Lychnis flos-cuculi

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Caryophyllaceae

Herbs annual or perennial , rarely subshrubs or shrubs . Stems and branches usually swollen at nodes. Leaves opposite, decussate, rarely alternate or verticillate , simple , entire, usually connate at base ; stipules scarious , bristly , or often absent. Inflorescence of cymes or cymose panicles, rarely flowers solitary or few in racemes , capitula, pseudoverticillasters, or umbels. Flowers actinomorphic , bisexual , rarely unisexual , occasionally cleistogamous . Sepals (4 or) 5, free , imbricate, or connate into a tube , leaflike or scarious, persistent , sometimes bracteate below calyx. Petals (4 or) 5, rarely absent, free, often comprising claw and limb; limb entire or split, usually with coronal scales at juncture of claw and limb. Stamens (2--) 5--10, in 1 or 2 series. Pistil 1; carpels 2--5, united into a compound ovary. Ovary superior, 1-loculed or basally imperfectly 2--5-loculed. Gynophore present or absent. Placentation free, central, rarely basal; ovules (1 or) few or numerous , campylotropous. Styles (1 or) 2--5, sometimes united at base. Fruit usually a capsule, with pericarp crustaceous , scarious, or papery , dehiscing by teeth or valves 1 or 2 × as many as styles, rarely berrylike with irregular dehiscence or an achene. Seeds 1 to numerous, reniform , ovoid , or rarely dorsiventrally compressed , abaxially grooved , blunt , or sharply pointed , rarely fimbriate-pectinate; testa granular , striate or tuberculate , rarely smooth or spongy ; embryo strongly curved and surrounding perisperm or straight but eccentric ; perisperm mealy.

Between 75 and 80 genera and ca. 2000 species: widespread but mainly of temperate or warm-temperate occurrence in the N hemisphere, with principal centers of distribution in the Mediterranean region and W Asia to W China and the Himalayas, fewer species in Africa S of the Sahara, America, and Oceania; 30 genera (two endemic) and 390 species (193 endemic) in China.

Arenaria, Silene, and Stellaria contain over half the species in the family in China. They are mostly concentrated in the Qinghai-Xizang plateau , and are especially rich from the Hengduan Mountains to the Himalayas. The main uses of this family are medicinal and ornamental . Dianthus superbus, Pseudostellaria heterophylla, Stellaria dichotoma var. lanceolata, and Vaccaria hispanica are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine . Some species of Arenaria, Dianthus, Gypsophila, Psammosilene, and Silene are used as medicinal herbs among the people or are habitually used in local Chinese medicine. Many species of Dianthus, Gypsophila, Lychnis, Saponaria, and Silene are grown as ornamentals. Atocion armeria (Linnaeus) Rafinesque ( Silene armeria Linnaeus), native to Russia and Europe, is also cultivated in China. It differs from Silene in having a corymbose inflorescence and obscure calyx veins. Wu Cheng-yih, Ke Ping, Zhou Li-hua, Tang Chang-lin & Lu De-quan. 1996. Caryophyllaceae. In: Tang Chang-lin, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 26: 47–449.[1]

Genus Lychnis

Herbs biennial or perennial . Stems erect . Leaves lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, apex acute. Inflorescence a dichasium or flower solitary. Calyx tubular to narrowly funnel-shaped or narrowly campanulate , usually not inflated , 10-veined, with 5 teeth. Petals 5, long clawed, limb white, pink, or red, entire, bifid, 4-fid, or laciniate ; coronal scales present. Androgynophore ± conspicuous , glabrous . Stamens 10. Ovary 1-loculed; ovules numerous ; styles 5, opposite calyx teeth, their bases persistent in fruit. Capsule septicidally dehiscing with 5 teeth. Seeds numerous, reniform , minute, ± tuberculate .

About 25 species: temperate Africa, Asia, and Europe; six species in China.

