle absent. Flowers pedicellate . Calyx campanulate , 2- or 5-dentate or -lobed. Corolla funnelform or campanulate; tube short, limb usually (4- or) 5-lobed, enlarged at throat . Stamens inserted high in corolla tube, included or exserted; anthers oblong-elliptic, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary 2-locular; ovules 1 to many. Style slender. Berry red, orange, yellow, or black, globose , ovoid , or oblong , fleshy or juicy; fruiting calyx slightly enlarged. Seeds numerous or few, compressed , pitted .

About 80 species: South America, S Africa, a few in temperate Europe and Asia; seven species in China.[2]

Physical Description

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Lycium

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 54 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

L. afrum (Kaffir Box-Thorn) · L. andersonii (Anderson Boxthorn) · L. andersonii f. deserticola (Anderson Boxthorn) · L. andersonii var. andersonii (Anderson's Wolfberry) · L. andersonii var. andersonii Gray (Anderson Wolfberry) · L. andersonii var. deserticola (Desert Anderson Wolfberry) · L. andersonii var. deserticola (C.L.Hitchc.) C.L.Hitchc. ex Munz (Desert Anderson Wolfberry) · L. andersonii var. wrightii (Anderson Boxthorn) · L. andersonii var. wrightii Gray (Water Jacket) · L. australe (Australian Boxthorn) · L. barbarum (Common Matrimony Vine) · L. berlandieri (Berlandier Wolf-Berry) · L. berlandieri Dunal var. longistylum C.L.Hitchc. (Berlandier Wolfberry) · L. berlandieri Dunal var. parviflorum (Gray) Terracc. (Berlandier's Wolfberry) · L. berlandieri var. berlandieri (Berlandier's Wolfberry) · L. berlandieri var. longistylum (Berlandier's Wolfberry) · L. berlandieri var. parviflorum (Berlandiers Wolfberry) · L. brevipes var. Brevipes (Desert-Thorn) · L. californicum (California Desert-Thorn) · L. carolinianum (Carolina Desert-Thorn) · L. carolinianum var. carolinianum (Carolina Desert-Thorn) · L. carolinianum var. carolinianum Walt. (Carolina Desert-Thorn) · L. carolinianum var. quadrifidum (Largeflower Wolfberry) · L. carolinianum var. quadrifidum (Dunal) C.L.Hitchc. (Carolina Desert-Thorn) · L. chinense (Chinese Desert-Thorn) · L. cooperi (Cooper Wolfberry) · L. europaeum (European Matrimony-Vine) · L. exsertum (Arizona Desert-Thorn) · L. ferocissimum (African Box-Thorn) · L. ferrocissimum (African Boxthorn) · L. fremontii (Fremont Lycium) · L. hassei (Santa Catalina Island Desert-Thorn) · L. japonicum (Japanese Matrimony-Vine) · L. macrodon (Desert Wolfberry) · L. pallidum (Pale Desert-Thorn) · L. pallidum var. oligospermum (Rabbit Thorn) · L. pallidum var. oligospermum C.L.Hitchc. (Rabbit Thorn) · L. pallidum var. pallidum (Pale Desert-Thorn) · L. parishii (Parish Wolfberry) · L. puberulum (Downy Desert-Thorn) · L. puberulum var. berberioides (Silver Wolfberry) · L. puberulum var. berberioides (Correll) Chiang (Downy Desert-Thorn) · L. puberulum var. puberulum (Downy Desert-Thorn) · L. quadrifidum (Carolina Desert-Thorn) · L. richii (Baja Desert-Thorn) · L. sandwicense (H Hawaii Desert-Thorn) · L. schweinfurthii (North-African Boxthorn) · L. shockleyi (Shockley's Desert-Thorn) · L. texanum (Texas Desert-Thorn) · L. torreyi (Squawthorn) · L. tweedianum (Tropical Desert-Thorn) · L. tweedianum var. chrysocarpum (Tropical Desert-Thorn) · L. tweedianum var. tweedianum (Tropical Desertthorn) · L. verrucosum (San Nicholas Desert-Thorn)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• 1997 IUCN red list of threatened plants Cambridge: IUCN, World Conservation Union, 1998 url p. 571.
• A flora of California, by Willis Linn Jepson. San Francisco, Calif., Cunningham, Curtis & Welch, 1909- url p. 460.
• Allan Hancock Pacific expeditions. [Reports] Los Angeles, University of Southern California Press. url p. 306.
• An illustrated flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Stanford University, Stanford University Press, 1923-[60] url p. 664, p. 666.
• Leaflets of western botany. San Fransisco:[J. T. Howell], 1932-1966. url p. 32, p. 70.
• Native woody plants of the United States, their erosion-control and wildlife values. Washington, U. S. Govt. print. off., 1938. url p. 162.
• Proceedings. 3d ser.: Botany. San Francisco url p. 111.
• The Bradley bibliography; a guide to the literature of the woody plants of the world published before the beginning of the twentieth century; Cambridge, Riverside Press, 1911-18. url p. 773.
• Kuang Ko-zen & Lu An-ming, eds. 1978. Solanaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(1): 1-175.
• Kuang Ko-zen & Lu An-ming, eds. 1978. Solanaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(1): 1-175.

Notes

Contributors

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2653628
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-30550
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13746400
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:816673-1
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 30550
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 816673-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDSOL0G0M0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: LYVE
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 45771

Footnotes

1. Zhi-Yun Zhang, Anmin Lu & William G. D'Arcy "Solanaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 300. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Lycium". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 301. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.