Recently, Greuter (in Taxon 44: 543-581. 1995) placed Lychnis into the synonymy of Silene . However, Oxelman et al. (in Nordic J. Bot. 20: 513-518. 2001) showed that it is possible to retain Lychnis and several other genera (e.g. , Atocion ) as separate from Silene in a taxonomy that is consistent with both the ability to diagnose taxa and solid, molecular-phylogenetic hypotheses. Some species, traditionally included in Lychnis, belong in Silene .[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,840 meters (0 to 6,037 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 15-18" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Coronaria flos-cuculi (L.) A. Braun • Silene flos-cuculi (L.) Greuter and Burdet

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Lychnis

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 42 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

L. alpina (Alpine Campion) · L. alpina var. albiflora (Red Alpine Campion) · L. alpina var. alpina (Red Alpine Campion) · L. alpina var. americana (American Campion) · L. baccifera (Berry Catchfly) · L. chalcedonica (Jerusalem Cross) · L. chalcedonica 'Alba' (Jerusalem Cross) · L. chalcedonica 'Burning Love' (Burning Love Campion) · L. chalcedonica 'Carnea' (Jerusalem Cross) · L. chalcedonica 'Dusky Salmon' (Jerusalem Cross) · L. chalcedonica 'Morgenrot' (Jerusalem Cross) · L. chalcedonica 'Summer Sparkle' (Jerusalem Cross) · L. coronaria (Bloody Mary) · L. coronaria 'Alba' (Bloody Mary) · L. coronaria 'Angel's Blush' (Angel's Blush Bloody Mary) · L. coronaria 'Blushing Bride' (Bloody Mary) · L. coronaria 'Dancing Ladies' (Bloody Mary) · L. coronaria'Gardeners World' (Bloody William) · L. coronaria 'Hutchinson's Cream' (Bloody William) · L. coronaria 'Oculata Group' (Bloody Mary) · L. coronata (Large-Flowered Lychnis) · L. flos-cuculi (Ragged Robin) · L. flos-cuculi 'Jenny' (Jenny Ragged Robin) · L. flos-cuculi 'Nana' (Dwarf Ragged Robin) · L. flos-culculi (Ragged Robin) · L. flos-jovis (Flower of Jove) · L. flos-jovis 'Nana' (Flower of Jove) · L. fulgens (Brilliant Campion) · L. githago (Common Corncockle) · L. miqueliana (Fushigorosen-So) · L. officinalis (Bouncingbet Soapweed) · L. sieboldii (Catchfly) · L. viscaria (Clammy Campion) · L. viscaria alpina (Clammy Campion) · L. viscaria 'Alba' (German Catchfly) · L. viscaria 'Splendens Plena' (Catchfly) · L. x arkwrightii (Arkwrights Campion) · L. x arkwrightii 'Orange Gnome' (Arkwrights Campion) · L. x arkwrightii 'Vesuvius' (Arkwrights Campion) · L. x haageana 'Lumina Mix' (Silene) · L. x haageana 'Molten Lava' (Maltese Cross) · L. yunnanensis (Lychnis)

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Further Reading

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Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 12, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 20 providers.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 27, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 12, 2007:

• GBIF-Spain, Departamento de Biolog. Veg. II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid: MAF
• Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
• The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Botany registration database by Danish botanists
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Botany
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Plants
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Environment and Heritage Service - EHS Species Datasets
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Scottish Borders Biological Records Centre - SWT Scottish Borders Local Wildlife Site Survey data 1996-2000 - species information

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2646593
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-20309
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 5347612
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:155082-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 411830
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 20309
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDCAR0F040
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: SIFL5
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 32577

Footnotes

1. Dequan Lu, Zhengyi Wu, Lihua Zhou, Shilong Chen, Michael G. Gilbert, Magnus Lidén, John McNeill, John K. Morton, Bengt Oxelman, Richard K. Rabeler, Mats Thulin, Nicholas J. Turland & Warren L. Wagner "Caryophyllaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Lu Dequan, Magnus Lidén, Bengt Oxelman "Lychnis". in Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 100. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 121.970 meters (400.164 feet), Standard Deviation = 152.230 based on 20,000 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.